鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块致密砂岩优质储层形成的主控因素
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摘要
寻找储层甜点区是致密气勘探的重点。以粒度、X-射线衍射、铸体薄片、压汞等各种实验分析为基础,结合成像测井,对临兴区块上古生界致密砂岩储层岩石学特征、孔喉与物性特征进行了研究,详细总结了优质储层形成的主要控制因素。研究表明,研究区储层孔喉以极细—细微孔喉为主,粒间溶孔和溶蚀颗粒孔是其主要储集空间,孔隙度主要集中在4%~10%之间,渗透率主要集中在(0.1~1)×10~(-3)μm~2之间,属于特低孔特低渗储层;优质储层平面上受沉积微相、微裂缝控制,纵向上受成岩作用影响,溶蚀作用是改善储层物性的关键因素。主要表现在:不同相带砂体,物性差异较大,潮坪相的砂坪、三角洲相的分流河道及曲流河相砂岩中边滩等微相砂体物性最好。粒度较粗的砂岩原始粒间孔隙发育,可形成良好储层。构造运动和紫金山岩浆侵入、冷却隆起衍生的微裂缝发育区可能是优质储层发育的场所。成岩过程中长石颗粒溶蚀形成的次生孔隙及溶蚀发育带,是致密砂岩优质储层发育的基础;部分矿物和岩石成分对储层物性影响具双重性:在成岩作用下加剧了储层致密化的同时,适量的脆性矿物、自生黏土矿物及碳酸盐岩、火山碎屑对优质储层的形成起建设性作用。该认识对致密砂岩储层甜点区预测具有借鉴意义。
It is the key point to find the sweet point in the process of exploration.Based on the experimental analyses on particle size,X-ray diffraction,casting thin sections and mercury injection,combined with imaging logging,we performed a series of research on tight sand petro-physical characteristics,and concluded the main controlling factors of high quality reservoirs in Linxing area,Ordos Basin.The reservoir pore throat size consists of fine-small pore throat,intergranular dissolved pore and dissolution particles are the main reservoir space,and porosity and permeability mainly concentrates in 4%-10%and(0.1-1)×10~(-3)μm~2,respectively,belonging to low porosity,low permeability reservoir.High quality reservoir surface is controlled by sedimentary micro-facies and micro-cracks,and is also influenced by diagenesis in the longitudinal direction.Dissolution is also one key factor to improve the reservoir property.As facies variation,corresponding physical property also changes.The sand flat of tidal flat,distributary channel of delta facies and edge beach of meandering river facies are of best quality.Good reservoir can be formed by the development of pore of the coarse-grained sandstone.The site micro-fractures derived from tectonic movement and Zijinshan magma intrusion and cooling may be the site where high quality reservoir develops.The secondary pores and dissolution development which are formed by the dissolution of feldspar in the diagenetic process are the basis for the development of the quality reservoir of tight sandstone.Part of mineral and rock composition have dual influence on reservoir property:diagenesis exacerbated the densification of the reservoir at the same time,and the amount of brittle mineral,authigenic clay minerals and carbonate rocks,pyroclastic construction play an important role in the formation of high quality reservoirs.
It is the key point to find the sweet point in the process of exploration.Based on the experimental analyses on particle size,X-ray diffraction,casting thin sections and mercury injection,combined with imaging logging,we performed a series of research on tight sand petro-physical characteristics,and concluded the main controlling factors of high quality reservoirs in Linxing area,Ordos Basin.The reservoir pore throat size consists of fine-small pore throat,intergranular dissolved pore and dissolution particles are the main reservoir space,and porosity and permeability mainly concentrates in 4%-10%and(0.1-1)×10~(-3)μm~2,respectively,belonging to low porosity,low permeability reservoir.High quality reservoir surface is controlled by sedimentary micro-facies and micro-cracks,and is also influenced by diagenesis in the longitudinal direction.Dissolution is also one key factor to improve the reservoir property.As facies variation,corresponding physical property also changes.The sand flat of tidal flat,distributary channel of delta facies and edge beach of meandering river facies are of best quality.Good reservoir can be formed by the development of pore of the coarse-grained sandstone.The site micro-fractures derived from tectonic movement and Zijinshan magma intrusion and cooling may be the site where high quality reservoir develops.The secondary pores and dissolution development which are formed by the dissolution of feldspar in the diagenetic process are the basis for the development of the quality reservoir of tight sandstone.Part of mineral and rock composition have dual influence on reservoir property:diagenesis exacerbated the densification of the reservoir at the same time,and the amount of brittle mineral,authigenic clay minerals and carbonate rocks,pyroclastic construction play an important role in the formation of high quality reservoirs.
