潜山复杂断裂描述技术——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷桩海地区为例
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摘要
渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷桩海地区前新生界潜山应力场复杂、正逆断层判识不准。通过探讨断裂演化的成因机制来判定断层的性质,研究不同性质断层的解释关键技术以准确描述断裂体系,归纳断裂发育样式以明确构造特征。研究表明,桩海地区先后经历了区域抬升—构造平稳—挤压—构造平稳—拉张—压扭—张扭等多期不同应力场作用,印支期、燕山晚期的2次挤压作用形成的逆冲构造奠定了潜山格局,喜马拉雅期的拉张走滑作用使潜山构造复杂化,形成逆断层为主、正断层为辅的断层解释方案。以叠前深度偏移资料为基础,应用地层厚度变化率导数和倾角导数法解释逆冲断层,切片断面联合法解释走滑断层,相干、蚂蚁体、三维可视化等多属性体融合法解释拉张断层。明确桩海地区古生界发育北北东走向逆断层和东西走向拉张断层,主要发育逆冲、负反转、走滑3种断层样式,呈现出复杂的"垒、堑"相间排列格局。
The Zhuanghai oil field is located in the north of the Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin. Drilling data illustrated that the pre-Tertiary formations of the Zhuanghai area are rich in oil. However,complicated structures developed in the pre-Tertiary formations with unclear fault directions and distributions,which made the exploration of the pre-Tertiary structures very difficult. The nature of faults was determined by considering the mechanism of fault evolution. The key techniques for the interpretation of faults of different natures were studied to accurately describe the fault system and deduce fault development patterns to define the structural features. The Zhuanghai area has experienced several stages of deformation,including regional uplift,stable structure,extrusion,stable structure,tension,tense-shearing and compresso-shearing. The tectonic compressions during the Indosinian and the late Yanshanian periods formed thrust tectonics,which laid the foundation for buried hills. The extensional strike-slips in the Himalayan period made the buried hills more complicated. A fault interpretation was made,mainly focusing on reversed faults. The derivative of stratigraphic thickness change rate and dip can be calculated to interpret reversed faults. Time slices and fault planes were combined to interpret strike-slip faults. Coherent cube,ant-colony and 3 D visualization were combined to interpret normal faults. The Paleozoic in the Zhuanghai area developed NNE-trending reverse faults and EW-trending extensional faults,with thrust,negative reversal and strike-slip fault types,showing a complex pattern of "barriers and depressions".
The Zhuanghai oil field is located in the north of the Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin. Drilling data illustrated that the pre-Tertiary formations of the Zhuanghai area are rich in oil. However,complicated structures developed in the pre-Tertiary formations with unclear fault directions and distributions,which made the exploration of the pre-Tertiary structures very difficult. The nature of faults was determined by considering the mechanism of fault evolution. The key techniques for the interpretation of faults of different natures were studied to accurately describe the fault system and deduce fault development patterns to define the structural features. The Zhuanghai area has experienced several stages of deformation,including regional uplift,stable structure,extrusion,stable structure,tension,tense-shearing and compresso-shearing. The tectonic compressions during the Indosinian and the late Yanshanian periods formed thrust tectonics,which laid the foundation for buried hills. The extensional strike-slips in the Himalayan period made the buried hills more complicated. A fault interpretation was made,mainly focusing on reversed faults. The derivative of stratigraphic thickness change rate and dip can be calculated to interpret reversed faults. Time slices and fault planes were combined to interpret strike-slip faults. Coherent cube,ant-colony and 3 D visualization were combined to interpret normal faults. The Paleozoic in the Zhuanghai area developed NNE-trending reverse faults and EW-trending extensional faults,with thrust,negative reversal and strike-slip fault types,showing a complex pattern of "barriers and depressions".
引文
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[11]郝晓红,晏玉环.深度域地震资料解释探讨[J].海洋石油,2014,34(2):20-24.HAO Xiaohong,YAN Yuhuan.Seismic data interpretation after PSDM in depth domain[J].Offshore Oil,2014,34(2):20-24.
[12]谭明友,刘福贵,董臣强,等.埕北30潜山构造演化与油气富集规律研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2):134-137.TAN Mingyou,LIU Fugui,DONG Chenqiang,et al.Study for evolution of CB30 buried hill structure and role of oil-gas accumulation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(2):134-137.
[13]邹娟,戴俊生,张丹丹,等.构造活动强度划分断陷盆地构造区划:以饶阳凹陷为例[J].石油学报,2014,35(2):294-302.ZOU Juan,DAI Junsheng,ZHANG Dandan,et al.Structural divisions of rift basin based on the intensity of tectonic activity:A case study from the Raoyang Sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(2):294-302.
[14]徐敏,梁虹.川东北高陡复杂构造区三维地震精细构造解释技术[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):197-202.XU Min,LIANG Hong.3D seismic fine structural interpretation technology in high-steep complicated area,northeast Sichuan Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):197-202.
[15]张明振,付瑾平,印兴耀.桩海地区的走滑和挤压构造特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(2):5-7.ZHANG Mingzhen,FU Jinping,YIN Xingyao.Characters of strikeslip and extrusion structure in Zhuanghai region[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(2):5-7.
