阅兵前后唐山市PM_(2.5)中碳组分变化特征及来源
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摘要
纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年阅兵于2015年9月3日在北京举行,通过分析PM_(2.5)中碳组分的变化特征,研究唐山临时减排措施的实施对污染物减排的影响以及碳组分来源变化.结果表明,与减排前相比,减排期间PM_(2.5)、OC和EC平均质量浓度分别下降了32.95%、32.05%和60.07%.OC与EC的相关性在减排前、减排期间和减排后分别为0.76、0.78和0.92,均表现出了良好的相关性,说明OC与EC污染源基本相同.通过OC/EC的比值评估SOC,发现SOC在减排期间的平均质量浓度为(1.31±0.89)μg/m~3,低于减排前(2.60±0.98)μg/m~3和减排后(1.39±0.87)μg/m~3.通过计算PM_(2.5)中8个碳组分丰度,可以初步判定减排前和减排期间碳组分主要来源是燃煤排放、机动车尾气排放和生物质燃烧,活动减排后,碳组分主要来源是燃煤排放、机动车尾气排放和道路扬尘
引文
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[2]Samera H H,James J S,Jongbae H,et al.Source apportionment of PM2.5 carbonaceous aerosol in Baghdad,Iraq[J].Atmospheric Research,2015,156:80-90.
[3]唐山市环境保护局.2014年唐山市环境状况公报[R].唐山:唐山市环境保护局,2014.
[4]中华人民共和国环境保护部.环境保护部发布2014年重点区域和74个城市空气质量状况[EB/OL].[2015-02-02].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201502/t20150202_295333.htm.
[5]Xingru Li,Lili Wang,Yuesi Wang,et al.Chemical composition and size distribution of airborne particle matters in Beijing during the 2008 01ympics[J].Atmospheric Environment 2012,50:278-286.
[6]Wei Wen,Shuiyuan Cheng,Xufeng Chen,et al.Impact of emission control on PM_(2.5)and the chemical composition change in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei during the APEC summit 2014[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research2016,23:4509-4521.
[7]王刚,韩力慧,程水源等.典型城市夏季碳组分污染特征与来源解析[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(3):452-460.
[8]王杨君,董亚萍,冯加良等.上海市PM_(2.5)中含碳物质的特征和影响分析[J].环境科学,2010,31(8):1755-1760.
[9]田鹏山,曹军骥,韩永明等.关中地区冬季PM_(2.5)中碳气溶胶的污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):427-433.
[10]Turpin B J,Huntzicker J J.Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantitation of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentration during SCAQS[J].Atmospheric Environment,1995,29(23):3527-3544.
[11]程水源,刘超,韩力慧等.北京市采暖期PM_(2.5)中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征与来源解析[J].北京工业大学学报,2014,40(4):86-597.
[12]Xiao Sui,Ling-Xiao Yang,Haiying Yi,et al.Influence of Seasonal Variation and Long-Range Transport of Carbonaceous Aerosols on Haze Formation at a Seaside Background Site,China[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2015,15:1251-1260.
[13]安欣欣,赵越,魏强等.北京城区PM_(2.5)中有机碳和元素碳的变化特征[J].环境科学与技术,2015,8(8):214-219.
[14]董海燕,古金霞,陈魁等.天津市区PM_(2.5)中碳组分污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(1):34-38.
[15]Schauer J J,Kleeman M J,Cass G R,et al.Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources.2.C1 through C30 organic compounds from medium duty diesel trucks[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1999,33:1578-1587.
[16]Schauer J J,Kleeman M J,Cass G R,et al.Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources.5.C1 through C32 organic compounds from gasoline-powered motor vehicles[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2002,36:1169-1180.
[17]Chen Y,Zhi G,Feng Y,et al.Measurements of emission factors for primary carbonaceous particles from residential raw-coal combustion in China[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33:L20815.
[18]Zhang yuan-xun,Shao min,Zhang yuan-hang et al.Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences-China,2007,19:167-175.
[19]Chow J C,Watson J G,Lowenthal D J,et al.PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)composition in California's San Joaquin Valley[J].Aerosol Science and Technology,1993,18(2):105-128.
[20]Lim H J,Turpin B J.Origins of primary and secondary organic aerosol in Atlanta:results of time-resolved measurements during the Atlanta surprise experiment[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2002,36(21):4489-4496.
[21]Cao J J,Wu F,Chow J C,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi'an,China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2005,5:3127-3137.
[22]彭超,翟崇治,王欢博等.万州城区夏季、冬季PM_(2.5)中有机碳和元素碳的浓度特征[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(6):1638-1643.