DWDM混合光学系统中帧间和信道内四波混频效应的抑制（英文）
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摘要
本文提出了光码多分址(CDMA)和光密集波分复用(DWDM)的混合系统,全面研究了四波混频(FWM)的影响。在这个系统中,主要存在两个四波混频问题:包括多址干扰(MAI)和码间干扰(ISI)的帧间四波混频和信道内四波混频。结果表明,综合考虑信道间和信道内四波混频的影响,最佳发射功率可选为18 d Bm。当发射功率大于18 d Bm时,混合系统的误码率(BER)将增加。基于此,本文提出了一种电光相位调制器(EOPM)模块,将其放置在波分复用器之后,通过抑制信道内四波混频的影响,同时调制所有波长信号的相位,从而增加混合系统的非线性容限,这极大地改善了基于OOK传输的光学CDMA-DWDM混合系统的性能。此外,由于多对角线(MD)结构具有零互相关特性,通过使用多对角线识别序列码可以减少多址干扰的影响。结果还表明,CDMA技术与色散相结合有助于降低信道间四波混频的影响。此外,识别序列码间隔在减轻码间干扰中起着至关重要的作用,如结果所示,当识别序列码间隔压缩至比特持续时间的25%时,可以避免码间干扰,此时所提出的混合系统的性能最佳。
In this study,a hybrid system of optical Code Division Multiple Access( optical CDMA) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing( DWDM) is proposed with a comprehensive investigation into the effect of four-wave mixing( FWM). In such system,two major FWM problems exist,inter and intra-channel FWM,including multiple access interference( MAI) and inter-symbol interference( ISI). Results show that the optimum transmitted power is 18 dBm in order to control the trade-off between inter and intra-channel FWM,where an increase in the BER of the hybrid system at transmitted power above 18 d Bm is indicated. Hence,an electrooptic phase modulator( EOPM) module is proposed and placed after the WDM multiplexer to simultaneously modulate the phase of all wavelengths signals to increase the nonlinear tolerance in the hybrid system by suppressing the impact of intra-channel FWM,which is shown to greatly improve the performance of the optical CDMA-DWDM hybrid system based OOK transmission. In addition,the effect of MAI can be reduced by the use of multi-diagonal( MD) identification sequence code,due to the zero cross-correlation property of MD. The results also reveal that the CDMA technology in conjunction with chromatic dispersion helps to reduce the effect of inter-channel FWM. Moreover,the identification sequence code interval plays crucial role in the mitigating of ISI as the results expose that the best performance of the proposed hybrid system can be achieved when the identification sequence code interval squeezed into 25% of bit duration where the avoidance of ISI is guaranteed.
In this study,a hybrid system of optical Code Division Multiple Access( optical CDMA) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing( DWDM) is proposed with a comprehensive investigation into the effect of four-wave mixing( FWM). In such system,two major FWM problems exist,inter and intra-channel FWM,including multiple access interference( MAI) and inter-symbol interference( ISI). Results show that the optimum transmitted power is 18 dBm in order to control the trade-off between inter and intra-channel FWM,where an increase in the BER of the hybrid system at transmitted power above 18 d Bm is indicated. Hence,an electrooptic phase modulator( EOPM) module is proposed and placed after the WDM multiplexer to simultaneously modulate the phase of all wavelengths signals to increase the nonlinear tolerance in the hybrid system by suppressing the impact of intra-channel FWM,which is shown to greatly improve the performance of the optical CDMA-DWDM hybrid system based OOK transmission. In addition,the effect of MAI can be reduced by the use of multi-diagonal( MD) identification sequence code,due to the zero cross-correlation property of MD. The results also reveal that the CDMA technology in conjunction with chromatic dispersion helps to reduce the effect of inter-channel FWM. Moreover,the identification sequence code interval plays crucial role in the mitigating of ISI as the results expose that the best performance of the proposed hybrid system can be achieved when the identification sequence code interval squeezed into 25% of bit duration where the avoidance of ISI is guaranteed.
引文
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[24]DENG Y H,FOK M P,PRUCNAL P R,et al..All-optical code routing in interconnected optical CDMA and WDM ring networks[J].Optics Letters,2010,35(21):3628-3630.
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[27]BOSCO,CARENA A,CURRI V,et al..On the use of NRZ,RZ,and CSRZ modulation at 40 Gb/s with narrow DWDMchannel spacing[J].J.Lightw.Technol.,2002,20(9):1694-1704.
[28]RAMASWAMI R,SIVARAJAN K,SASAKI G.Optical Networks[M].3rdEd.,Amsterdam:Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann,2010:264-320.
[2]CHRAPLYVY A R.Limitation on lightwave communication imposed by optical fiber nonlinarities[J].J.Lightw.Technol.,1990,8(10):1548-1557.
[3]GONG Z B,LU X,SHI K B,et al..Nonlinear propagation of optical frequency comb and its application in phase noise detection[J].Chinese Optics,2015,8(1):39-44.
[4]TAMILARASAN I,SAMINATHAN B,MURUGAPPAN M.Improved fiber nonlinearity mitigation in dispersion managed optical OFDM links[J].Optics Communications,2017,385:87-91.
