“Exploring petroleum inside source kitchen”: Connotation and prospects of source rock oil and gas
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摘要
Based on the transitional background of the global energy structure, exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas, and investigation of key basins, the unconventional oil and gas resources are divided into three types: source rock oil and gas, tight oil and gas, and retention and accumulated oil and gas. Source rock oil and gas resources are the global strategic supplies of oil and gas, the key resource components in the second 150-year life cycle of the future petroleum industry, and the primary targets for "exploring petroleum inside source kitchen". The geological connotation of source rock oil and gas was proposed, and the models of source rock oil and gas generation, expulsion and accumulation were built, and five source rock oil and gas generation sections were identified, which may determine the actual resource potential under available technical conditions. The formation mechanism of the "sweet sections" was investigated, that is, shale oil is mainly accumulated in the shale section that is close to the oil generation section and has higher porosity and permeability, while the "sweet sections" of coal-bed methane(CBM) and shale gas have self-contained source and reservoir and they are absorbed in coal seams or retained in the organic-rich black shale section, so evaluation and selection of good "sweet areas(sections)" is the key to "exploring petroleum inside source kitchen". Source rock oil and gas resources have a great potential and will experience a substantial growth for over ten world-class large "coexistence basins" of conventional-unconventional oil and gas in the future following North America, and also will be the primary contributor to oil stable development and the growth point of natural gas production in China, with expected contribution of 15% and 30% to oil and gas, respectively, in 2030. Challenges in source rock oil and gas development should be paid more attention to, theoretical innovation is strongly recommended, and a development pilot zone can be established to strengthen technology and promote national support. The source rock oil and gas geology is the latest progress of the "source control theory" at the stage of unconventional oil and gas. It will provide a new theoretical basis for the new journey of the upstream business in the post-industry age.
Based on the transitional background of the global energy structure, exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas, and investigation of key basins, the unconventional oil and gas resources are divided into three types: source rock oil and gas, tight oil and gas, and retention and accumulated oil and gas. Source rock oil and gas resources are the global strategic supplies of oil and gas, the key resource components in the second 150-year life cycle of the future petroleum industry, and the primary targets for "exploring petroleum inside source kitchen". The geological connotation of source rock oil and gas was proposed, and the models of source rock oil and gas generation, expulsion and accumulation were built, and five source rock oil and gas generation sections were identified, which may determine the actual resource potential under available technical conditions. The formation mechanism of the "sweet sections" was investigated, that is, shale oil is mainly accumulated in the shale section that is close to the oil generation section and has higher porosity and permeability, while the "sweet sections" of coal-bed methane(CBM) and shale gas have self-contained source and reservoir and they are absorbed in coal seams or retained in the organic-rich black shale section, so evaluation and selection of good "sweet areas(sections)" is the key to "exploring petroleum inside source kitchen". Source rock oil and gas resources have a great potential and will experience a substantial growth for over ten world-class large "coexistence basins" of conventional-unconventional oil and gas in the future following North America, and also will be the primary contributor to oil stable development and the growth point of natural gas production in China, with expected contribution of 15% and 30% to oil and gas, respectively, in 2030. Challenges in source rock oil and gas development should be paid more attention to, theoretical innovation is strongly recommended, and a development pilot zone can be established to strengthen technology and promote national support. The source rock oil and gas geology is the latest progress of the "source control theory" at the stage of unconventional oil and gas. It will provide a new theoretical basis for the new journey of the upstream business in the post-industry age.
