奖惩线索调节主动性控制和反应控制权衡
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- 英文论文题名：Reward and Penalty Modulates the Trade off between Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Control
- 论文作者：章鹏 ; 张琪涵 ; 彭国慧 ; 宋星 ; 白学军
- 英文论文作者：Zhang Peng ; Zhang Qihan ; Peng Guohui ; Song Xing ; Bai Xuejun ; Academy of Psychology and Behavior ; Tianjin Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：天津师范大学心理与行为研究院;
- 论文关键词：奖励 ; 惩罚 ; 认知控制权衡 ; 主动性控制
- 英文论文关键词：reward ; penalty ; trade off of cognitive control ; proactive control
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842.1
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：777k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
双重认知控制理论认为,认知控制由主动性控制和反应性控制这两种相互分离的控制方式协同实现。个体能灵活地在两种认知控制间进行权衡,调节其权重(偏向主动性控制或偏向反应性控制),以形成对任务操作最有利的认知控制模式。AX-CPT(AX-continuous performance task paradigm)是研究认知控制权衡的经典范式,能很好地将主动性控制与反应性控制相分离。已有研究采用奖励版AX-CPT范式的研究发现,奖励能够影响认知控制的权衡,使个体偏向主动性控制。但关于惩罚对认知控制权衡的影响还不明确。然而惩罚(或者避免损失)在现实生活中也是大量存在的,对于惩罚是如何影响认知控制权衡进行研究能切实促进此领域理论的发展。因此,本研究采用奖励版和惩罚版的AX-CPT范式分别考察奖励和惩罚对认知控制权衡的影响。实验一采用2(奖励条件:基线、奖励)×2(奖励线索:有奖励、无奖励)×4(字母序列:AX、AY、BX、BY)被试内设计。实验二采用2(惩罚条件:基线、惩罚)×2(惩罚线索:有惩罚、无惩罚)×4(字母序列:AX、AY、BX、BY)被试内设计。实验中分别给被试呈现中性线索、奖励线索/惩罚线索,要求两组被试分别完成基线条件、奖励条件/惩罚条件下的AX-CPT任务,即要求被试对线索A后出现X(AX序列)做靶反应,其余序列AY/BX/BY做非靶反应。结果发现,无奖励条件相比,奖励条件和惩罚条件认知控制的权衡均偏向主动性控制。这表明惩罚和奖励条件一样可以调节认知控制权衡,使被试偏向主动性控制。
The Dual Mechanisms of Control(DMC) theory suggests that cognitive control consists of two modes:proactive control(anticipatory and sustained control during the cue encoding and maintenance periods) and reactive control(control is engaged after rather than before the probe and in a just-in-time manner rather than consistently). There is a tradeoff between these two kinds of control to optimize task performance. Several studies have shown that the reward context is associated with a shift towards proactive control. Prior work has suggested that reward motivation can reliably enhance a proactive mode of cognitive control. However, it is still unclear how punishment/ penalty modulates the tradeoff between proactive and reactive control. The present study conducted an experiment to investigate this question by using a reward version of AX-CPT task, in which some reward/ penalty-related cues and feedbacks were introduced. Participants perform a AX-CPT task under three different blocked motivational conditions(baseline reward-incentive/ penalty-incentive).In AX-CPT task, letters("A", "B", "X", and "Y") were individually and sequentially displayed on a computer screen. A target response was required only when an ‘‘X'' probe is preceded by an ‘‘A'' cue(AX trials).All other probe stimuli(AY, BX, and BY trials) required non-target responses. The results showed that reward and penalty cues modulated the tradeoff between proactive and reactive control and led to a preference toward proactive control.
The Dual Mechanisms of Control(DMC) theory suggests that cognitive control consists of two modes:proactive control(anticipatory and sustained control during the cue encoding and maintenance periods) and reactive control(control is engaged after rather than before the probe and in a just-in-time manner rather than consistently). There is a tradeoff between these two kinds of control to optimize task performance. Several studies have shown that the reward context is associated with a shift towards proactive control. Prior work has suggested that reward motivation can reliably enhance a proactive mode of cognitive control. However, it is still unclear how punishment/ penalty modulates the tradeoff between proactive and reactive control. The present study conducted an experiment to investigate this question by using a reward version of AX-CPT task, in which some reward/ penalty-related cues and feedbacks were introduced. Participants perform a AX-CPT task under three different blocked motivational conditions(baseline reward-incentive/ penalty-incentive).In AX-CPT task, letters("A", "B", "X", and "Y") were individually and sequentially displayed on a computer screen. A target response was required only when an ‘‘X'' probe is preceded by an ‘‘A'' cue(AX trials).All other probe stimuli(AY, BX, and BY trials) required non-target responses. The results showed that reward and penalty cues modulated the tradeoff between proactive and reactive control and led to a preference toward proactive control.
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