引文
[1]Qiu Zhen,Zou Caineng,Li Jianzhong,et al.Unconventional petroleum resources assessment:Progress and future prospects[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(2):238-246.邱振,邹才能,李建忠,等.非常规油气资源评价进展与未来展望[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(2):238-246.
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[4]Shuai Wei.Prudential Area of Taiyuan Group Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of Crack Analysis[D].Xuzhou:China U-niversity of Mining and Technology,2014:48-61.帅伟.保德地区太原组裂隙特征及成因分析[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014:48-61.
[5]Chen Gang,Ding Chao,Xu Liming,et al.Analysis on the thermal history and uplift process of Zijinshan intrusive complex in the eastern Ordos Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(11):3731-3741.陈刚,丁超,徐黎明,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘紫金山侵入岩热演化史与隆升过程分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3731-3741.
[6]Ding Chao,Chen Gang,Zhang Hongfa,et al.Geochemical characteristics and geological environment of Zijinshan complex in the eastern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2011,31(3):74-81.丁超,陈刚,张宏发,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东部紫金山岩体地球化学与构造环境分析[J].矿物岩石,2011,31(3):74-81.
[7]Luo Zhetan,Wang Yuncheng.The Pore Structure of Reservoir[M].Beijing:Science Press,1986:21-40.罗蛰潭,王允诚.油气储集层的孔隙结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:21-40.
[8]Hou Ruiyun.Reservoir characteristics of low porosity and permeability sandstone of memberⅠof Xiashihezi Formation in Daniudi Gasfield,Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(3):467-478.侯瑞云.大牛地气田盒一段低孔渗砂岩储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(3):467-478.
[9]Liu Chenglin,Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Qingmeng.Reservoir diagenetic sequence and pore evolution of Sulige Gasfield in Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(11):1-4.刘成林,朱筱敏,曾庆猛.苏里格气田储层成岩序列与孔隙演化[J].天然气工业,2005,25(11):1-4.
[10]Wang Guangqiang.Reservoir Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Sandstone of Shan 2of Shanxi Formation in Daniudi Gasfield,Ordos Basin[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2010:43-52.王光强.大牛地气田致密砂岩储层成因及评价研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2010:43-52.
[11]Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Chenglin.Identification of effective Upper Paleozoic reservoirs in Sulige area[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(9):1-4.朱筱敏,刘成林.苏里格地区上古生界有效储层的确定[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):1-4.
[12]Fu Jinhua,Wei Xinshan,Nan Junxiang,et al.Characteristics and origin of reservoirs of gas fields in the Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(4):529-538.付金华,魏新善,南珺祥,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩气田储集层特征与成因[J].古地理学报,2013,15(4):529-538.
[13]Yang Wei,Wei Guoqi,Li Yuegang,et al.Main controlling factors and densification periods of the reservoir development of Xujiahe Formation second member,western Sichuan[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(6):796-800.杨威,魏国齐,李跃纲,等.川西地区须家河组二段储层发育的主控因素和致密化时间探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(6):796-800.
[14]Gao Xilong.Reservoir characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of Mesozoic clastic reservoirs in Chengdao region[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(3):391-398.高喜龙.埕岛地区中生界碎屑岩储层特征及综合评价[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):391-398.
[15]Zhao Da,Xu Hao,Tang Dazhen,et al.Linxing region of Shanxi Formation in the main control factors of tight sandstone reservoir research[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(supplement):188-191.赵达,许浩,汤达祯,等.临兴地区山西组致密砂岩储层主控因素研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(增刊):188-191.
[16]Ma Dongxu,Xu Yong,Lv Jianwen,et al.Relationship between provenance and formation of Lower Shihezi Formation in Linxing area,Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1215-1224.马东旭,许勇,吕剑文,等.鄂尔多斯盆地临兴地区下石盒子组物源特征及其与储层关系[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1215-1224.