Based on the transitional background of the global energy structure, exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas, and investigation of key basins, the unconventional oil and gas resources are divided into three types: source rock oil and gas, tight oil and gas, and retention and accumulated oil and gas. Source rock oil and gas resources are the global strategic supplies of oil and gas, the key resource components in the second 150-year life cycle of the future petroleum industry, and the primary targets for "exploring petroleum inside source kitchen". The geological connotation of source rock oil and gas was proposed, and the models of source rock oil and gas generation, expulsion and accumulation were built, and five source rock oil and gas generation sections were identified, which may determine the actual resource potential under available technical conditions. The formation mechanism of the "sweet sections" was investigated, that is, shale oil is mainly accumulated in the shale section that is close to the oil generation section and has higher porosity and permeability, while the "sweet sections" of coal-bed methane(CBM) and shale gas have self-contained source and reservoir and they are absorbed in coal seams or retained in the organic-rich black shale section, so evaluation and selection of good "sweet areas(sections)" is the key to "exploring petroleum inside source kitchen". Source rock oil and gas resources have a great potential and will experience a substantial growth for over ten world-class large "coexistence basins" of conventional-unconventional oil and gas in the future following North America, and also will be the primary contributor to oil stable development and the growth point of natural gas production in China, with expected contribution of 15% and 30% to oil and gas, respectively, in 2030. Challenges in source rock oil and gas development should be paid more attention to, theoretical innovation is strongly recommended, and a development pilot zone can be established to strengthen technology and promote national support. The source rock oil and gas geology is the latest progress of the "source control theory" at the stage of unconventional oil and gas. It will provide a new theoretical basis for the new journey of the upstream business in the post-industry age.
引文
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[10]ZHAO Wenzhi,HU Suyun,HOU Lianhua.Connotation and strategic role of in-situ conversion processing of shale oil underground in the onshore China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):537-545.
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[15]DAI Jinxing,NI Yunyan,WU Xiaoqi.Tight gas in China and its significance in exploration and exploitation.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):257-264.
[16]HAO F,ZOU H Y,LU Y C.Mechanisms of shale gas storage:Implications for shale gas exploration in China.AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(8):1325-1346.
[17]HU Q H,ZHANG Y X,MENG X H,et al.Characterization of micro-nano pore networks in shale oil reservoirs of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongying Sag of Bohai Bay Basin,East China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(5):681-690.
[18]LOUCKS R G,RUPPEL S C.Mississippian Barnett Shale:Lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas.AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601.
[19]NELSON P H.Pore-throat sizes in sandstones,tight sandstones and shales.AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(8):329-340.
[20]ZHANG T W,WANG X Z,ZHANG J F,et al.Geochemical evidence for oil and gas expulsion in Triassic lacustrine organic-rich mudstone,Ordos Basin,China.Interpretation,2017,5(2):41-61.
[21]JIN Zhijun,HU Zongquan,GAO Bo,et al.Controlling factors on the enrichment and high productivity of shale gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations,southeastern Sichuan Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):1-10.
[22]LU Shuangfang,HUANG Wenbiao,CHEN Fangwen,et al.Classification and evaluation criteria of shale oil and gas resources:Discussion and application.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):249-256.
[23]QIU Nansheng,XU Wei,ZUO Yinhui,et al.Characteristics of Meso-Cenozoic thermal regimes in typical estern and western sedimentary basins of China.Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(3):13-16.
[24]HAN Y,HORSFIELD B,WIRTH R,et al.Oil retention and porosity evolution in organic-rich shales.AAPG Bulletin,2017,101(6):807-827.
[25]HAN Y,MAHLSTEDT N,HORSFIELD B.The Barnett Shale:Compositional fractionation associated with intraformational petroleum migration,retention,and expulsion.AAPG Bulletin,2015,99(12):2173-2202.
[26]ZHANG Jinchuan,XU Bo,NIE Haikuan,et al.Exploration potential of shale gas resources in China.Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(6):136-140.
[27]ZOU Caineng,YANG Zhi,TAO Shizhen,et al.Nano-hydrocarbon and the accumulation in coexisting source and reservoir.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):13-26.
[28]ZOU Caineng,YANG Zhi,CUI Jingwei,et al.Formation mechanism,geological characteristics and development strategy of nonmarine shale oil in China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(1):14-26.
[29]YANG Zhi,HOU Lianhua,TAO Shizhen,et al.Formation condition and“sweet spot”evaluation of tight oil and shale oil.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):556-565.
[30]ZHAO Wenzhi,WANG Hongjun,CAO Hong,et al.Large scale accumulation theory and exploration&development technology of natural gas resources with low and medium abundance in China.Beijing:Science Publishing House,2013.