[5]ELLIS A,MCCARTHY M,AL KHATEEB M,et al..Performance limits in optical communications due to fiber nonlinearity[J].Advances in Optics and Photonics,2017,9(3):429-503.
[6]AL-KHATEEB M A Z,IQBAL M A,TAN M M,et al..Analysis of the nonlinear Kerr effects in optical transmission systems that deploy optical phase conjugation[J].Optics Express,2018,26(3):3145-3160.
[7]INOUE K.Four-wave mixing in an optical fiber in the zero-Dispersion wavelength region[J].J.Lightw.Technol.,1992,10(11):1553-1561.
[8]FORZATI M,BERNTSON A,MARTENSSON J.Performance analysis of single-MZM APRZ transmitters[J].J.Lightw.Technol.,2006,24(5):2006-2014.
[9]FORZATI M,BERNTSON A,MARTENSSON J.Asynchronous phase modulation for the suppression of IFWM[J].J.Lightw.Technol.,2007,25(10):2969-2975.
[10]PECHENKIN V,FAIR IVAN J.On four-wave mixing suppression in dispersion-managed fiber-optic OFDM systems with an optical phase conjugation module[J].J.Lightw.Technol.,2011,29(11):1678-1691.
[11]DU J,TENG Z,SHEN N.Semi-analytic modeling of FWM noise in dispersion-managed DWDM systems with DQPSK/DPSK/OOK channels[J].Optics Communications,2016,358:180-189.
[12]CRUZ P,ALVES T,CARTAXO A.Virtual carrier-assisted DD-MB-OFDM schemes for UDWDM metro-access networks with improved tolerance to four-wave mixing[J].J.Lightw.Technol.,2017,35(20):4468-4478.
[13]JIANG L,YUAN X,CUI Y,et al..Optical bistability and four-wave mixing in a hybrid optomechanical system[J].Physics Letters A,2017,381(38):3289-3294.
[14]SINGH G,SINGH M.Spectral bandwidth-efficient four-wave mixing minimization scheme for C-band dense wavelength division multiplexed system[J].Optical Engineering,2017,56(7):076115.
[15]ABD T,ALJUNID S,FADHIL H,et al..Impact of multi-diagonal code on high-speed spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple-access networks[J].Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,2012,38(9):2389-2397.
[16]SAFAR A,ALJUNID S,ARIEF A,et al..Minimizing correlation effect using zero cross correlation code in spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access[J].Optical Review,2012,19(1):20-24.
[17]ELTAIF T,SHALABY H,HAJI SHAARI S,et al..Analytical comparison of optical code-division multiple-access systems with and without a successive interference cancellation scheme using modified prime-sequence codes[J].Optical Engineering,2008,47(9):095001.
[18]SELEEM H,BENTRCIA A,FATHALLAH H.Penalised and doubly-penalised parallel/successive interference cancellation multi-user detectors for asynchronous upstream optical code division multiple access passive optical network[J].IETCommunications,2014,8(5):626-638.
[19]ALSOWAIDI N,ELTAIF T,MOKHTAR M.Performance analysis of SAC optical PPM-CDMA system-based interference rejection technique[J].Journal of Optical Communications,2016,37(1):87-92.
[20]ALSOWAIDI N,ELTAIF T,MOKHTAR M.A review on successive interference cancellation-based optical PPM-CDMAsignaling[J].Journal of Optical Communications,2017,38(1):57-62.
[21]KITAYAMA K,WANG X,WADA N.OCDMA over WDM PON-solution path to gigabit-symmetric FTTH[J].J.Lightw.Technol.,2006,24(4):1654-1662.
[22]WANG X,WADA N,MIYAZAKI T,et al..Field Trial of 3-WDM 10-OCDMA 10.71-Gb/s asynchronous WDM/DPSK-OCDMA using hybrid E/D without FEC and optical thresholding[J].J.Lightw.Technol.,2007,25(1):207-215.
[23]CHOI Y K,HANAWA M,WANG X,et al..Upstream transmission of WDM/OCDM-PON in a loop-back configuration with remotely supplied short optical pulses[J].Journal of Optical Communications and Networking,2013,5(3):183-189.
[24]DENG Y H,FOK M P,PRUCNAL P R,et al..All-optical code routing in interconnected optical CDMA and WDM ring networks[J].Optics Letters,2010,35(21):3628-3630.
[25]RODRIGUEZ DE LOS SANTOS G,HERNANDEZ J A,URUENA M,et al..Study of a hybrid OCDMA-WDM segmented ring for metropolitan area networks[C].12thInternational Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing(HPSR),2011:83-88.
[26]CHEN H,XIAO SH L,ZHU M,et al..Hybrid WDMA/OCDM system with the capability of encoding multiple wavelength channels by employing one encoder and one corresponding optical code[J].Chinese Optics Letters,2010,8(8):745-748.
[27]BOSCO,CARENA A,CURRI V,et al..On the use of NRZ,RZ,and CSRZ modulation at 40 Gb/s with narrow DWDMchannel spacing[J].J.Lightw.Technol.,2002,20(9):1694-1704.
[28]RAMASWAMI R,SIVARAJAN K,SASAKI G.Optical Networks[M].3rdEd.,Amsterdam:Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann,2010:264-320.