冷旋锻变形对TB9钛合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响
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摘要
采用冷旋锻对TB9钛合金棒材进行多道次冷变形,利用OM、EBSD、XRD、TEM以及拉伸等实验研究了不同冷变形量TB9钛合金棒材的显微组织、织构和拉伸性能及其规律。结果表明,TB9钛合金棒材的晶粒尺寸随冷旋锻变形量的增大而减小,部分晶粒尺寸达到纳米级。同时,晶粒随变形量的增加沿旋锻轴向转动,形成择优取向,由初始{001}<110>和{001}<100>织构转变为<110>取向的α-fiber和γ-fiber{001}<110>、{112}<110>和{111}<110>织构。在亚结构、小尺寸晶粒以及织构的共同作用下,TB9钛合金的强度随变形量的增大而增加,延伸率和面缩率在70%冷变形后仍保持在一个较高的水平,具有优异的冷变形能力。
TB9 titanium alloy has been widely used for aerospace due to it's superior low stiffness,corrosion resistance and workability. It has been reported that cold deformation can improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of titanium alloys. At the same time, the cold rotary-swaging deformation facilitates the production of small batches and the acquisition of special shape and size bars. However,current studies on the microstructure and properties of cold rotary-swaged titanium alloys are not systematic. So, the effects of cold deformation rate on the microstructure, texture evolution and mechanical property of TB9 alloy during cold rotary-swaging were investigated using OM, EBSD, XRD, TEM and tensile test. The results showed that the grain size of TB9 titanium was refined with the increase in diameter reduction. Meanwhile, with the deformation increases, the grains rotation along the swaging axis occurs,forming a preferred orientation, the textures change from initial {001} <110> and {001} <100> to α-fiber and γ-fiber {001}<110>, {112}<110> and {111}<110>. All of grains refinement, texture components and substructures contributed to the enhancement of strength after cold rotary-swaging. And the ductile kept on a high level after 70% cold working, which means the TB9 titanium has a great cold deformation ability.
TB9 titanium alloy has been widely used for aerospace due to it's superior low stiffness,corrosion resistance and workability. It has been reported that cold deformation can improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of titanium alloys. At the same time, the cold rotary-swaging deformation facilitates the production of small batches and the acquisition of special shape and size bars. However,current studies on the microstructure and properties of cold rotary-swaged titanium alloys are not systematic. So, the effects of cold deformation rate on the microstructure, texture evolution and mechanical property of TB9 alloy during cold rotary-swaging were investigated using OM, EBSD, XRD, TEM and tensile test. The results showed that the grain size of TB9 titanium was refined with the increase in diameter reduction. Meanwhile, with the deformation increases, the grains rotation along the swaging axis occurs,forming a preferred orientation, the textures change from initial {001} <110> and {001} <100> to α-fiber and γ-fiber {001}<110>, {112}<110> and {111}<110>. All of grains refinement, texture components and substructures contributed to the enhancement of strength after cold rotary-swaging. And the ductile kept on a high level after 70% cold working, which means the TB9 titanium has a great cold deformation ability.
引文
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[25]Ray R K,Jonas J J,Hook R E.Cold rolling and annealing textures in low carbon and extra low carbon steels[J].Int.Mater.Rev.,1994,39:129
[26]Conrad H.Effect of interstitial solutes on the strength and ductility of titanium[J].Prog.Mater.Sci.,1981,26:123
[27]Zhang Y W,Li S J,Obbard E G,et al.Elastic properties of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn single crystals with bcc crystal structure[J].Acta Mater.,2011,59:3081
[28]Fang T H,Li W L,Tao N R,et al.Revealing extraordinary intrinsic tensile plasticity in gradient nano-grained copper[J].Science,2011,331:1587
[2]Tian Y X,Li S J,Hao Y L,et al.High temperature deformation behavior and microstructure evolution mechanism transformation in Ti2448 alloy[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2012,48:837(田宇兴,李述军,郝玉琳等.Ti2448合金高温变形行为及组织演变机制的转变[J].金属学报,2012,48:837)
[3]Boyer R R,Brigge R D.The use ofβtitanium alloys in the aerospace industry[J].J.Mater.Eng.Perform.,2005,14:681
[4]Huang L J,Wang J,Zhang H B,et al.Effects of cold drawing deformation and aging temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of TB9 titanium alloy[J].Chin.J.Nonferrous Met.,2013,23(Special 1):s11(黄鎏杰,王健,张慧博等.冷拉拔变形量和时效温度对TB9钛合金丝材组织和性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(专辑1):s11)
