云贵高原气溶胶分布的区域与气候特征
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摘要
云贵高原地形地貌复杂,探讨其气溶胶区域分布的时空差异性,对不同区域科学制定生态文明建设政策具有重要意义。利用2001年以来的MODIS 3 km分辨率气溶胶光学厚度数据,综合运用空间插值、趋势分析等方法探讨了云贵高原2001-2016年气溶胶光学厚度的区域分布和气候特征。结果表明,较高分辨率的3 km气溶胶数据显示出高原气溶胶的不同梯度空间分布和时间变化特征。以乌蒙山脉为界,高原多年平均AOD空间分布呈东高西低的分布特征,其中东部年平均AOD约为0.32,西部约为0.13。年平均AOD高值区(>0.6)位于贵州省与四川盆地相邻的北部(包括遵义市、铜仁市)、与广西毗邻的东南部,以及省会城市贵州贵阳和云南昆明;高值区分布主要受人类活动、区域传输和地形所影响。季节平均表明,云贵高原东西部AOD高值的出现季节不完全同步,高原东部春季和冬季最高,高原西部春季最高,冬季最低。从相邻的两个强弱季风年来看,其与常年距平的反相位分布可能反映季风强度对气溶胶年际变化的影响。变化趋势上,高原年平均AOD呈现下降趋势,下降趋势率为-0.021/10a,但其中2001-2011年期间为波动上升,2011-2016年呈现显著下降,下降趋势率为-0.33/10a。高原东西部年AOD下降的速率有较大区别,高原东部的下降幅度明显大于西部,下降趋势率分别为-0.059/10a和-0.003/10a。
Due to the complex topography of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP), the spatiotemporal differences of aerosol regional distribution are worthy of discussion, which is of great significance for the ecological civilization in different regions. By using spatial interpolation and trend analysis methods, the aerosol optical depth(AOD) regional distribution and climatic characteristics of YGP from 2001 to 2016 were analyzed with MODIS AOD data in 3 km resolution. The AOD data in fine resolution of 3 km aerosol indicated the different characteristics of spatial gradient distribution and temporal variations of aerosol distribution over the plateau.Taking Wumeng Mountains as the boundary of YGP, the annually averaged AOD spatial distribution over the plateau showed a "high in the East and low in the west" pattern, with the annual AOD average of 0.32 in the east and 0.13 in the west. The high value area of annual AOD average(>0.6) was located in the north of Guizhou province adjacent to Sichuan Basin(including Zunyi and Tongren),the southeast adjacent to Guangxi province, Guiyang and Kunming. The distribution of high value area was mainly affected by human activities, regional transport and topography. Over the past 16 years, the annual AOD averages over the YGP presented a downward trend, with a downward trend rate of-0.021/10 a, with fluctuation rising from 2001 to 2011 and a significant decrease from 2011 to 2016(the rate is-0.33/10 a). The decline rate of AOD in eastern and western YGP was quite different, and the descending value in the eastern YGP was obviously higher than that in the western, with the change rates of-0.059/10 a and-0.003/10 a, respectively.
Due to the complex topography of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP), the spatiotemporal differences of aerosol regional distribution are worthy of discussion, which is of great significance for the ecological civilization in different regions. By using spatial interpolation and trend analysis methods, the aerosol optical depth(AOD) regional distribution and climatic characteristics of YGP from 2001 to 2016 were analyzed with MODIS AOD data in 3 km resolution. The AOD data in fine resolution of 3 km aerosol indicated the different characteristics of spatial gradient distribution and temporal variations of aerosol distribution over the plateau.Taking Wumeng Mountains as the boundary of YGP, the annually averaged AOD spatial distribution over the plateau showed a "high in the East and low in the west" pattern, with the annual AOD average of 0.32 in the east and 0.13 in the west. The high value area of annual AOD average(>0.6) was located in the north of Guizhou province adjacent to Sichuan Basin(including Zunyi and Tongren),the southeast adjacent to Guangxi province, Guiyang and Kunming. The distribution of high value area was mainly affected by human activities, regional transport and topography. Over the past 16 years, the annual AOD averages over the YGP presented a downward trend, with a downward trend rate of-0.021/10 a, with fluctuation rising from 2001 to 2011 and a significant decrease from 2011 to 2016(the rate is-0.33/10 a). The decline rate of AOD in eastern and western YGP was quite different, and the descending value in the eastern YGP was obviously higher than that in the western, with the change rates of-0.059/10 a and-0.003/10 a, respectively.
引文
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CARNEVALE C,FINZI G,MANNARINI G,et al.,2011.Comparing mesoscale chemistry-transport model and remote-sensed Aerosol Optical Depth[J].Atmospheric Environment,45(2):289-295.
CHENG X G,ZHAO T L,GONG S L,et al.,2016.Implications of East Asian summer and winter monsoons for interannual aerosol variations over central-eastern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,129:218-228.
CROUSE D L,SAJEEV P,AARON V D,et al.,2016.A New Method to Jointly Estimate the Mortality Risk of Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and its Components[J].Scientific Reports,6(1):18916.
CUHADAROGLU B,DEMIRCI E,1997.Influence of some meteorological factors on air pollution in Trabzon city[J].Energy&Buildings,25(3):179-184.
HE Q S,LI C C,XU T,et al.,2010.Validation of MODIS derived aerosol optical depth over the Yangtze River Delta in China[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,114(8):1649-1661.
HOLBEN B N,ECK T F,SLUTSKER I,et al.,1998.AERONET-AFederated Instrument Network and Data Archive for Aerosol Characterization[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,66(1):1-16.
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LEVY R C,MATTOO S,MUNCHAK L A,et al.,2013.The Collection 6MODIS aerosol products over land and ocean[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions,6(1):159-259.
