DPR-SNED系统处理低C/N城市污水与硝酸盐废水的运行特性
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摘要
为实现低C/N城市污水与含硝酸盐废水的同步处理,采用SBR接种活性污泥,通过合理控制厌氧/缺氧/低氧时间和溶解氧(DO)浓度,实现了反硝化除磷耦合同步硝化内源反硝化(DPR-SNED)系统的启动,并对启动过程中系统的脱氮除磷特性进行了研究.结果表明采用厌氧/低氧的运行方式,控制厌氧时间为3 h,好氧段DO浓度为0. 5～1. 0 mg·L-1,60 d可实现同步硝化内源反硝化除磷(SNEDPR)系统的启动,出水PO_4~(3-)-P浓度<0. 5 mg·L-1,系统氮磷去除率维持在90%以上,COD的去除率维持在80%以上,系统SNED率和CODins率分别维持在70%和95%左右;随后改变运行方式,采用厌氧/缺氧/低氧的方式运行,缺氧段前进含硝酸盐废水,45 d可实现DPR-SNED系统的启动,缺氧末PO_4~(3-)-P浓度<1. 1 mg·L-1,出水PO_4~(3-)-P浓度<0. 5 mg·L-1,系统磷、COD去除率均维持在90%以上,氮去除率维持在88%以上,系统SNED率和CODins率分别维持在62%和90%左右. DPR-SNED系统的成功启动后,厌氧段聚糖菌和聚磷菌对城市污水有限碳源的充分利用和强化储存,可为后续缺氧段及好氧段的脱氮除磷提供充足的内碳源.此外,DPR-SNED系统缺氧段内源短程反硝化的进行保障了系统在低C/N(4)条件下的高效脱氮.
In order to realize the simultaneous treatment of low C/N municipal wastewater and high nitrate wastewater,a sequencing batch reactor( SBR),inoculated with activated sludge,was used to initiate the denitrifying phosphorus removal coupled with simultaneous nitrification and endogenous denitrification( DPR-SNED). The anaerobic/anoxic/hypoxic durations and dissolved oxygen( DO) concentration were appropriately controlled,and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics were examined. The experimental results demonstrated that,in the anaerobic/hypoxia operation mode,with an anaerobic duration of 3 h and DO concentration of 0. 5-1. 0 mg·L-1,the simultaneous nitrification of phosphorus removal( SNEDPR) system successfully began in 60 d.The effluent PO_4~(3-)-P concentration was below 0. 5 mg·L-1,the nutrient and COD removal efficiencies were stably maintained above90% and 80%,respectively,and the SNED efficiency and CODinsefficiency reached 70% and 95%,respectively. When the operation mode was anaerobic/anoxic/hypoxic and nitrate-containing sewage was added at the beginning of the anoxic stage,DPRSNED was achieved with the effluent PO_4~(3-)-P concentration < 0. 5 mg·L-1,nutrient and COD removal efficiencies above 88% and90%,respectively,and SNED efficiency and CODinsefficiency maintained at 62% and 90%,respectively. After the successful initiation of DPR-SNED,enhanced intracellular carbons storage was achieved by phosphorus-and glycogen-accumulating organisms using the limited carbons in raw municipal wastewater to provide sufficient carbon sources for subsequent nutrient removal. In addition,the endogenous partial denitrification ensured the efficient nitrogen removal performance of the DPR-SNED system at low C/N conditions( average 4).