[31]SONG Yan,LIU Honglin,LIU Shaobo,et al.Coal-bed gas reservoir geology.Beijing:Science Publishing House,2010.
[32]LI Jian,MA Wei,WANG Yifeng,et al.Modeling of the whole hydrocarbon-generating process of sapropelic source rock.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(3):445-454.
[33]QIN Jianzhong,LIU Baoquan.Study on the models of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from various source rocks in coal-bearing environments.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2003,25(6):758-764.
[34]MA Zhongliang,ZHENG Lunju,YU Xiaolu,et al.Effective oil expulsion threshold of argillaceous source rocks and geological significance of shale oil.Journal of China University of Petroleum,2018,42(1):32-39.
[35]KO L T,LOUCKS R G,ZHANG T,et al.Pore and pore network evolution of Upper Cretaceous Boquillas(Eagle Fordequivalent)mudstones:Results from gold tube pyrolysis experiments.AAPG Bulletin,2016,100(11):1693-1722.
[36]MILLIKEN K L,RUDNICKI M,AWWILLER N D,et al.Organic matter-hosted pore system,Marcellus formation(Devonian),Pennsylvania.AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(2):177-200.
[37]HU Chaoyuan.Source bed controls hydrocarbon habitat in continental basins,east China.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982,3(2):9-13.
[38]HU Chaoyuan.Research on the appliance extent of“source control theory”by semi-quantitative statistics characteristics of oil and gas migration distance.Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(10):1-3.
[39]JIA Chengzao,ZOU Caineng,YANG Zhi,et al.Significant progress of continental petroleum geology theory in basins of Central and Western China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):1-15.
[2]YERGIN D.The quest:Energy,security,and the remaking of the modern world.NIU Yuben,YAN Zhimin,Trans.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[3]BP.Statistical review of world energy 2018.London:BP Distribution Services,2018.
[4]ZOU Caineng,TAO Shizhen,HOU Lianhua,et al.Unconventional petroleum geology.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2014.
[5]JIA Chengzao.Breakthrough and significance of unconventional oil and gas to classical petroleum geology theory.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):1-11.
[6]ZHAI Guangming.Speculations on the exploration and development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources.Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(12):1-3.
[7]TONG Xiaoguang,ZHANG Guangya,WANG Zhaoming,et al.Distribution and potential of global oil and gas resources.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):1-10.
[8]DAI Jinxing,NI Yunyan,HUANG Shipeng,et al.Genetic types of gas hydrates in China.Petroleum Exploration&Development,2017,44(6):887-898.
[9]YANG Zhi,ZOU Caineng,FU Jinhua,et al.Selection of pilot areas for testing in-situ conversion/upgrading processing in lacustrine shale:A case study of Yanchang-7 member in Ordos Basin.Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering,2017,34(3):221-228.
[10]ZHAO Wenzhi,HU Suyun,HOU Lianhua.Connotation and strategic role of in-situ conversion processing of shale oil underground in the onshore China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):537-545.
[11]USGS.World petroleum assessment.(2013-01-01)[2013-03-01].http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-060.
[12]IEA.International energy outlook 2017.(2017-09-14)[2017-12-20].http://www.eia.gov/ieo.
[13]EIA.International energy outlook 2011.(2011-09-19)[2014-07-03].http://www.eia.gov/pressroom/presentations/howard_09192011.pdf.
[14]JARVIE D M.Shale resource systems for oil and gas:Part 2:Shale-oil resource systems:BREYER J A.Shale reservoirs:Giant resources for the 21st century.Tulsa:AAPG,2012:89-119.
[15]DAI Jinxing,NI Yunyan,WU Xiaoqi.Tight gas in China and its significance in exploration and exploitation.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):257-264.
[16]HAO F,ZOU H Y,LU Y C.Mechanisms of shale gas storage:Implications for shale gas exploration in China.AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(8):1325-1346.
[17]HU Q H,ZHANG Y X,MENG X H,et al.Characterization of micro-nano pore networks in shale oil reservoirs of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongying Sag of Bohai Bay Basin,East China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(5):681-690.
