滇池、洱海、泸沽湖藻源内负荷对比研究
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摘要
藻类的种类组成、藻密度和生物量直接反映湖泊的水质和营养状况;藻源内负荷是湖泊富营养化的重要原因之一,藻源内负荷的削减和控制对水污染治理和水环境保护具有重要意义。选取滇池、洱海、泸沽湖为研究对象,分别鉴定藻类7门85属,8门98属,4门24属;年均藻密度分别为75604万cells·L~(-1)、4695万cells·L~(-1)、209.9万cells·L~(-1),优势种分别为微囊藻属、微囊藻属、星杆藻属;全湖藻湿重分别为103494 t、41856 t、3709 t;采用水质指标TN、TP、COD_(Cr)、COD_(Mn)表征湖泊典型藻类的藻源内负荷,结果表明,滇池藻源TN、TP、COD_(Cr)、COD_(Mn)负荷总量分别为1173.9 t、87.72 t、42957 t、8810.7 t,洱海分别为876.8 t、63.02 t、40552 t、8384.4 t,泸沽湖为0。与太湖、巢湖污染负荷组成的对比分析表明,太湖藻源内负荷总量最高,滇池次之,巢湖最低;洱海藻源内负荷与外源污染负荷的比值最高,滇池次之,巢湖最低。四湖藻源内负荷均主要来自微囊藻。
引文
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[28]李静,崔凯,卢文轩,等.春季和夏季巢湖浮游生物群落组成及其动态分析[J].水生生物学报,2015,01:185-192.
[29]徐晓梅,吴雪,何佳,等.滇池流域水污染特征(1988-2014年)及防治对策[J].湖泊科学,2016,03:476-484.
[30]白献宇,胡小贞,庞燕.洱海流域低污染水类型、污染负荷及分布[J].湖泊科学,2015,02:200-207.
[31]吴攀,秦伯强,于革,等.太湖上游流域经济发展对废水排放及入湖总磷的影响[J].湖泊科学,2015,06:1107-1114.
[32]朱喜,胡明明,朱金华,等.巢湖水环境综合治理思路和措施[J].水资源保护,2016,32(1):120-124+141
[2]Yang B,Jiang YJ,He W,et al.The tempo-spatial variations of phytoplankton diversities and their correlation with trophic state levels in a large eutrophic Chinese lake[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,66:153-162.
[3]陈建良,胡明明,周怀东,等.洱海蓝藻水华暴发期浮游植物群落变化及影响因素[J].水生生物学报,2015,33(1):24-28.
[4]Christophe LT,Thibaut F.Performance of the Phytoplankton Index for Lakes(IPLAC):A multimetric phytoplankton index to assess the ecological status of water bodies in France[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,69:686-698.
[5]Barnes RSK,Mann KH.Fundamentals of Aquatic Ecosystems[M].London:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1980:208-212.
[6]汪淼,严红,焦立新,等.滇池沉积物氮内源负荷特征及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2015,01:218-226.
[7]Yin HB,Kong M,Han MX,et al.Influence of sediment resuspension on the efficacy of geoengineering materials in the control of internal phosphorous loading from shallow eutrophic lakes[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,In Press.
[8]王寿兵,郑正,王圣瑞,等.滇池内负荷污染治理研究初探[A].中国科学技术协会、湖北省人民政府,2013:156-160.
[9]杨苏文,金位栋,闫玉红等.湖泊理论藻源内负荷估算方法研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,接收.
[10]董云仙.云南九大高原湖泊藻类研究进展[J].环境科学导刊,2014,02:1-8.
[11]张石文,董云仙.滇池、洱海、泸沽湖浮游植物研究综述[J].环境科学导刊,2014,04:13-18+44.
[12]金相灿,屠清瑛.《湖泊富营养化调查规范》[M].第二版,北京:中国环境出版社,1990:25-32.
[13]国家环保总局.《水和废水监测分析方法》[M].第四版,北京:中国环境出版社,2002:649-655.
[14]胡鸿钧,魏印心.《中国淡水藻类-系统、分类及生态》[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[15]Yang SW,Jin WD,Wang SR,et al.Chlorophyll ratio analysis of the responses of algae communities to light intensity in spring and summer in Lake Erhai[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74:3877-3885.
[16]章宗涉,黄祥飞.《淡水浮游生物研究方法》[M].第二版,北京:科学出版社,1995:340-344.
[17]刘建康.《高级水生生物学》[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:176-198.
[18]Pan XJ,Chang FY,Kang LJ,et al.Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of Anabaena species from Lakes Dianchi and Erhai,China[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,614:353-362.
[19]谢树莲,冯佳.中国淡水金藻门植物研究进展[J].世界科技研究与发展,2007,06:1-6.
[20]Chen CH,Zhao LY,Zhu C,etal.Response of diatom community in Lugu Lake(Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,China)to climate change over the past century[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2014,51:357-373.
[21]Engela S,Clifford AO,Paul VZ.Spatial and temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure in a southeastern U.S.reservoir determined by HPLC and light microscopy[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,6001:215-228.
[22]Wang SR,Jiao LX,Jin XC,et al.Characteristics of organic nitrogen fractions in sediments of the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area in China[J].Water and Environment Journal,2012,26(4):473-481.
[23]何东,张毅敏,杨飞,等.太湖藻源性颗粒物降解过程中营养盐转化及其生态效应[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):899-907.
[24]大理白族自治州人民政府.《云南洱海流域水污染综合防治“十二五”规划》.2012.
[25]王燕,张景明,张绪美.太湖流域主要污染物入湖总量的研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013,05:38-41.
[26]Ai Y,Bi YH,Hu ZY.Response of predominant phytoplankton species to anthropogenic impacts in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2015,30(1):99-112.
[27]王鹏腾,辛玮光,刘改妮,等.基于水环境容量的污染物总量控制方案-以合肥市巢湖流域为例[A].中国环境科学学会,2014,1484-1490.
[28]李静,崔凯,卢文轩,等.春季和夏季巢湖浮游生物群落组成及其动态分析[J].水生生物学报,2015,01:185-192.
[29]徐晓梅,吴雪,何佳,等.滇池流域水污染特征(1988-2014年)及防治对策[J].湖泊科学,2016,03:476-484.
[30]白献宇,胡小贞,庞燕.洱海流域低污染水类型、污染负荷及分布[J].湖泊科学,2015,02:200-207.
[31]吴攀,秦伯强,于革,等.太湖上游流域经济发展对废水排放及入湖总磷的影响[J].湖泊科学,2015,06:1107-1114.
[32]朱喜,胡明明,朱金华,等.巢湖水环境综合治理思路和措施[J].水资源保护,2016,32(1):120-124+141