In order to realize the simultaneous treatment of low C/N municipal wastewater and high nitrate wastewater,a sequencing batch reactor( SBR),inoculated with activated sludge,was used to initiate the denitrifying phosphorus removal coupled with simultaneous nitrification and endogenous denitrification( DPR-SNED). The anaerobic/anoxic/hypoxic durations and dissolved oxygen( DO) concentration were appropriately controlled,and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics were examined. The experimental results demonstrated that,in the anaerobic/hypoxia operation mode,with an anaerobic duration of 3 h and DO concentration of 0. 5-1. 0 mg·L-1,the simultaneous nitrification of phosphorus removal( SNEDPR) system successfully began in 60 d.The effluent PO_4~(3-)-P concentration was below 0. 5 mg·L-1,the nutrient and COD removal efficiencies were stably maintained above90% and 80%,respectively,and the SNED efficiency and CODinsefficiency reached 70% and 95%,respectively. When the operation mode was anaerobic/anoxic/hypoxic and nitrate-containing sewage was added at the beginning of the anoxic stage,DPRSNED was achieved with the effluent PO_4~(3-)-P concentration < 0. 5 mg·L-1,nutrient and COD removal efficiencies above 88% and90%,respectively,and SNED efficiency and CODinsefficiency maintained at 62% and 90%,respectively. After the successful initiation of DPR-SNED,enhanced intracellular carbons storage was achieved by phosphorus-and glycogen-accumulating organisms using the limited carbons in raw municipal wastewater to provide sufficient carbon sources for subsequent nutrient removal. In addition,the endogenous partial denitrification ensured the efficient nitrogen removal performance of the DPR-SNED system at low C/N conditions( average 4).
引文
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[19]张淼,何成达,王淑莹,等. A2/O+MBBR系统的快速启动及反硝化除磷特性[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(2):240-247.Zhang M,He C D,Wang S Y,et al. Rapid start-up and denitrifying phosphorus removal characteristics of A2/O+MBBR process[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(2):240-247.
[20]张淼,彭永臻,张建华,等.进水C/N对A2/O-BCO工艺反硝化除磷特性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1366-1375.Zhang M,Peng Y Z,Zhang J H,et al. Effect of influent C/N ratios on denitrifying phosphorus removal characteristics in the A2/O-BCO process[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1366-1375.
[21]王晓霞,王淑莹,赵骥,等.厌氧/好氧SNEDPR系统处理低C/N污水的优化运行[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(9):2672-2680.Wang X X,Wang S Y,Zhao J,et al. Optimization for low C/N sewage treatment in an anaerobic/aerobic simultaneous nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorous removal system[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(9):2672-2680.
[22]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[23]许松瑜.双泥折流板反硝化除磷工艺硝化菌的FISH检测研究[D].苏州:苏州科技学院,2011.Xu S Y. Investigation on the FISH detection of the nitrifying bacteria in two-sludge baffled reactor[D]. Suzhou:Suzhou University of Science and Technology,2011.
[24]方茜,张朝升,张立秋,等.同时硝化/反硝化除磷工艺稳定性控制研究[J].给水排水,2014,40(11):132-135.
[25] Coma M,Puig S,Balaguer M D,et al. The role of nitrate and nitrite in a granular sludge process treating low-strength wastewater[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2010,164(1):208-213.
[26] Kerrn-Jespersen J P,Henze M. Biological phosphorus uptake under anoxic and aerobic conditions[J]. Water Research,1993,27(4):617-624.
[2]王淑莹,王晓霞,彭永臻,等.反硝化脱氮除磷处理高氨氮厌氧氨氧化出水和生活污水的装置和方法[P].中国专利:CN 201310518302. 3,2014-01-29.
[3]刘福长,张新颖,陈益明,等.厌氧氨氧化工艺影响因素研究进展[J].能源与环境,2017,(3):71-72,75.
[4] Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[5]陈舒.反硝化聚磷菌的筛选鉴定及其脱氮除磷特性研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2012.
[6]连丽丽.聚磷菌的筛选及其对污水的除磷特性研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2009.
[7]周康群,刘晖,孙彦富,等.反硝化聚磷菌的SBR反应器中微生物种群与浓度变化[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(4):705-711.Zhou K Q,Liu H,Sun Y F,et al. Change of microorganism amount and species in SBR reactor enriching denitrifying phosphate bacteria[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2008,39(4):705-711.
[8]李观元.以丙酸为碳源的反硝化除磷工艺运行特性及影响因素研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.Li G Y. Operation characteristics and affecting factors of denitrifying phosphatation process fed with propionic[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[9] Lanham A B,Moita R,Lemos P C,et al. Long-term operation of a reactor enriched in accumulibacter clade I DPAOs:performance with nitrate, nitrite and oxygen[J]. Water Science and Technology,2011,63(2):352-359.
