Effect of ethylene vinyl acetate content on the performance of VMD using HDPE co-blending membrane
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摘要
Membranes were fabricated with high-density polyethylene(HDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) blend through thermally induced phase separation and were then used for vacuum membrane distillation(VMD).The membranes were supported by nonwoven polyester fabric with a special cellular structure. Different membrane samples were obtained by adjusting the polymer concentration, HDPE/EVA weight ratio, and coagulation bath temperature. The membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis, contact angle test, and evaluation of porosity and pore size distribution. A series of VMD tests were conducted using aqueous NaCl solution(0.5 mol·L~(-1)) at a feed temperature of 65 ℃ and permeate side absolute pressure of 3 kPa. The membranes showed excellent performance in water permeation flux, salt rejection, and long-term stability. The HDPE/EVA co-blending membranes exhibited the largest permeation flux of 23.87 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1) and benign salt rejection of ≥99.9%.
Membranes were fabricated with high-density polyethylene(HDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) blend through thermally induced phase separation and were then used for vacuum membrane distillation(VMD).The membranes were supported by nonwoven polyester fabric with a special cellular structure. Different membrane samples were obtained by adjusting the polymer concentration, HDPE/EVA weight ratio, and coagulation bath temperature. The membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis, contact angle test, and evaluation of porosity and pore size distribution. A series of VMD tests were conducted using aqueous NaCl solution(0.5 mol·L~(-1)) at a feed temperature of 65 ℃ and permeate side absolute pressure of 3 kPa. The membranes showed excellent performance in water permeation flux, salt rejection, and long-term stability. The HDPE/EVA co-blending membranes exhibited the largest permeation flux of 23.87 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1) and benign salt rejection of ≥99.9%.
Membranes were fabricated with high-density polyethylene(HDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) blend through thermally induced phase separation and were then used for vacuum membrane distillation(VMD).The membranes were supported by nonwoven polyester fabric with a special cellular structure. Different membrane samples were obtained by adjusting the polymer concentration, HDPE/EVA weight ratio, and coagulation bath temperature. The membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis, contact angle test, and evaluation of porosity and pore size distribution. A series of VMD tests were conducted using aqueous NaCl solution(0.5 mol·L~(-1)) at a feed temperature of 65 ℃ and permeate side absolute pressure of 3 kPa. The membranes showed excellent performance in water permeation flux, salt rejection, and long-term stability. The HDPE/EVA co-blending membranes exhibited the largest permeation flux of 23.87 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1) and benign salt rejection of ≥99.9%.
引文
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[25]E.Shokri,R.Yegani,S.Heidari,Z.Shoeyb,Effect of PE-g-MA compatibilizer on the structure and performance of HDPE/EVA blend membranes fabricated via TIPSmethod,Chem.Eng.Res.Des.100(2015)237-247.
[26]Y.Chen,H.Zou,M.Liang,Y.Cao,Melting and crystallization behavior of partially miscible high density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer(HDPE/EVA)blends,Thermochim.Acta 586(2014)1-8.
[27]N.Tang,C.Feng,H.Han,X.Hua,L.Zhang,J.Xiang,P.Cheng,W.Du,X.Wang,High permeation flux polypropylene/ethylene vinyl acetate co-blending membranes via thermally induced phase separation for vacuum membrane distillation desalination,Desalination394(2016)44-55.
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[31]H.P.Xu,W.Z.Lang,X.Yan,X.Zhang,Y.J.Guo,Preparation andcharacterizations ofpoly(vinylidene fluoride)/oxidized multi-wall carbon nanotube membranes with bicontinuous structure by thermally induced phase separation method,J.Membr.Sci.467(2014)142-152.
[32]J.Wang,L.Zheng,Z.Wu,Y.Zhang,X.Zhang,Fabrication of hydrophobic flat sheet and hollow fiber membranes from PVDF and PVDF-CTFE for membrane distillation,J.Membr.Sci.497(2016)183-193.
[33]Y.Zhao,Z.Xu,M.Shan,C.Min,B.Zhou,Y.Li,B.Li,L.Liu,X.Qian,Effect of graphite oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and performance of PVDFmembranes,Sep.Purif.Technol.103(2013)78-83.
[34]Z.Cui,N.T.Hassankiadeh,S.Y.Lee,J.M.Lee,K.T.Woo,A.Sanguineti,V.Arcella,Y.M.Lee,E.Drioli,Poly(vinylidene fluoride)membrane preparation with an environmental diluentvia thermallyinducedphaseseparation,J.Membr.Sci.444(2013)223-236.
