Fabrication of AA7005/TiB2-B4C surface composite by friction stir processing: Evaluation of ballistic behaviour
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摘要
The present work aims to enhance the ballistic resistance of AA7005 alloy by incorporating the TiB_2 and B_4C ceramic reinforcement particles. Surface composites with different weight fractions of TiB_2 and B_4C particles were processed by friction stir processing. Micro-hardness and depth of penetration tests were carried out to evaluate the ballistic properties of the surface composites. The surface hardness of the composite was found to be nearly 70 HV higher than base alloy. The depth of penetration of the steel projectile was 20-26 mm in the composites as compared to 37 mm in the base alloy. Ballistic mass efficiency factor of the surface composite was found to be 1.6 times higher than base alloy. This is mainly attributed to the dispersion strengthening from the reinforcement particles.
The present work aims to enhance the ballistic resistance of AA7005 alloy by incorporating the TiB_2 and B_4C ceramic reinforcement particles. Surface composites with different weight fractions of TiB_2 and B_4C particles were processed by friction stir processing. Micro-hardness and depth of penetration tests were carried out to evaluate the ballistic properties of the surface composites. The surface hardness of the composite was found to be nearly 70 HV higher than base alloy. The depth of penetration of the steel projectile was 20-26 mm in the composites as compared to 37 mm in the base alloy. Ballistic mass efficiency factor of the surface composite was found to be 1.6 times higher than base alloy. This is mainly attributed to the dispersion strengthening from the reinforcement particles.
The present work aims to enhance the ballistic resistance of AA7005 alloy by incorporating the TiB_2 and B_4C ceramic reinforcement particles. Surface composites with different weight fractions of TiB_2 and B_4C particles were processed by friction stir processing. Micro-hardness and depth of penetration tests were carried out to evaluate the ballistic properties of the surface composites. The surface hardness of the composite was found to be nearly 70 HV higher than base alloy. The depth of penetration of the steel projectile was 20-26 mm in the composites as compared to 37 mm in the base alloy. Ballistic mass efficiency factor of the surface composite was found to be 1.6 times higher than base alloy. This is mainly attributed to the dispersion strengthening from the reinforcement particles.
引文
[1]Totten GE,Mackenzie DS.Handbook of aluminum Volume 2 alloy production and materials manufacturing.New York:Marcel Dekker;2003.
[2]Takeuchi K,Isobe Y,Toyama T.Current status and future of aluminum materials and brazing for automobile heat exchangers.J Jpn Inst Light Metals1998;48(9):446e58.
[3]Gooch WA,Bukins MS,Squillacioti RJ.Ballistic testing of commercial aluminum alloys and alternate processing techniques to increase the availability of aluminum armor.In:23rd Int Symposium on Ballistics Spain,2;2007.p.981e8.
[4]Mazahery A,Shabani MO.Investigation on mechanical properties of nanoAl2O3reinforced aluminum matrix composites.J Compos Mater 2011;45(24):2579e86.
[5]Jahedi M,Mani B,Shakoorian S,Pourkhorshid E.Deformation rate effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al e SiC p composites consolidated by hot extrusion.Mater Sci Eng A 2012;556:23e30.
[6]Zhou S.Fabrication and tribological properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced Al composites prepared by pressureless infiltration technique.Composite Part A 2007;38:301e6.
[7]Shanmugsundaram T,Heilmaier M,Murty BS,Subramanya Sarma V.Microstructure and mechanical properties of nanostructured Al-4Cu alloy produced by mechanical alloying and vacuum hot pressing.Metall Mater Trans 2009;40:2798.
[8]Pyzik AJ,Aksay IA.Processing of ceramic and metal matrix composites.In:International symposium on advances in processing of ceramic and metal matrix composites New York;1989.p.269e76.
[9]Tofigh AA,Shabani MO.Efficient optimum solution for high strength Al alloys matrix composites.Ceram Int 2013;39:7483e90.
[10]Shabani MO,Rahimipour MR,Tofigh AA,Davami P.Refined microstructure of compo cast nanocomposites:the performance of combined neuro-computing,fuzzy logic and particle swarm techniques.Neural Comput Appl 2015;26:899e909.
[11]Ozsahin E,Suleyman T.On the comparison of the ballistic response of coated aluminum plates.Mater Des 2010;31:3188e93.
[12]Radin J,Goldsmith W.Normal projectile penetration and perforation of layered targets.Int J Impact Eng 1988;7(2):229e59.
[13]Ozsahin E,Tolun S.Influence of layer sequencing on ballistic resistance of polyethylene supported AA 7075 T651 plates.J Istanb Technol Univ2009;8(2):72e80.
[14]Yamanaka H,Shimizu S.Alloying of metals and carbides on an aluminium surface by electron beam welding.Weld Int 1998;12(2):160e4.
[15]Vreeling JA,Ocelik J,Pei YT,Van Agterveld DT,Hosson TM.Laser melt injection of ceramic particles in metals.Acta Mater 2000;48:4225e32.