[16]陈洁,董冬,邱明文.济阳坳陷内的负反转构造及其石油地质意义[J].石油实验地质,1999,21(3):201-206.CHEN Jie,DONG Dong,QIU Mingwen.Negative inversion structure in the Jiyang Depression and its petroleum geological significance[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1999,21(3):201-206.
[2]徐春华,王亚琳.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷凹隆结构类型及其对沉积的控制作用[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(5):587-592.XU Chunhua,WANG Yalin.Depression and apophysis structure type and its controls on deposition in the Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(5):587-592.
[3]赵锡奎,徐国强,罗志立,等.济阳坳陷前中生界潜山形成的构造过程与油气聚集规律[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(6):596-600.ZHAO Xikui,XU Guoqiang,LUO Zhili,et al.Structural process of buried hill formation and oil and gas accumulation law in PreMesozoic of Jiyang Depression,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2004,31(6):596-600.
[4]李欣,闫伟鹏,崔周旗,等.渤海湾盆地潜山油气藏勘探潜力与方向[J].石油实验地质,2012,34(2):140-144.LI Xin,YAN Weipeng,CUI Zhouqi,et al.Prospecting potential and targets of buried-hill oil and gas reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2012,34(2):140-144.
[5]谭明友,邴进营.金学新,等.山东北部滨海地区负反转断层及古生界负反转结构成因分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(6):844-850.TAN Mingyou,BING Jinying,JIN Xuexin,et al.Origin analyses of both negative inversion faults and negative inversion structures in Palaeozoic Group in coastal region of north Shandong Province[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1996,31(6):844-850.
[6]彭传圣,林会喜,刘华,等.渤海湾盆地构造演化与古生界原生油气成藏[J].高校地质学报,2008,14(2):206-216.PENG Chuansheng,LIN Huixi,LIU Hua,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Bohai Bay basin and the Palaeozoic original oil and gas reservoirs[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2008,14(2):206-216.
[7]林会喜,方旭庆,李凌,等.鲁北济阳坳陷沾化凹陷东部潜山的发育及油气成藏控制因素[J].地质通报,2006,25(9-10):1160-1167.LIN Huixi,FANG Xuqing,LI Ling,et al.Development of buried hills of the eastern Zhanhua Subbasin,Jiyang Depression,northern Shandong,China and controlling factors of the formation of petroleum accumulations[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(9-10):1160-1167.
[8]杨品荣,陈洁,蔡进功,等.济阳坳陷构造转型期及其石油地质意义[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(3):5-7.YANG Pinrong,CHEN Jie,CAI Jingong,et al.Structural transitional stages in Jiyang Depression and their significance on petroleum geology[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2001,8(3):5-7.
[9]周廷全,陈俊侠.济阳坳陷桩西古潜山储层裂缝的分形特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(5):1-5.ZHOU Tingquan,CHEN Junxia.Fractal characteristics of fracture in Zhuangxi buried-hill reservoir,Jiyang Depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2011,35(5):1-5.
[10]王毅,陆克政,任安身.济阳坳陷东北部中生代构造运动和火山活动及盆地演化[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(2):1-8.WANG Yi,LU Kezheng,REN Anshen.Tectogenesis and volcanism and the basin evolution of the Mesozoic Era in the northeast of Jiyang Depression[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,1994,18(2):1-8.
[11]郝晓红,晏玉环.深度域地震资料解释探讨[J].海洋石油,2014,34(2):20-24.HAO Xiaohong,YAN Yuhuan.Seismic data interpretation after PSDM in depth domain[J].Offshore Oil,2014,34(2):20-24.
[12]谭明友,刘福贵,董臣强,等.埕北30潜山构造演化与油气富集规律研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2):134-137.TAN Mingyou,LIU Fugui,DONG Chenqiang,et al.Study for evolution of CB30 buried hill structure and role of oil-gas accumulation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(2):134-137.
[13]邹娟,戴俊生,张丹丹,等.构造活动强度划分断陷盆地构造区划:以饶阳凹陷为例[J].石油学报,2014,35(2):294-302.ZOU Juan,DAI Junsheng,ZHANG Dandan,et al.Structural divisions of rift basin based on the intensity of tectonic activity:A case study from the Raoyang Sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(2):294-302.
[14]徐敏,梁虹.川东北高陡复杂构造区三维地震精细构造解释技术[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):197-202.XU Min,LIANG Hong.3D seismic fine structural interpretation technology in high-steep complicated area,northeast Sichuan Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):197-202.
[15]张明振,付瑾平,印兴耀.桩海地区的走滑和挤压构造特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(2):5-7.ZHANG Mingzhen,FU Jinping,YIN Xingyao.Characters of strikeslip and extrusion structure in Zhuanghai region[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(2):5-7.
[16]陈洁,董冬,邱明文.济阳坳陷内的负反转构造及其石油地质意义[J].石油实验地质,1999,21(3):201-206.CHEN Jie,DONG Dong,QIU Mingwen.Negative inversion structure in the Jiyang Depression and its petroleum geological significance[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1999,21(3):201-206.