[35]W.T.Xu,Z.P.Zhao,M.Liu,K.C.Chen,Morphological and hydrophobic modifica tions of PVDF flat membrane with silane coupling agent grafting via plasma flow for VMD of ethanol-watermixture,J.Membr.Sci.491(2015)110-120.
[36]S.Simone,A.Figoli,A.Criscuoli,M.C.Carnevale,A.Rosselli,E.Drioli,Preparation of hollow fibre membranes from PVDF/PVP blends and their application in VMD,J.Membr.Sci.364(2010)219-232.
[2]H.Liu,J.Liu,Q.Zhou,J.Wang,Novel polymer electrolyte based on PVDF/HDPEblending for lithium-ion battery,Mater.Lett.99(2013)164-167.
[3]J.L.Shi,L.F.Fang,H.Li,Z.Y.Liang,B.K.Zhu,L.P.Zhu,Enhanced performance of modified HDPE separators generated from surface enrichment of polyether chains for lithium ion secondary battery,J.Membr.Sci.429(2013)355-363.
[4]C.Zhang,Y.Bai,Y.Sun,J.Gu,Y.Xu,Preparation of hydrophilic HDPE porous membranes via thermally induced phase separation by blending of amphiphilic PE-bPEG copolymer,J.Membr.Sci.365(2010)216-224.
[5]A.Akbari,R.Yegani,B.Pourabbas,A.Behboudi,Fabrication and study of fouling characteristics of HDPE/PEG grafted silica nanoparticles composite membrane for filtration of humic acid,Chem.Eng.Res.Des.109(2016)282-296.
[6]S.Rastogi,Y.Yao,S.Ronca,J.Bos,J.V.D.Eem,Unprecedented high-modulus highstrength tapes and films of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene via solventfree route,Macromolecules 44(2011)5558-5568.
[7]N.J.A.Gerrits,R.J.Young,P.J.Lemstra,Tensile properties of biaxially drawn polyethylene,Polymer 31(1990)231-236.
[8]M.Mulder,Basic principles of membrane technology,Z.Phys.Chem.203(1998)263-263.
[9]Y.Song,Z.Wang,Q.Wang,B.Li,B.Zhong,Preparation of PVDF/CaCO3hybrid hollow fiber membranes for direct contact membrane distillation through TIPS method,J.Appl.Polym.Sci.133(2016)43372.
[10]H.Matsuyama,M.-m.Kim,D.R.Lloyd,Effect of extraction and drying on the structure of microporous polyethylene membranes prepared via thermally induced phase separation,J.Membr.Sci.204(2002)413-419.
[11]H.Matsuyama,H.Okafuji,T.Maki,M.Teramoto,N.Kubota,Preparation of polyethylene hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation,J.Membr.Sci.223(2003)119-126.
[12]H.Ding,T.Ye,L.Wang,B.Liu,Preparation of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene membranes via a thermally induced phase-separation method,J.Appl.Polym.Sci.105(2010)3355-3362.
[13]M.Wei-Fang,G.Hao,H.Dong-Mei,Research on the effects of modified HDPE for wastewater treatment,Adv.Mater.Res.1010-1012(2014)532-536.
[14]H.Liao,H.Hong,H.Zhang,Z.Li,Preparation of hydrophilic polyethylene/methylcellulose blend microporous membranes for separator of lithium-ion batteries,J.Membr.Sci.498(2016)147-157.
[15]H.Guo,C.Geng,Z.Qin,C.Chen,Hydrophilic modification of HDPE microfiltration membrane by corona-induced graft polymerization,Desalin.Water Treat.51(2013)3810-3813.
[16]S.Simone,A.Figoli,A.Criscuoli,M.C.Carnevale,S.M.Alfadul,H.S.Al-Romaih,F.S.Al Shabouna,O.A.Al-Harbi,E.Drioli,Effect of selected spinning parameters on PVDFhollow fiber morphology for potential application in desalination by VMD,Desalination 344(2014)28-35.
[17]F.Heidarpour,J.Shi,S.R.Chae,Recycling of coal seam gas-associated water using vacuum membrane distillation,Water Sci.Technol.72(2015)908-916.
[18]T.Jiricek,W.De Schepper,T.Lederer,P.Cauwenberg,I.Genne,Recovery of salts from ion-exchange regeneration streams by a coupled nanofiltration-membrane distillation process,Water Sci.Technol.72(2015)252-259.
