基于ICCD超高速照相的陡波放电同步观测
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摘要
涂覆RTV涂层后盘形绝缘子陡波试验性能的下降说明了对于陡波试验研究的迫切性。为了深入探索陡波放电的发展过程和放电速度,搭建了基于ICCD超高速照相机的陡波放电观测平台,提供了对高电压陡波放电过程进行拍摄的手段。设计并实现了观测回路与放电回路的同步方案,实现了放电过程的捕捉。通过对观测平台的放电回路和拍摄回路精细的时序分析,在完成对陡波放电过程进行高速拍摄的同时,实现了每帧陡波放电照片与陡波电压不同时段波形的准确对应。在此平台得到的放电观测结果基础上,描述了陡波的放电过程,计算得到不同极性陡波下不同介质表面的陡波放电速度大约在10~(–2)～10~(–1) cm/ns数量级,得到了涂覆RTV涂层后放电速度下降的结论,验证了观测平台进行陡波研究的能力。
The performance decrease of disc insulator with RTV coating under steep-front impulse shows that it is urgent to study the steep-front discharge process. In order to explore the development process and the discharge speed of steep-front impulse, we constructed a discharge observation platform based on ICCD ultra fast photography, providing the means to catch the steep-front impulse discharge process. The synchronous scheme of discharge capturing and steep-front impulse voltage measurement was designed and realized. The timing analyses of discharge circuit and optical shooting circuit were carried out on the observation platform, and the moments of discharge were successfully corresponded to the steep-front impulse voltage waveform. Based on the results of the discharge observations obtained on this platform, the discharge process and the microscopic discharge mechanism of the steep-front impulse were described qualitatively. In order to prove that the platform can play an important role in researching the steep-front impulse, the steep-front impulse discharge velocity over different dielectric surfaces under different polarities were calculated based on the measurement.The steep-front impulse discharge velocity has the order of magnitude of 10~(-2)～10~(-1) cm/ns, and can be slowed down by RTV coating.
The performance decrease of disc insulator with RTV coating under steep-front impulse shows that it is urgent to study the steep-front discharge process. In order to explore the development process and the discharge speed of steep-front impulse, we constructed a discharge observation platform based on ICCD ultra fast photography, providing the means to catch the steep-front impulse discharge process. The synchronous scheme of discharge capturing and steep-front impulse voltage measurement was designed and realized. The timing analyses of discharge circuit and optical shooting circuit were carried out on the observation platform, and the moments of discharge were successfully corresponded to the steep-front impulse voltage waveform. Based on the results of the discharge observations obtained on this platform, the discharge process and the microscopic discharge mechanism of the steep-front impulse were described qualitatively. In order to prove that the platform can play an important role in researching the steep-front impulse, the steep-front impulse discharge velocity over different dielectric surfaces under different polarities were calculated based on the measurement.The steep-front impulse discharge velocity has the order of magnitude of 10~(-2)～10~(-1) cm/ns, and can be slowed down by RTV coating.
引文
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[12]DENG T,YAO Y,LIANG X,et al.Application of pre-coated RTVinsulators in UHV OHLs and steep-front impulse voltage test[C]∥2016 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application(ICHVE).Chengdu,China:IEEE,2016.
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[15]TAN B H,ALLEN N L,RODRIGO H.Progression of positive corona on cylindrical insulating surfaces,part II:influence of dielectric material[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,14(1):111-118.
[16]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.绝缘介质表面流注发展特性的机理研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):155-165.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Research on characteristics of streamer propagation along insulation surfaces[J].Proceedings of The CSEE,2013,33(22):155-165.
[17]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.介电常数和表面性能对沿面流注发展的定量影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(9):1490-1497.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Quantitative effects of dielectric constant and surface properties on streamer propagation along the insulation surface[J].Proceedings of The Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering,2014,34(9):1490-1497.
[18]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.涂抹RTV的绝缘介质表面流注传播特性的研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(10):318-325.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Research on streamer propagation along RTV coated insulation surfaces[J].Transactions of China Electechnical Society,2014,29(10):318-325.
[19]王泽众,庄池杰,张赟,等.基于光电倍增管的流注发展速度测量[J].高电压技术,2018,44(3):920-925.WANG Zezhong,ZHUANG Chijie,ZHANG Yun,et al.Measurement of streamer propagation velocity based on photomultiplier[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(3):920-925.
[20]张阳,钱勇,张义军,等.人工触发闪电上行正先导起始阶段放电特征[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):1602-1608.ZHANG Yang,QIAN Yong,ZHANG Yijun,et al.Discharge characteristics of upward positive leaders in initial stage of artificially triggered lightning[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(5):1602-1608.
[21]王万昆,蓝磊,安韵竹,等.组合空气间隙放电路径选择性试验[J].高电压技术,2017,43(11):3800-3808.WANG Wankun,LAN Lei,AN Yunzhu,et.al Experiment on selectivity of discharge path of combined air gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(11):3800-3808.
[22]李和平,于达仁,孙文廷,等.大气压放电等离子体研究进展综述[J].高电压技术,2016,42(12):3697-3727.LI Heping,YU Daren,SUN Wenting,et al.State-of-the-art of atmospheric discharge plasmas[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(12):3697-3727.
