Pre-cecal phosphorus digestibility for corn, wheat, soybean meal,and corn gluten meal in growing Japanese quails from 28 to 32 d of age
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摘要
The optimization of dietary phosphorus(P) depends on precise details of the P availability in feed ingredients to avoid excess or deficient P in a mixed diet. This study was carried out to measure the apparent ileal digestibility of P for corn, wheat, soybean meal, and corn gluten meal in growing Japanese quails from 28 to 32 d posthatch, A total of 400 quail chicks were randomly distributed across 5 treatments with 4 replicates and 20 birds in each floor pen. The P-free diet(PFD) was formulated based on cornstarch to measure the basal endogenous P losses(EPL). Digestibility coefficients were determined by ileal digesta sampling using TiO_2 as an indigestible marker. The EPL was estimated at 384 mg/kg DMI. The apparent ileal P digestibility(AIPD) for corn, soybean meal, wheat, and corn gluten meal were determined to be 0.38.0.53, 0.38, and 0.78, respectively. The corresponding values for true ileal P digestibility(TIPD) were 0.48.0.61, 0.50, and 0.83, respectively. The t-test analysis showed that the difference of AIPD and TIPD values for corn(P = 0.031) and wheat(P = 0.015) were statistically significant, however, no significant differences were observed for corn gluten meal(P = 0.318) and soybean meal(P = 0.104). In conclusion, the correction of AIPD coefficients for EPL in low-P ingredients such as corn and wheat may be much more important than that in high-P feedstuffs such as corn gluten meal and soybean meal in growing quails.
The optimization of dietary phosphorus(P) depends on precise details of the P availability in feed ingredients to avoid excess or deficient P in a mixed diet. This study was carried out to measure the apparent ileal digestibility of P for corn, wheat, soybean meal, and corn gluten meal in growing Japanese quails from 28 to 32 d posthatch, A total of 400 quail chicks were randomly distributed across 5 treatments with 4 replicates and 20 birds in each floor pen. The P-free diet(PFD) was formulated based on cornstarch to measure the basal endogenous P losses(EPL). Digestibility coefficients were determined by ileal digesta sampling using TiO_2 as an indigestible marker. The EPL was estimated at 384 mg/kg DMI. The apparent ileal P digestibility(AIPD) for corn, soybean meal, wheat, and corn gluten meal were determined to be 0.38.0.53, 0.38, and 0.78, respectively. The corresponding values for true ileal P digestibility(TIPD) were 0.48.0.61, 0.50, and 0.83, respectively. The t-test analysis showed that the difference of AIPD and TIPD values for corn(P = 0.031) and wheat(P = 0.015) were statistically significant, however, no significant differences were observed for corn gluten meal(P = 0.318) and soybean meal(P = 0.104). In conclusion, the correction of AIPD coefficients for EPL in low-P ingredients such as corn and wheat may be much more important than that in high-P feedstuffs such as corn gluten meal and soybean meal in growing quails.
The optimization of dietary phosphorus(P) depends on precise details of the P availability in feed ingredients to avoid excess or deficient P in a mixed diet. This study was carried out to measure the apparent ileal digestibility of P for corn, wheat, soybean meal, and corn gluten meal in growing Japanese quails from 28 to 32 d posthatch, A total of 400 quail chicks were randomly distributed across 5 treatments with 4 replicates and 20 birds in each floor pen. The P-free diet(PFD) was formulated based on cornstarch to measure the basal endogenous P losses(EPL). Digestibility coefficients were determined by ileal digesta sampling using TiO_2 as an indigestible marker. The EPL was estimated at 384 mg/kg DMI. The apparent ileal P digestibility(AIPD) for corn, soybean meal, wheat, and corn gluten meal were determined to be 0.38.0.53, 0.38, and 0.78, respectively. The corresponding values for true ileal P digestibility(TIPD) were 0.48.0.61, 0.50, and 0.83, respectively. The t-test analysis showed that the difference of AIPD and TIPD values for corn(P = 0.031) and wheat(P = 0.015) were statistically significant, however, no significant differences were observed for corn gluten meal(P = 0.318) and soybean meal(P = 0.104). In conclusion, the correction of AIPD coefficients for EPL in low-P ingredients such as corn and wheat may be much more important than that in high-P feedstuffs such as corn gluten meal and soybean meal in growing quails.
引文
Adedokun S, Parsons C, Lilburn M, Adeola O, Applegate T. Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of meat and bone meal from different sources in broiler chicks and Turkey poults with a nitrogen-free or casein diet. Poultry Sci 2007;86:2598-607.
AOAC. Official methods of analysis. Arlington, VA:AOAC International; 2006.
Ballam GC, Nelson TS, Kirby LK. Effect of fiber and phytate source and of calcium and phosphorus level on phytate hydrolysis in the chick. Poultry Sci 1984;63:333-8.