[10] Zhang T,Liu Y,Fang H H P. Effect of pH change on the performance and microbial community of enhanced biological phosphate removal process[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2005,92(2):173-182.
[11] Zeng R J, Lemaire R, Yuan Z G, et al. Simultaneous nitrification,denitrification,and phosphorus removal in a labscale sequencing batch reactor[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2003,84(2):170-178.
[12] Wang X X,Wang S Y,Xue T L,et al. Treating low carbon/nitrogen(C/N)wastewater in simultaneous nitrificationendogenous denitrification and phosphorous removal(SNDPR)systems by strengthening anaerobic intracellular carbon storage[J]. Water Research,2015,77:191-200.
[13]张建华,王淑莹,张淼,等.不同反应时间内碳源转化对反硝化除磷的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):989-997.Zhang J H,Wang S Y,Zhang M,et al. Effect of conversion of internal carbon source on denitrifying phosphorus removal under different reaction time[J]. China Environmental Science,2017,37(3):989-997.
[14]叶丽红,李冬,张杰,等.亚硝化-反硝化除磷技术研究进展[J].北京工业大学学报,2016,42(4):585-593.Ye L H,Li D,Zhang J,et al. Advance of research on the technology of nitrite-denitrifying phosphorus removal[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2016,42(4):585-593.
[15]张兰河,庄艳萍,王旭明,等.温度对改良A2/O工艺反硝化除磷性能的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(10):213-219.Zhang L H, Zhuang Y P, Wang X M, et al. Effect of temperature on denitrifying phosphorus removal efficiency using modified A2/O process[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(10):213-219.
[16]张建华,彭永臻,张淼,等.不同电子受体配比对反硝化除磷特性及内碳源转化利用的影响[J].化工学报,2015,66(12):5045-5053.Zhang J H,Peng Y Z,Zhang M,et al. Effect of different electron acceptor ratios on removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and conversion and utilization of internal carbon source[J].CIESC Journal,2015,66(12):5045-5053.
[17]彭赵旭,彭永臻,左金龙.同步硝化反硝化的影响因素研究[J].给水排水,2009,35(5):167-171.Peng Z X,Peng Y Z,Zuo J L. Study of influence factors on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification[J]. Water&Wastewater Engineering,2009,35(5):167-171.
[18] Virdis B,Read S T,Rabaey K,et al. Biofilm stratification during simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND)at a biocathode[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(1):334-341.
[19]张淼,何成达,王淑莹,等. A2/O+MBBR系统的快速启动及反硝化除磷特性[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(2):240-247.Zhang M,He C D,Wang S Y,et al. Rapid start-up and denitrifying phosphorus removal characteristics of A2/O+MBBR process[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(2):240-247.
[20]张淼,彭永臻,张建华,等.进水C/N对A2/O-BCO工艺反硝化除磷特性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1366-1375.Zhang M,Peng Y Z,Zhang J H,et al. Effect of influent C/N ratios on denitrifying phosphorus removal characteristics in the A2/O-BCO process[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1366-1375.
[21]王晓霞,王淑莹,赵骥,等.厌氧/好氧SNEDPR系统处理低C/N污水的优化运行[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(9):2672-2680.Wang X X,Wang S Y,Zhao J,et al. Optimization for low C/N sewage treatment in an anaerobic/aerobic simultaneous nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorous removal system[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(9):2672-2680.
[22]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[23]许松瑜.双泥折流板反硝化除磷工艺硝化菌的FISH检测研究[D].苏州:苏州科技学院,2011.Xu S Y. Investigation on the FISH detection of the nitrifying bacteria in two-sludge baffled reactor[D]. Suzhou:Suzhou University of Science and Technology,2011.
[24]方茜,张朝升,张立秋,等.同时硝化/反硝化除磷工艺稳定性控制研究[J].给水排水,2014,40(11):132-135.
[25] Coma M,Puig S,Balaguer M D,et al. The role of nitrate and nitrite in a granular sludge process treating low-strength wastewater[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2010,164(1):208-213.
[26] Kerrn-Jespersen J P,Henze M. Biological phosphorus uptake under anoxic and aerobic conditions[J]. Water Research,1993,27(4):617-624.