[2]Insulators for overhead lines with a normal voltage above 1 000V-part 1:ceramic or glass insulator units for a.c.systems-definitions,test methods and acceptance criteria:IEC 60383-1:1993[S],1993.
[3]标称电压高于1 000 V架空线路绝缘子使用导则第1部分:交流系统用瓷和玻璃绝缘子元件-定义、试验方法和判定准则:GB/T1001.1-2003[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.Guidance on the use of insulators for overhead lines above 1 000 V for overhead lines-part 1:porcelain and glass insulators for AC systemsdefinitions,test methods and determination criteria:GB/T1001.1-2003[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,2003.
[4]高压线路绝缘子空气中冲击击穿试验:GB/T 20642-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.Impulse puncture test in air on insulators for overhead lines:GB/T20642-2006[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,2006.
[5]梁曦东.500 kV合成绝缘子的研究[D].北京:清华大学,1990.LIANG Xidong.Research on the 500 kV composite insulator[D].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University,1990.
[6]付斌.悬式绝缘子在陡冲击波作用下的特性研究[D].北京:能源部电力科学研究院,1989.FU Bing.Study on the characteristics of suspension insulator under steep-front impulse[D].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Research Institute,1989.
[7]于青.悬式绝缘子陡冲击波耐受性能极其试验方法的研究[R].北京:能源部电力科学研究院,1989.YU Qing.Study on extreme test method for steep shock resistance of suspended insulator[R].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Research Institute,1989.
[8]高压线路绝缘子陡波冲击耐受试验:定义、试验方法和判据:DL/T557-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.Insulators of ceramic glass material overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V impulse puncture tests in air:DL/T557-2005[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,2005.
[9]赵瑞华.陡波性能与瓷质显微结构关系的研究[J].电瓷避雷器,1991(4):10-14.ZHAO Ruihua.Study on the relationship between the steep wave properties and the microstructure of ceramics[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,1991(4):10-14.
[10]宋胜官,成世凡.瓷绝缘子陡波击穿机理的探讨[J].电瓷避雷器,1993(2):9-12.SONG Shengguan,CHENG Shifan.A study on the mechanism of wave breakdown of porcelain insulator[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,1993(2):9-12.
[11]何懋全.盘形悬式绝缘子瓷头厚度对陡波性能的影响[J].电瓷避雷器,1996(4):31-35.HE Maoquan.Influence of thickness of porcelain head of disc insulator on steep wave performance[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,1996(4):31-35.
[12]DENG T,YAO Y,LIANG X,et al.Application of pre-coated RTVinsulators in UHV OHLs and steep-front impulse voltage test[C]∥2016 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application(ICHVE).Chengdu,China:IEEE,2016.
[13]ALLEN N L,GHAFFAR A.The conditions required for the propagation of a cathode-directed positive streamer in air[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1995,28(2):331-337.
[14]ALLEN N L,MIKROPOULOS P N.Streamer propagation along insulating surfaces[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1999,6(3):357-362.
[15]TAN B H,ALLEN N L,RODRIGO H.Progression of positive corona on cylindrical insulating surfaces,part II:influence of dielectric material[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,14(1):111-118.
[16]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.绝缘介质表面流注发展特性的机理研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):155-165.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Research on characteristics of streamer propagation along insulation surfaces[J].Proceedings of The CSEE,2013,33(22):155-165.
[17]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.介电常数和表面性能对沿面流注发展的定量影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(9):1490-1497.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Quantitative effects of dielectric constant and surface properties on streamer propagation along the insulation surface[J].Proceedings of The Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering,2014,34(9):1490-1497.
[18]孟晓波,梅红伟,陈昌龙,等.涂抹RTV的绝缘介质表面流注传播特性的研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(10):318-325.MENG Xiaobo,MEI Hongwei,CHEN Changlong,et al.Research on streamer propagation along RTV coated insulation surfaces[J].Transactions of China Electechnical Society,2014,29(10):318-325.
[19]王泽众,庄池杰,张赟,等.基于光电倍增管的流注发展速度测量[J].高电压技术,2018,44(3):920-925.WANG Zezhong,ZHUANG Chijie,ZHANG Yun,et al.Measurement of streamer propagation velocity based on photomultiplier[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(3):920-925.
[20]张阳,钱勇,张义军,等.人工触发闪电上行正先导起始阶段放电特征[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):1602-1608.ZHANG Yang,QIAN Yong,ZHANG Yijun,et al.Discharge characteristics of upward positive leaders in initial stage of artificially triggered lightning[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(5):1602-1608.
[21]王万昆,蓝磊,安韵竹,等.组合空气间隙放电路径选择性试验[J].高电压技术,2017,43(11):3800-3808.WANG Wankun,LAN Lei,AN Yunzhu,et.al Experiment on selectivity of discharge path of combined air gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(11):3800-3808.
[22]李和平,于达仁,孙文廷,等.大气压放电等离子体研究进展综述[J].高电压技术,2016,42(12):3697-3727.LI Heping,YU Daren,SUN Wenting,et al.State-of-the-art of atmospheric discharge plasmas[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(12):3697-3727.