四川梅花鹿的繁殖行为

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• 英文论文题名：Reproductive behavior of Sichuan sika deer(Cervus nippon sichuanicus)
• 论文作者：戚文华 ; 蒋雪梅 ; 杨承忠 ; 郭延蜀
• 英文论文作者：Qi Wenhua ; Jiang Xuemei ; Yang Chengzhong ; Guo Yanshu ; School of Life Science and Engineering ; Chongqing Three Gorges University ; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering ; Chongqing Three Gorges University ; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology ; College of Life Sciences ; Chongqing Normal University ; School of Life Sciences ; China West Normal University
• 年：2016
• 作者机构：重庆三峡学院生命科学与工程学院;重庆三峡学院化学与环境工程学院;重庆师范大学生命科学学院重庆市动物生物学重点实验室;西华师范大学生命科学学院;
• 论文关键词：四川梅花鹿 ; 繁殖季节 ; 繁殖行为 ; 铁布自然保护区
• 英文论文关键词：Sichuan sika deer ; reproductive season ; reproductive behavior ; Tiebu Natural Reserve
• 会议召开时间：2016-06-01
• 会议录名称：“十二五” 鹿科学研究进展
• 语种：中文
• 分类号：S825.3
• 学会代码：ZXMY
• 学会名称：中国畜牧业协会
• 页数：13
• 文件大小：999k
• 原文格式：O

摘要

2006年4 12月和2007年3 11月在四川省铁布自然保护区观察和统计了野生梅花鹿的繁殖行为,包括发情交配、产仔、发情吼叫、爬跨及其昼夜节律行为等。结果表明,四川梅花鹿为季节性发情动物,发情交配行为发生在9月上旬至12月中旬,集中在10 11月(占86.99%±3.24%)。四川梅花鹿发情交配日期最早见于9月8日,最晚为12月16日,跨度90~100d(±6d,n=90)。雌鹿交配日期与其繁殖经历具有低度正相关性(Kendall's tau-b和Spearman's rho 0.3哺乳期梅花鹿采食行为分配占较大比率,其次是卧息和移动,哺乳期采食行为分配低于妊娠期,这与妊娠期正逢冬季,食物资源相对匮乏有关,而哺乳期恰逢夏季,植物生长旺盛,食物资源相对丰富。
Sika deer(Cervus nippon) is an endangered species,which has been listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the Appendices of the CITES.In addition,Sika deer is also classified as a Category I key species under the Wild Animal Protection Law in China.Reproductive behaviors of Sichuan sika deer(C.n.sichuanicus),including rutting and copulating,fawning season,circadian rhythms of estrous roar and mounting behavior,etc.,were observed and recorded from April to December 2006 and from March to November 2007 in Tiebu Natural Reserve,Zoige County,Sichuan Province,China.The results indicated that Sichuan sika deer was seasonal estrus animal.The behaviors of estrus and copulation were observed from early September to the middle of December,with a higher frequency(86.99%±3.24%) occurring between October and November.The earliest rutting and mating behaviors occurred at 8September and the latest in 16 December,covering a period of 90 ~ 100 days(± 6d,n =90).There was a low positive correlation between the mating date of female deer and their mating experience(Kendall's tau- b and Spearman's rho,0.3 < r < 0.5,P < 0.05),and the mating date for the adult females were slightly earlier than that for the first breeding ones.The behaviors of estrous roar and mounting in males have noticeable circadian rhythms,in which each have two peak periods(05:00- 08:00,18:00- 21:00) and several low rhythm at night.U- test showed that the roar frequency and mounting rate were significantly different between daytime and night(P <0.01).The roar behaviors in males were high positive related to their mating behaviors(Kendall's tau- b and Spearman's rho,0.8 < r < 1.0,P <0.05),and there were statistically significant differences in the frequency of circadian roar among dominant males,subordinate males and single males(P < 0.01).Hinds fawning took place from the end of April to the end of July,and most frequently(91.51%±4.96%) between May and June(P <0.01).The earliest calving happened on 29 April and the latest on 28 July,covering a period of 80-90 days d(±5 d,n = 130).There was a low positive correlation between the fawning date of females and their parturition experience(Kendall's tau — b and Spearman's rho,0.3 < r < 0.5,P < 0.05),and the fawning date in adult females was slightly earlier than the first breeding females.Its litter sizes ranged from one to two fawns once,and single and twinning rate were 98.86%(± 6.96%,n = 129) and 1.01%(± 0.07%,n = 1),respectively.Among all behaviors,feeding behavior has a largest proportion,followed by the resting and moving behaviors during pregnancy and lactation.The proportion of feeding behavior during lactation lower than it would be during pregnancy,which is related to the different situation of food resources in the two periods.Food resources were relatively scarce in winter(pregnancy period),and rich in summer(suckling period).

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