[17]Fan Aiping,Wu Xiaoning,Wang Long,et al.Diagenetic mineral transformations and reservoir properties in the southwestern Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1190-1201.樊爱萍,吴小宁,王龙,等.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西南部成岩矿物转化与储层物性[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1190-1201.
[18]Zhang Manlang,Li Xizhe,Xie Wuren.Diagenetic mineral trans formations and reservoir properties in the southwestern Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(4):480-486.张满郎,李熙喆,谢武仁.鄂尔多斯盆地山2段砂岩储层的孔隙类型与孔隙结构[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(4):480-486.
[19]Ding Xiaoqi,Zhang Shaonan,Zhou Wen,et al.Characteristics and genesis of the Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone reservoirs in the northern Ordos Basin[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007,28(4):491-496.丁晓琪,张哨楠,周文,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界致密砂岩储层特征及其成因探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(4):491-496.
[20]Lan Chaoli,He Shunli,Zhang Junfeng,et al.Discussion on the factors of controlling the distribution of the reservoir“Sweet Spots”of Sulige Gasfield[J].Journal of Xi’an Petroleum University:Natural Science Edition,2007,22(1):45-48.兰朝利,何顺利,张君峰,等.苏里格气田储层“甜点”控制因素探讨[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2007,22(1):45-48.
[21]Anna B,Susanne G,Peter K.Porosity-preserving chiorite cements in shallow-marine volcaniclastic sandstones:Evidence from Cretaceous sandstones of the Sawan Gasfield,Pakistan[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(5):595-615.
[22]Chen Huanqing,Cao Chen,Liang Shuxian,et al.Research advances on reservoir pores[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(2):227-237.陈欢庆,曹晨,梁淑贤,等.储层孔隙结构研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(2):227-237.
[23]Zhang Junfeng,Lan Chaoli.Fractures and faults distribution and its effect on gas enrichment areas in Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(2):172-176.张君峰,兰朝利.鄂尔多斯盆地榆林-神木地区上古生界裂缝和断层分布及其对天然气富集区的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(2):172-176.
[2]Ju Huijiao.The Characteristics of Upper Paleozoic Reservoir in Sulige Gasfield and its Main Control Factors[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2011:95-101.琚惠娇.苏里格气田西区苏48区上古生界储层特征及其主控因素研究[D].西安:西北大学,2011:95-101.
[3]Fu Ning,Yang Shuchun,He Qing,et al.High-efficiency reservoir formation conditions of tight sandstone gas in LinxingShenfu blocks on the east margin of Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(supplement 1):111-119.傅宁,杨树春,贺清,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴-神府区块致密砂岩气高效成藏条件[J].石油学报,2016,37(增刊1):111-119.
[4]Shuai Wei.Prudential Area of Taiyuan Group Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of Crack Analysis[D].Xuzhou:China U-niversity of Mining and Technology,2014:48-61.帅伟.保德地区太原组裂隙特征及成因分析[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014:48-61.
[5]Chen Gang,Ding Chao,Xu Liming,et al.Analysis on the thermal history and uplift process of Zijinshan intrusive complex in the eastern Ordos Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(11):3731-3741.陈刚,丁超,徐黎明,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘紫金山侵入岩热演化史与隆升过程分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3731-3741.
[6]Ding Chao,Chen Gang,Zhang Hongfa,et al.Geochemical characteristics and geological environment of Zijinshan complex in the eastern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2011,31(3):74-81.丁超,陈刚,张宏发,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东部紫金山岩体地球化学与构造环境分析[J].矿物岩石,2011,31(3):74-81.
[7]Luo Zhetan,Wang Yuncheng.The Pore Structure of Reservoir[M].Beijing:Science Press,1986:21-40.罗蛰潭,王允诚.油气储集层的孔隙结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:21-40.
[8]Hou Ruiyun.Reservoir characteristics of low porosity and permeability sandstone of memberⅠof Xiashihezi Formation in Daniudi Gasfield,Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(3):467-478.侯瑞云.大牛地气田盒一段低孔渗砂岩储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(3):467-478.