[18]LOUCKS R G,RUPPEL S C.Mississippian Barnett Shale:Lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas.AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601.
[19]NELSON P H.Pore-throat sizes in sandstones,tight sandstones and shales.AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(8):329-340.
[20]ZHANG T W,WANG X Z,ZHANG J F,et al.Geochemical evidence for oil and gas expulsion in Triassic lacustrine organic-rich mudstone,Ordos Basin,China.Interpretation,2017,5(2):41-61.
[21]JIN Zhijun,HU Zongquan,GAO Bo,et al.Controlling factors on the enrichment and high productivity of shale gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations,southeastern Sichuan Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):1-10.
[22]LU Shuangfang,HUANG Wenbiao,CHEN Fangwen,et al.Classification and evaluation criteria of shale oil and gas resources:Discussion and application.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):249-256.
[23]QIU Nansheng,XU Wei,ZUO Yinhui,et al.Characteristics of Meso-Cenozoic thermal regimes in typical estern and western sedimentary basins of China.Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(3):13-16.
[24]HAN Y,HORSFIELD B,WIRTH R,et al.Oil retention and porosity evolution in organic-rich shales.AAPG Bulletin,2017,101(6):807-827.
[25]HAN Y,MAHLSTEDT N,HORSFIELD B.The Barnett Shale:Compositional fractionation associated with intraformational petroleum migration,retention,and expulsion.AAPG Bulletin,2015,99(12):2173-2202.
[26]ZHANG Jinchuan,XU Bo,NIE Haikuan,et al.Exploration potential of shale gas resources in China.Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(6):136-140.
[27]ZOU Caineng,YANG Zhi,TAO Shizhen,et al.Nano-hydrocarbon and the accumulation in coexisting source and reservoir.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):13-26.
[28]ZOU Caineng,YANG Zhi,CUI Jingwei,et al.Formation mechanism,geological characteristics and development strategy of nonmarine shale oil in China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(1):14-26.
[29]YANG Zhi,HOU Lianhua,TAO Shizhen,et al.Formation condition and“sweet spot”evaluation of tight oil and shale oil.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):556-565.
[30]ZHAO Wenzhi,WANG Hongjun,CAO Hong,et al.Large scale accumulation theory and exploration&development technology of natural gas resources with low and medium abundance in China.Beijing:Science Publishing House,2013.
[31]SONG Yan,LIU Honglin,LIU Shaobo,et al.Coal-bed gas reservoir geology.Beijing:Science Publishing House,2010.
[32]LI Jian,MA Wei,WANG Yifeng,et al.Modeling of the whole hydrocarbon-generating process of sapropelic source rock.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(3):445-454.
[33]QIN Jianzhong,LIU Baoquan.Study on the models of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from various source rocks in coal-bearing environments.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2003,25(6):758-764.
[34]MA Zhongliang,ZHENG Lunju,YU Xiaolu,et al.Effective oil expulsion threshold of argillaceous source rocks and geological significance of shale oil.Journal of China University of Petroleum,2018,42(1):32-39.
[35]KO L T,LOUCKS R G,ZHANG T,et al.Pore and pore network evolution of Upper Cretaceous Boquillas(Eagle Fordequivalent)mudstones:Results from gold tube pyrolysis experiments.AAPG Bulletin,2016,100(11):1693-1722.
[36]MILLIKEN K L,RUDNICKI M,AWWILLER N D,et al.Organic matter-hosted pore system,Marcellus formation(Devonian),Pennsylvania.AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(2):177-200.
[37]HU Chaoyuan.Source bed controls hydrocarbon habitat in continental basins,east China.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982,3(2):9-13.
[38]HU Chaoyuan.Research on the appliance extent of“source control theory”by semi-quantitative statistics characteristics of oil and gas migration distance.Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(10):1-3.
[39]JIA Chengzao,ZOU Caineng,YANG Zhi,et al.Significant progress of continental petroleum geology theory in basins of Central and Western China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):1-15.