保温隔热油管在地面常温集油工艺中的研究与应用
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摘要
为了有效利用油田的地热资源,实现油田地面常温集输,进行了保温隔热油管技术研究。该技术是在普通油管外壁包裹一层保温材料及保护层,充分利用地层热能,减少原油在举升过程中的热能损失,提高井口出油温度。在井口温度提高的同时,结合地面工艺简化优化,按照对井组远端井升温串接低温井的原则,筛选单井进行分析计算并应用,历经了理论研究、先导试验、示范区建设等阶段,该技术现已成熟应用12口井,井口温度平均提高14.9℃,对应的地面井组实现了常温集输进站,取消了原先的三管伴热工艺流程,年节约燃料油800 t。保温隔热油管的成功应用,实现了油井不洗井、不使用化学药剂清防蜡的日常维护方式,地面常温输送进站的工艺变革,对油田全生命周期低成本高效环保开采具有重要意义。
In order to effectively use the geothermal resources in oilfields and realize the utilization of geothermal resources to the safeguard the surface gathering and transportation in oilfields under normal temperature, the heat-insulated tubing technology is studied and applied. The technology puts a layer of insulation materials and a protective layer outside the ordinary tubing wall and makes full use of formation thermal energy to reduce the heat loss of crude oil in the lifting process and improve the wellhead temperature. And at the same time,combining with the simplification and optimization of surface process, according to the principle of putting remote wells and low-temperature wells group wells in series in one well group, single wells are selected to be analyzed, calculated and applied. Through phases such as theoretical research, pilot test and demonstration area construction, the technology is now maturely applied in 12 wells, and the wellhead temperature on average increases by 14.9℃. The corresponding surface well group has realized gathering and transportation under normal temperature,cancelled the original three-tube heat tracing process,and saved 800 tons of fuel oil per year. The successful application of heat-insulated tubing has realized the daily maintenance of oil well without well washing and chemical prevention and the technological transformation of surface gathering and transportation under normal temperature, and has great significance for the green extraction with low cost and high efficiency in oilfield full life cycle.
In order to effectively use the geothermal resources in oilfields and realize the utilization of geothermal resources to the safeguard the surface gathering and transportation in oilfields under normal temperature, the heat-insulated tubing technology is studied and applied. The technology puts a layer of insulation materials and a protective layer outside the ordinary tubing wall and makes full use of formation thermal energy to reduce the heat loss of crude oil in the lifting process and improve the wellhead temperature. And at the same time,combining with the simplification and optimization of surface process, according to the principle of putting remote wells and low-temperature wells group wells in series in one well group, single wells are selected to be analyzed, calculated and applied. Through phases such as theoretical research, pilot test and demonstration area construction, the technology is now maturely applied in 12 wells, and the wellhead temperature on average increases by 14.9℃. The corresponding surface well group has realized gathering and transportation under normal temperature,cancelled the original three-tube heat tracing process,and saved 800 tons of fuel oil per year. The successful application of heat-insulated tubing has realized the daily maintenance of oil well without well washing and chemical prevention and the technological transformation of surface gathering and transportation under normal temperature, and has great significance for the green extraction with low cost and high efficiency in oilfield full life cycle.
引文
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[9]卫栋,夏季秋.油管隔热层基础结构对视导热系数影响[J].石油矿场机械,2013,42(4):61-63.WEI Dong,XIA Jiqiu.The effect of tubing insulation base structure on apparent thermal conductivity[J].Oil Field Machinery,2013,42(4):61-63.
[10]刘红英,黄善波.隔热油管接箍对井筒热损失的影响与修正[J].特种油气藏,2009,16(5):97-100.LIU Hongying,HUANG Shanbo.Effect of heat insulation tubing coupling on wellbore heat loss and its correction[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoir,2009,16(5):97-100.
[2]李丹,马贵阳,杜明俊,等.集输管道油气水三相流型识别数值模拟[J].油气储运,2012,31(7):530-532.LI Dan,MA Guiyang,DU Mingjun,et al.Numerical simulation of oil-gas-water three-phase flow pattern recognition in gathering pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(7):530-532.
[3]王国栋,王春升,张明,等.海上稠油长距离保温输送管线关键设计参数选取及计算[J].油气田地面工程,2017,36(6):57-60.WANG Guodong,WANG Chunsheng,ZHANG Ming,et al.Selection and calculation of key design parameters of offshore heavy oil long-distance insulation pipeline[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2017,36(6):57-60.
[4]梁光川,程圆晶,马培红,等.集输管道效率分析方法及节能研究[J].天然气与石油,2010,29(5):6-8.LIANG Guangchuan,CHENG Yuanjing,MA Peihong,et al.Study on efficiency analysis method and energy saving of gathering and transportation pipeline[J].Natual Gas and Oil,2010,29(5):6-8.
[5]南松玉.油气集输系统能耗分析试验及节能对策[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2012.NAN Songyu.Energy consumption analysis test and energy saving countermeasure of oil and gas gathering and transportation system[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2012.
[6]杨航征,韩晓旭.国外地热产业政策对发展关中盆地地热产业的启示[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2013,32(2):30-34.YANG Hangzheng,HAN Xiaoxu.The inspiration of foreign geothermal industrial policies to the development of geothermal industry in guanzhong basin[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2013,32(2):30-34.
[7]李克文,王磊,毛小平,等.油田伴生地热资源评价与高效开发[J].科技导报,2012,30(32):32-41.LI Kewen,WANG Lei,MAO Xiaoping,et al.Evaluation and efficient exploitation of associated geothermal resources in oil fields[J].Science&Technology Review,2012,30(32):32-41.
[8]赵从楷.提高隔热油管机械寿命的有效设计[J].石油机械,1994,22(9):11-17.ZHAO Congkai.Effective design for increasing mechanical life of insulated tubing[J].Petroleum Machinery,1994,22(9):11-17.
[9]卫栋,夏季秋.油管隔热层基础结构对视导热系数影响[J].石油矿场机械,2013,42(4):61-63.WEI Dong,XIA Jiqiu.The effect of tubing insulation base structure on apparent thermal conductivity[J].Oil Field Machinery,2013,42(4):61-63.
[10]刘红英,黄善波.隔热油管接箍对井筒热损失的影响与修正[J].特种油气藏,2009,16(5):97-100.LIU Hongying,HUANG Shanbo.Effect of heat insulation tubing coupling on wellbore heat loss and its correction[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoir,2009,16(5):97-100.