Bikker P, van der Peet-Schwering CMC, Gerrits WJJ, Sips V, Walvoort C, van Laar H.Endogenous phosphorus losses in growing-finishing pigs and gestating sows. J Anim Sci 2017;95:1637-13.
Bohlke R, Thaler R, Stein H. Calcium, phosphorus, and amino acid digestibility in low-phytate corn, normal corn, and soybean meal by growing pigs. J Anim Sci2005;83:2396-403.
Coon C, Leske K, Seo S. The availability of calcium and phosphorus in feedstuffs.Poultry Feedstuffs 2002:151-79.
Corbridge DE. Phosphorus:chemistry, biochemistry and technology. CRC press;2013.
Lemme A, Ravindran V, Bryden WL. Ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients for broilers. World Poultry Sci J 2004;60:423-38.
Mutucumarana RK, Ravindran V. Measurement of true ileal phosphorus digestibility in meat and bone meal for broiler chickens using the direct method. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016;219:249-56.
NRC. Nutrient requirements for poultry. 9th rev. ed. Washington, DC:National Academy Press; 1994.
Rodehutscord M. Approaches and challenges for evaluating phosphorus sources for poultry. In:17th European symposium on poultry nutrition, Edinburgh, UK, 23-27 August, 2009. World Poultry Science Association(WPSA); 2009. p. 2-6.
Sauvant D, Perez JM, Tran G. Tables de composition et de va leur nutritive des matieres premieres destinees aux animaux d'elevage. Pores, volailles, bovins,ovins, caprins, lapins, chevaux, poisons. INRA Editions, Paris France, 301 p.2002.
Short F, Gorton P, Wiseman J, Boorman K. Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Anim Feed Sci Technol1996;59:215-21.
Stein H, Pedersen C, Wirt A, Bohlke R. Additivity of values for apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in mixed diets fed to growing pigs.J Anim Sci 2005;83:2387-95.
Stein HH, Fuller M, Moughan P, Seve B, Mosenthin R, Jansman A, Fernandez J, De Lange C. Definition of apparent, true, and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs. Livest Sci 2007; 109:282-5.
Zhang F, Adeola O. Techniques for evaluating digestibility of energy, amino acids,phosphorus, and calcium in feed ingredients for pigs. Anim Nutr 2017;3:344-52.
AOAC. Official methods of analysis. Arlington, VA:AOAC International; 2006.
Ballam GC, Nelson TS, Kirby LK. Effect of fiber and phytate source and of calcium and phosphorus level on phytate hydrolysis in the chick. Poultry Sci 1984;63:333-8.
Bikker P, van der Peet-Schwering CMC, Gerrits WJJ, Sips V, Walvoort C, van Laar H.Endogenous phosphorus losses in growing-finishing pigs and gestating sows. J Anim Sci 2017;95:1637-13.
Bohlke R, Thaler R, Stein H. Calcium, phosphorus, and amino acid digestibility in low-phytate corn, normal corn, and soybean meal by growing pigs. J Anim Sci2005;83:2396-403.
Coon C, Leske K, Seo S. The availability of calcium and phosphorus in feedstuffs.Poultry Feedstuffs 2002:151-79.
Corbridge DE. Phosphorus:chemistry, biochemistry and technology. CRC press;2013.
Lemme A, Ravindran V, Bryden WL. Ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients for broilers. World Poultry Sci J 2004;60:423-38.
Mutucumarana RK, Ravindran V. Measurement of true ileal phosphorus digestibility in meat and bone meal for broiler chickens using the direct method. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016;219:249-56.
NRC. Nutrient requirements for poultry. 9th rev. ed. Washington, DC:National Academy Press; 1994.
Rodehutscord M. Approaches and challenges for evaluating phosphorus sources for poultry. In:17th European symposium on poultry nutrition, Edinburgh, UK, 23-27 August, 2009. World Poultry Science Association(WPSA); 2009. p. 2-6.
Sauvant D, Perez JM, Tran G. Tables de composition et de va leur nutritive des matieres premieres destinees aux animaux d'elevage. Pores, volailles, bovins,ovins, caprins, lapins, chevaux, poisons. INRA Editions, Paris France, 301 p.2002.
Short F, Gorton P, Wiseman J, Boorman K. Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Anim Feed Sci Technol1996;59:215-21.
Stein H, Pedersen C, Wirt A, Bohlke R. Additivity of values for apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in mixed diets fed to growing pigs.J Anim Sci 2005;83:2387-95.
Stein HH, Fuller M, Moughan P, Seve B, Mosenthin R, Jansman A, Fernandez J, De Lange C. Definition of apparent, true, and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs. Livest Sci 2007; 109:282-5.
Zhang F, Adeola O. Techniques for evaluating digestibility of energy, amino acids,phosphorus, and calcium in feed ingredients for pigs. Anim Nutr 2017;3:344-52.