[9]Liu Chenglin,Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Qingmeng.Reservoir diagenetic sequence and pore evolution of Sulige Gasfield in Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(11):1-4.刘成林,朱筱敏,曾庆猛.苏里格气田储层成岩序列与孔隙演化[J].天然气工业,2005,25(11):1-4.
[10]Wang Guangqiang.Reservoir Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Sandstone of Shan 2of Shanxi Formation in Daniudi Gasfield,Ordos Basin[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2010:43-52.王光强.大牛地气田致密砂岩储层成因及评价研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2010:43-52.
[11]Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Chenglin.Identification of effective Upper Paleozoic reservoirs in Sulige area[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(9):1-4.朱筱敏,刘成林.苏里格地区上古生界有效储层的确定[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):1-4.
[12]Fu Jinhua,Wei Xinshan,Nan Junxiang,et al.Characteristics and origin of reservoirs of gas fields in the Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(4):529-538.付金华,魏新善,南珺祥,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩气田储集层特征与成因[J].古地理学报,2013,15(4):529-538.
[13]Yang Wei,Wei Guoqi,Li Yuegang,et al.Main controlling factors and densification periods of the reservoir development of Xujiahe Formation second member,western Sichuan[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(6):796-800.杨威,魏国齐,李跃纲,等.川西地区须家河组二段储层发育的主控因素和致密化时间探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(6):796-800.
[14]Gao Xilong.Reservoir characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of Mesozoic clastic reservoirs in Chengdao region[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(3):391-398.高喜龙.埕岛地区中生界碎屑岩储层特征及综合评价[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):391-398.
[15]Zhao Da,Xu Hao,Tang Dazhen,et al.Linxing region of Shanxi Formation in the main control factors of tight sandstone reservoir research[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(supplement):188-191.赵达,许浩,汤达祯,等.临兴地区山西组致密砂岩储层主控因素研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(增刊):188-191.
[16]Ma Dongxu,Xu Yong,Lv Jianwen,et al.Relationship between provenance and formation of Lower Shihezi Formation in Linxing area,Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1215-1224.马东旭,许勇,吕剑文,等.鄂尔多斯盆地临兴地区下石盒子组物源特征及其与储层关系[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1215-1224.
[17]Fan Aiping,Wu Xiaoning,Wang Long,et al.Diagenetic mineral transformations and reservoir properties in the southwestern Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1190-1201.樊爱萍,吴小宁,王龙,等.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西南部成岩矿物转化与储层物性[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1190-1201.
[18]Zhang Manlang,Li Xizhe,Xie Wuren.Diagenetic mineral trans formations and reservoir properties in the southwestern Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(4):480-486.张满郎,李熙喆,谢武仁.鄂尔多斯盆地山2段砂岩储层的孔隙类型与孔隙结构[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(4):480-486.
[19]Ding Xiaoqi,Zhang Shaonan,Zhou Wen,et al.Characteristics and genesis of the Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone reservoirs in the northern Ordos Basin[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007,28(4):491-496.丁晓琪,张哨楠,周文,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界致密砂岩储层特征及其成因探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(4):491-496.
[20]Lan Chaoli,He Shunli,Zhang Junfeng,et al.Discussion on the factors of controlling the distribution of the reservoir“Sweet Spots”of Sulige Gasfield[J].Journal of Xi’an Petroleum University:Natural Science Edition,2007,22(1):45-48.兰朝利,何顺利,张君峰,等.苏里格气田储层“甜点”控制因素探讨[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2007,22(1):45-48.
[21]Anna B,Susanne G,Peter K.Porosity-preserving chiorite cements in shallow-marine volcaniclastic sandstones:Evidence from Cretaceous sandstones of the Sawan Gasfield,Pakistan[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(5):595-615.
[22]Chen Huanqing,Cao Chen,Liang Shuxian,et al.Research advances on reservoir pores[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(2):227-237.陈欢庆,曹晨,梁淑贤,等.储层孔隙结构研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(2):227-237.
[23]Zhang Junfeng,Lan Chaoli.Fractures and faults distribution and its effect on gas enrichment areas in Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(2):172-176.张君峰,兰朝利.鄂尔多斯盆地榆林-神木地区上古生界裂缝和断层分布及其对天然气富集区的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(2):172-176.
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