[19]Z.Chen,D.Rana,T.Matsuura,D.Meng,C.Q.Lan,Study on structure and vacuum membrane distillation performance of PVDF membranes:II.Infl uence of molecular weight,Chem.Eng.J.276(2015)174-184.
[20]Y.Yang,D.Rana,T.Matsuura,C.Q.Lan,The heat and mass transfer of vacuum membrane distillation:Effect of active layer morphology with and without support material,Sep.Purif.Technol.164(2016)56-62.
[21]M.Qtaishat,M.Khayet,T.Matsuura,Guidelines for preparation of higher flux hydrophobic/hydrophilic composite membranes for membrane distillation,J.Membr.Sci.329(2009)193-200.
[22]A.Alkhudhiri,N.Darwish,N.Hilal,Membrane distillation:A comprehensive review,Desalination 287(2012)2-18.
[23]J.Ge,Y.Peng,Z.Li,P.Chen,S.Wang,Membrane fouling and wetting in a DCMD process for RO brine concentration,Desalination 344(2014)97-107.
[24]S.Goh,J.Zhang,Y.Liu,A.G.Fane,Fouling and wetting in membrane distillation(MD)and MD-bioreactor(MDBR)for wastewater reclamation,Desalination 323(2013)39-47.
[25]E.Shokri,R.Yegani,S.Heidari,Z.Shoeyb,Effect of PE-g-MA compatibilizer on the structure and performance of HDPE/EVA blend membranes fabricated via TIPSmethod,Chem.Eng.Res.Des.100(2015)237-247.
[26]Y.Chen,H.Zou,M.Liang,Y.Cao,Melting and crystallization behavior of partially miscible high density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer(HDPE/EVA)blends,Thermochim.Acta 586(2014)1-8.
[27]N.Tang,C.Feng,H.Han,X.Hua,L.Zhang,J.Xiang,P.Cheng,W.Du,X.Wang,High permeation flux polypropylene/ethylene vinyl acetate co-blending membranes via thermally induced phase separation for vacuum membrane distillation desalination,Desalination394(2016)44-55.
[28]Z.Q.Dong,X.H.Ma,Z.L.Xu,W.T.You,F.B.Li,Superhydrophobic PVDF-PTFEelectrospun nanobrous membranes for desalination by vacuum membrane distil lation,Desalination 347(2014)175-183.
[29]I.J.Roh,S.Ramaswamy,W.B.Krantz,A.R.Greenberg,Poly(ethylene chlorotrif luoroethylene)membrane formationvia thermallyinducedphase separation(TIPS),J.Membr.Sci.362(2010)211-220.
[30]M.Gryta,Influence of polypropylene membrane surface porosity on the performance of membrane distillation process,J.Membr.Sci.287(2007)67-78.
[31]H.P.Xu,W.Z.Lang,X.Yan,X.Zhang,Y.J.Guo,Preparation andcharacterizations ofpoly(vinylidene fluoride)/oxidized multi-wall carbon nanotube membranes with bicontinuous structure by thermally induced phase separation method,J.Membr.Sci.467(2014)142-152.
[32]J.Wang,L.Zheng,Z.Wu,Y.Zhang,X.Zhang,Fabrication of hydrophobic flat sheet and hollow fiber membranes from PVDF and PVDF-CTFE for membrane distillation,J.Membr.Sci.497(2016)183-193.
[33]Y.Zhao,Z.Xu,M.Shan,C.Min,B.Zhou,Y.Li,B.Li,L.Liu,X.Qian,Effect of graphite oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and performance of PVDFmembranes,Sep.Purif.Technol.103(2013)78-83.
[34]Z.Cui,N.T.Hassankiadeh,S.Y.Lee,J.M.Lee,K.T.Woo,A.Sanguineti,V.Arcella,Y.M.Lee,E.Drioli,Poly(vinylidene fluoride)membrane preparation with an environmental diluentvia thermallyinducedphaseseparation,J.Membr.Sci.444(2013)223-236.
[35]W.T.Xu,Z.P.Zhao,M.Liu,K.C.Chen,Morphological and hydrophobic modifica tions of PVDF flat membrane with silane coupling agent grafting via plasma flow for VMD of ethanol-watermixture,J.Membr.Sci.491(2015)110-120.
[36]S.Simone,A.Figoli,A.Criscuoli,M.C.Carnevale,A.Rosselli,E.Drioli,Preparation of hollow fibre membranes from PVDF/PVP blends and their application in VMD,J.Membr.Sci.364(2010)219-232.