LIU X Y,CHEN Q L,CHE H Z,et al.,2016.Spatial distribution and temporal variation of aerosol optical depth in the Sichuan basin,China,the recent ten years[J].Atmospheric Environment,147:434-445.
LIU X D,YAN L B,YANG P,et al.,2011.Influence of Indian Summer Monsoon on Aerosol Loading in East Asia[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology&Climatology,50(3):523-533.
MA Y,LI Z Q,LI Z Z,et al.,2016.Validation of MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval over Mountains in Central China Based on a Sun-Sky Radiometer Site of SONET[J].Remote Sensing,8(2):644-645.
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MUNCHAK L A,LEVY R C,MATTOO S,et al.,2013.MODIS 3 km aerosol product:applications over land in an urban/suburban region[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,6(1):1683-1716.
NICHOL J,BILAL M,2016.Validation of MODIS 3 km Resolution Aerosol Optical Depth Retrievals Over Asia[J].Remote Sensing,8(4):328-336.
RAMACHANDRAN S,2007.Aerosol optical depth and fine mode fraction variations deduced from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)over four urban areas in India[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,112(D16):1-11.
POPE C A,EZZATI M,DOCKERY D W,2009.Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States[J].New England Journal of Medicine,360(4):376-386.
REMER L A,KAUFMAN Y J,TANRE D,et al.,2003.The MODIS aerosol algorithm,products and validation[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,62(4):947-973.
REMER L A,KLEIDMAN R G,LEVY R C,et al.,2008.Global aerosol climatology from the MODIS satellite sensors[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,113(D14):762-770.
REMER L A,MATTOO S,LEVY R C,et al.,2013.MODIS 3 km aerosol product:algorithm and global perspective[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,6(6):69-112.
SAYER A M,MUNCHAK L A,HSU N C,et al.,2015.MODIS Collection6 aerosol products:Comparison between Aqua's e-Deep Blue,Dark Target,and“merged”data sets,and usage recommendations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,119(24):13,965-913,989.
SCHWARTZ J,DOCKERY D W,NEAS L M,1996.Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles?[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,46(10):927-939.
STREETS D G,BOND T C,CARMICHAEL G R,et al.,2003.An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year2000[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,108(21):GTE30-31.
STREETS D G,YU C,WU Y,et al.,2008.Aerosol trends over China,1980-2000[J].Atmospheric Research,88(2):174-182.
TAN C H,ZHAO T L,XU X F,et al.,2015.Climatic analysis of satellite aerosol data on variations of submicron aerosols over East China[J].Atmospheric Environment,123(6):392-398.
WANG L L,ZHANG N,LIU Z R,et al.,2015.The Influence of Climate Factors,Meteorological Conditions,and Boundary-Layer Structure on Severe Haze Pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region during January 2013[J].Advances in Meteorology,2014(7):1-14.
XIE Y,ZHANG Y,XIONG X X,et al.,2011.Validation of MODIS aerosol optical depth product over China using CARSNET measurements[J].Atmospheric Environment,45(33):5970-5978.
ZHENG X Y,FU Y F,YANG Y J,et al.,2015.Impacts of atmospheric circulations on aerosol distributions in autumn over eastern China:observational evidences[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics Discussions,15(3):3285-3325.
陈卓,刘峻峰,陶玮,等,2016.中国地区二次有机气溶胶的时空分布特征和来源分析[J].环境科学,37(8):2815-2822.CHEN Z,LIU J F,TAO W,et al.,2016.Spatiotemporal Distribution and Source Attribution of SOA in China[J].Environmental Science,37(8):2815-2822.
董自鹏,余兴,李星敏,等,2014.基于MODIS数据的陕西省气溶胶光学厚度变化趋势与成因分析[J].科学通报,59(3):306-316.DONG Z P,YU X,LI X M,et al.,2014.Analysis of variation trends and causes of aerosol optical depth in Shaanxi Province using MODISdata[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,59(3):4486-4496.
段旭,段玮,邢冬,等,2018.冬春季昆明准静止锋与云贵高原地形的关系[J].高原气象,37(1):137-147.DUAN X,DUAN W,XING D,et al.,2018.The relationship between Kunming quasi-stationary front and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau terrain[J].Plateau Meteorology,37(1):137-147.
李晓静,张鹏,张兴赢,等,2009.中国区域MODIS陆上气溶胶光学厚度产品检验[J].应用气象学报,20(2):147-156.LI X J,ZHANG P,ZHANG X Y,et al.,2009.Validation of Aerosol Optical Thickness Product over China with MODIS Data Operated at NSMC[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,20(2):147-156.
林俊,刘卫,李燕,等,2009.大气气溶胶粒径分布特征与气象条件的相关性分析[J].气象与环境学报,25(1):1-5.LIN J,LIU W,LI Y,et al.,2009.Relationship between Meteorological conditons and particle size distribution of atmospheric aerosols[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,25(1):1-5.
罗宇翔,陈娟,郑小波,等,2012.近10年中国大陆MODIS遥感气溶胶光学厚度特征[J].生态环境学报,21(5):876-883.LUO Y X,CHEN J,ZHENG X B,et al.,2012.Climatology of aerosol optical depth over China from recent 10 years of MODIS remote sensing data[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,21(5):876-883.
罗运阔,陈尊裕,张轶男,等,2010.中国南部四背景地区春季大气碳质气溶胶特征与来源[J].中国环境科学,30(11):1543-1549.LUO Y K,CHEN Z Y,ZHANG T N,et al.,2010.Characteristics and sources of carbonaceous aerosols in spring at four background sites in South China[J].China Environmental Science,30(11):1543-1549.
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