[16]Grewal HS,Singh H,Agrawal Anupam.Microstructural and mechanical characterization of thermal sprayed nickelealumina composite coatings.Surf Coating Technol 2013;216:78e92.
[17]Mishra RS,Ma ZY,Charit I.Friction stir processing:a novel technique for fabrication of surface composite.Mater Sci Eng A 2003;341:307e10.
[18]Mishra RS,Mahoney MW,McFadden SX,Mara NA,Mukherjee AK.High strain rate superplasticity in a friction stir processed 7075 Al alloy.Scripta Mater1999;42:163e8.
[19]Sharma V,Prakash U,ManojKumar BV.Surface composites by friction stir processing:a review.J Mater Process Technol 2015;224:117e34.
[20]Li B,Shen Y,Luo L,Hu W.Fabrication of TiCp/Ti-6Al-4V surface composite via friction stir processing(FSP):process optimization,particle dispersionrefinement behavior and hardening mechanism.Mater Sci Eng 2013;574:75e85.
[21]Akramifard HR,Shamanian M,Sabbaghian M,Esmailzadeh M.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu/SiC metal matrix composite fabricated via friction stir processing.Mater Des 2014;54:838e44.
[22]Avettand-Feno€el MN,Simar A,Shabadi R,Taillard R.Characterization of oxide dispersion strengthened copper-based materials developed by friction stir processing.Mater Des 2014;60:343e57.
[23]Narayana Y,Sivanandam A,Vipin.Fabrication of Al5083/B4C surface composite by friction stir processing and its tribological characterization.J Mater Res Tech 2015;4(4):398e410.
[24]Suresh S,Shenbag N,Moorthi V.Aluminium titanium diboride metal matrix composites:challenges and opportunities.Procedia Engg 2012;38:89e97.
[25]Narimani M,Lotfi B,Sadeghian Z.Evaluation of the microstructure and wear behaviour of AA6063-B4C/TiB2mono and hybrid composite layers produced by friction stir processing.Surf Coating Technol 2016;285:1e10.
[26]Mazahery A,Shabani MO.Tribological behaviour of semisolidesemisolid compocast Ale Si matrix composites reinforced with TiB2 coated B4C particulates.Ceram Int 2012;38:1887e95.
[27]Mazahery A,Shabani MO.Existence of good bonding between coated B4Creinforcement and al matrix via semisolid techniques:enhancement of wear resistance and mechanical properties.Tribol Trans 2013;56:342e8.
[28]Madhu V,Bhat BT.Armour protection and affordable protection for futuristic combat vehicles.Defence Sci J 2011;61(4):394e402.
[29]Sudhakar I,Madhu V,Reddy GM,Srinivasa R.Enhancement of wear and ballistic resistance of armour grade AA7075 aluminium alloy using friction stir processing.Def Tech 2014;20:1e8.
[30]Kim YG,Fujii H,Tsumura T,Komazaki T,Nakata K.Three defect types in friction stir welding of aluminum die casting alloy.Mater Sci Eng 2006;415:250e4.
[31]Mishra RS,Ma ZY.Friction stir welding and processing.Mater Sci Eng R2005;50:1e78.
[32]Mishra RS,Mahoney MW.Friction stir welding and processing.first ed.Ohio:ASM International;2007.
[33]Maxwell RC,Dinaharan I,Vijay SJ,Murugan N.Microstructure and sliding wear behaviour of AA6360/(TiCpB4C)hybrid surface.Mater Sci Eng A2012;52:336e44.
[34]Kosolapova TY.Carbides:properties,production and applications.first ed.New York:Plenum Press;1971.
[35]Munro RG.Material properties of titanium diboride.J Res Natl Inst Stan2000;105(5):709e20.
[36]Hazell PJ.Armour:materials,theory and design.first ed.New York:CRC Press;2016.
[2]Takeuchi K,Isobe Y,Toyama T.Current status and future of aluminum materials and brazing for automobile heat exchangers.J Jpn Inst Light Metals1998;48(9):446e58.
[3]Gooch WA,Bukins MS,Squillacioti RJ.Ballistic testing of commercial aluminum alloys and alternate processing techniques to increase the availability of aluminum armor.In:23rd Int Symposium on Ballistics Spain,2;2007.p.981e8.
[4]Mazahery A,Shabani MO.Investigation on mechanical properties of nanoAl2O3reinforced aluminum matrix composites.J Compos Mater 2011;45(24):2579e86.
[5]Jahedi M,Mani B,Shakoorian S,Pourkhorshid E.Deformation rate effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al e SiC p composites consolidated by hot extrusion.Mater Sci Eng A 2012;556:23e30.
[6]Zhou S.Fabrication and tribological properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced Al composites prepared by pressureless infiltration technique.Composite Part A 2007;38:301e6.
[7]Shanmugsundaram T,Heilmaier M,Murty BS,Subramanya Sarma V.Microstructure and mechanical properties of nanostructured Al-4Cu alloy produced by mechanical alloying and vacuum hot pressing.Metall Mater Trans 2009;40:2798.
[8]Pyzik AJ,Aksay IA.Processing of ceramic and metal matrix composites.In:International symposium on advances in processing of ceramic and metal matrix composites New York;1989.p.269e76.