[5]Xu X,Dong L M,Ba H B,et al.Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of beta C titanium alloy inβphase field[J].Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc.China,2016,26:2874
[6]Rack H J.Plastic deformation of unaged RMI 38644[J].Scr.Mater.,1976,10:739
[7]Banumathy S,Mandal R K,Singh A K.Texture and anisotropy of hot rolled Ti-16Nb alloy[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2010,500:L26
[8]Dai S J,Wang Y,Chen F,et al.Effect of cold deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-35Nb-9Zr-6Mo-4Sn alloy for biomedical applications[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2013,A575:35
[9]Zhang Z Q,Dong L M,Guan S X,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC16 titanium alloy by room temperature roller die drawing[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2017,53:415(张志强,董利民,关少轩等.TC16钛合金辊模拉丝过程中的显微组织和力学性能[J].金属学报,2017,53:415)
[10]Fang S M,Lei T,Zhang Y L,et al.Application study on swaging special-shaped non-ferrous metal wire of lower plasticity[J].Forg.Stamp.Technol.,2007,32(5):69(方树铭,雷霆,张玉林等.旋锻法加工低塑性有色金属异型材的应用研究[J].锻压技术,2007,32(5):69)
[11]Zheng B Z,Tang X X,Tian X L,et al.Treatment methods on relative motion between clamp and hammer in numerical simulation of rotary forging for titanium alloy wire[J].Forg.Stamp.Technol.,2017,42(10):195(郑帮智,唐新新,田晓琳等.钛合金线材旋锻数值仿真中夹具与锤头相对运动的处理方法[J].锻压技术,2017,42(10):195)
[12]Guo W Y,Xing H,Sun J.EBSD and TEM studies of deformation structure of metastableβ-type titanium alloy after cold-swaging[J].J.Chin.Electron Micros.Soc.,2008,27:469(郭文渊,邢辉,孙坚.亚稳态β钛合金冷旋锻形变组织的EBSD和TEM研究[J].电子显微学报,2008,27:469)
[13]Pachla W,Kulczyk M,Przybysz S,et al.Effect of severe plastic deformation realized by hydrostatic extrusion and rotary swaging on the properties of CP Ti grade 2[J].J.Mater.Process.Technol.,2015,221:255
[14]Alkhazraji H,El-Danaf E,Wollmann M,et al.Enhanced fatigue strength of commercially pure Ti processed by rotary swaging[J].Adv.Mater.Sci.Eng.,2015,2015:301837
[15]Wang H F,Han J T,Hao Q L.Influence of mandrel on the performance of titanium tube with cold rotary swaging[J].Mater.Manuf.Processes,2015,30:1251
[16]Ide N,Morita T,Takahashi K,et al.Influence of cold rolling on fundamental properties of Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al alloy[J].Mater.Trans.,2015,56:1800
[17]Sun J F,Zhang Z W,Zhang M L,et al.Microstructure evolution and their effects on the mechanical properties of TB8 titanium alloy[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2016,663:769
[18]Chung C C,Wang S W,Chen Y C,et al.Effect of cold rolling on structure and tensile properties of cast Ti-7.5Mo alloy[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2015,A631:52
[19]Cai S,Bailey D M,Kay L E.Effect of annealing and cold work on mechanical properties of beta III titanium[J].J.Mater.Eng.Perform.,2012,21:2559
[20]Xu T W,Li J S,Zhang S S,et al.Cold deformation behavior of the Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.2Si alloy and its effect onαprecipitation and tensile properties in aging treatment[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2016,682:404
[21]Wu X,Tao N,Hong Y,et al.Microstructure and evolution of mechanically-induced ultrafine grain in surface layer of Al-alloy subjected to USSP[J].Acta Mater.,2002,50:2075
[22]Zhao H L,Ni S,Song M,et al.Grain refinement via formation and subdivision of microbands and thin laths structures in cold-rolled hafnium[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2015,A645:328
[23]Engler O,ToméC N,Huh M Y.A study of through-thickness texture gradients in rolled sheets[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2000,31A:2299
[24]Miyamoto H,Xiao T,Uenoya T,et al.Effect of simple shear deformation prior to cold rolling on texture and ridging of 16%Cr ferritic stainless steel sheets[J].ISIJ Int.,2010,50:1653
[25]Ray R K,Jonas J J,Hook R E.Cold rolling and annealing textures in low carbon and extra low carbon steels[J].Int.Mater.Rev.,1994,39:129
[26]Conrad H.Effect of interstitial solutes on the strength and ductility of titanium[J].Prog.Mater.Sci.,1981,26:123
[27]Zhang Y W,Li S J,Obbard E G,et al.Elastic properties of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn single crystals with bcc crystal structure[J].Acta Mater.,2011,59:3081
[28]Fang T H,Li W L,Tao N R,et al.Revealing extraordinary intrinsic tensile plasticity in gradient nano-grained copper[J].Science,2011,331:1587