[9]Tofigh AA,Shabani MO.Efficient optimum solution for high strength Al alloys matrix composites.Ceram Int 2013;39:7483e90.
[10]Shabani MO,Rahimipour MR,Tofigh AA,Davami P.Refined microstructure of compo cast nanocomposites:the performance of combined neuro-computing,fuzzy logic and particle swarm techniques.Neural Comput Appl 2015;26:899e909.
[11]Ozsahin E,Suleyman T.On the comparison of the ballistic response of coated aluminum plates.Mater Des 2010;31:3188e93.
[12]Radin J,Goldsmith W.Normal projectile penetration and perforation of layered targets.Int J Impact Eng 1988;7(2):229e59.
[13]Ozsahin E,Tolun S.Influence of layer sequencing on ballistic resistance of polyethylene supported AA 7075 T651 plates.J Istanb Technol Univ2009;8(2):72e80.
[14]Yamanaka H,Shimizu S.Alloying of metals and carbides on an aluminium surface by electron beam welding.Weld Int 1998;12(2):160e4.
[15]Vreeling JA,Ocelik J,Pei YT,Van Agterveld DT,Hosson TM.Laser melt injection of ceramic particles in metals.Acta Mater 2000;48:4225e32.
[16]Grewal HS,Singh H,Agrawal Anupam.Microstructural and mechanical characterization of thermal sprayed nickelealumina composite coatings.Surf Coating Technol 2013;216:78e92.
[17]Mishra RS,Ma ZY,Charit I.Friction stir processing:a novel technique for fabrication of surface composite.Mater Sci Eng A 2003;341:307e10.
[18]Mishra RS,Mahoney MW,McFadden SX,Mara NA,Mukherjee AK.High strain rate superplasticity in a friction stir processed 7075 Al alloy.Scripta Mater1999;42:163e8.
[19]Sharma V,Prakash U,ManojKumar BV.Surface composites by friction stir processing:a review.J Mater Process Technol 2015;224:117e34.
[20]Li B,Shen Y,Luo L,Hu W.Fabrication of TiCp/Ti-6Al-4V surface composite via friction stir processing(FSP):process optimization,particle dispersionrefinement behavior and hardening mechanism.Mater Sci Eng 2013;574:75e85.
[21]Akramifard HR,Shamanian M,Sabbaghian M,Esmailzadeh M.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu/SiC metal matrix composite fabricated via friction stir processing.Mater Des 2014;54:838e44.
[22]Avettand-Feno€el MN,Simar A,Shabadi R,Taillard R.Characterization of oxide dispersion strengthened copper-based materials developed by friction stir processing.Mater Des 2014;60:343e57.
[23]Narayana Y,Sivanandam A,Vipin.Fabrication of Al5083/B4C surface composite by friction stir processing and its tribological characterization.J Mater Res Tech 2015;4(4):398e410.
[24]Suresh S,Shenbag N,Moorthi V.Aluminium titanium diboride metal matrix composites:challenges and opportunities.Procedia Engg 2012;38:89e97.
[25]Narimani M,Lotfi B,Sadeghian Z.Evaluation of the microstructure and wear behaviour of AA6063-B4C/TiB2mono and hybrid composite layers produced by friction stir processing.Surf Coating Technol 2016;285:1e10.
[26]Mazahery A,Shabani MO.Tribological behaviour of semisolidesemisolid compocast Ale Si matrix composites reinforced with TiB2 coated B4C particulates.Ceram Int 2012;38:1887e95.
[27]Mazahery A,Shabani MO.Existence of good bonding between coated B4Creinforcement and al matrix via semisolid techniques:enhancement of wear resistance and mechanical properties.Tribol Trans 2013;56:342e8.
[28]Madhu V,Bhat BT.Armour protection and affordable protection for futuristic combat vehicles.Defence Sci J 2011;61(4):394e402.
[29]Sudhakar I,Madhu V,Reddy GM,Srinivasa R.Enhancement of wear and ballistic resistance of armour grade AA7075 aluminium alloy using friction stir processing.Def Tech 2014;20:1e8.
[30]Kim YG,Fujii H,Tsumura T,Komazaki T,Nakata K.Three defect types in friction stir welding of aluminum die casting alloy.Mater Sci Eng 2006;415:250e4.
[31]Mishra RS,Ma ZY.Friction stir welding and processing.Mater Sci Eng R2005;50:1e78.
[32]Mishra RS,Mahoney MW.Friction stir welding and processing.first ed.Ohio:ASM International;2007.
[33]Maxwell RC,Dinaharan I,Vijay SJ,Murugan N.Microstructure and sliding wear behaviour of AA6360/(TiCpB4C)hybrid surface.Mater Sci Eng A2012;52:336e44.
[34]Kosolapova TY.Carbides:properties,production and applications.first ed.New York:Plenum Press;1971.
[35]Munro RG.Material properties of titanium diboride.J Res Natl Inst Stan2000;105(5):709e20.
[36]Hazell PJ.Armour:materials,theory and design.first ed.New York:CRC Press;2016.