图形推理中的莫扎特效应:来自眼动的证据
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- 英文论文题名：Figure reasoning and the Mozart effect:from the evidence of eye movement
- 论文作者：张潮 ; 杨芬 ; 李文超
- 英文论文作者：Zhang Chao ; Yang Fen ; Li Wenchao ; School of Psychology ; Shanxi Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：山西师范大学教师教育学院;
- 论文关键词：莫扎特效应 ; 图形推理 ; 眼动
- 英文论文关键词：Mozart effect ; figure reasoning ; eye movement
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：771k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
自"莫扎特效应"提出以来,其真实性一直争议不断。目前关于"莫扎特效应"的产生机制主要有"直接启动说"和"心境一唤醒一偏好说"两种观点。直接启动说认为因为莫扎特音乐突出的结构特征与神经细胞的高级组织达到一致,所以加工音乐的同时触发了某种信息传播活动,启动了加工时空推理的脑区,进而提高了个体的时空推理成绩;心境-唤醒-偏好说认为莫扎特音乐本身并不特殊,只是聆听音乐导致了被试心境、大脑唤醒度或偏好的变化,从而间接地影响了时空推理成绩。本研究采用眼动记录法,以60名非音乐专业大学生为被试,探索莫扎特音乐对图形推理的影响以及莫扎特效应的产生机制。将被试随机分为三组:第一组被试在实验中聆听《莫扎特D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲K.448第一乐章》;第二组被试聆听与莫扎特K.448第一乐章同为高唤醒度正性情绪的钢琴曲《猫和老鼠》(科普兰);第三组被试不听任何音乐。采用3(音乐种类:莫扎特K.448、猫和老鼠、无音乐)×2(题目难易程度:简单、复杂)混合实验设计,分析不同条件下图形推理成绩和相应的眼动轨迹。得出结论如下:(1)图形推理中不存在莫扎特效应;(2)莫扎特K.448第一乐章对复杂的图形推理解决过程有干扰作用,表现为注视时间、注视次数、扫视次数、平均瞳孔直径的增加以及平均眼跳幅度的减少,对简单的图形推理过程无影响;(3)《猫和老鼠》音乐与无音乐条件下的图形推理成绩及眼动轨迹无显著差异。
Since Rauscher reported the "Mozart effect",its reliability was argued heatedly. There are two main viewpoints about the mechanism of "Mozart effect": "triggering theory " and ''arousal-pleasure-preference theory". The "triggering theory" think that listening to Mozart music, which has highly structural and cyclical features, will activate brain regions involved with space-time reasoning and improve the space-time reasoning ability subsequently. And the ''arousal-pleasure-preference theory" believes that the unique rhythms and patterns of Mozart music, which change the arousal, pleasure and mood conditions, caused improved cognitive ability. Using the eye movement technique explores the Mozart music influence on figure reasoning and the mechanism of "Mozart effect". Sixty non-music major undergraduates were divided into three groups randomly:(1)listening Mozart.Sonata(K.448);(2) listening Tom and Jerry;(3)silence. The experiment is a mixed experimental design of 3(background music: listening Mozart.Sonata(K.448)/ listening Tom and Jerry / silence) x 2(task difficulty: simple / complex).The accurate rate and the eye movement index were analyzed. The results indicated that:(1)there is no "Mozart effect" in the figure reasoning test;(2) the Mozart.Sonata(K.448) can disturb the solution of complex task, but have no influence on simple tasks;(3) There is no significant effect between and the silence to complete the figure reasoning test.
Since Rauscher reported the "Mozart effect",its reliability was argued heatedly. There are two main viewpoints about the mechanism of "Mozart effect": "triggering theory " and ''arousal-pleasure-preference theory". The "triggering theory" think that listening to Mozart music, which has highly structural and cyclical features, will activate brain regions involved with space-time reasoning and improve the space-time reasoning ability subsequently. And the ''arousal-pleasure-preference theory" believes that the unique rhythms and patterns of Mozart music, which change the arousal, pleasure and mood conditions, caused improved cognitive ability. Using the eye movement technique explores the Mozart music influence on figure reasoning and the mechanism of "Mozart effect". Sixty non-music major undergraduates were divided into three groups randomly:(1)listening Mozart.Sonata(K.448);(2) listening Tom and Jerry;(3)silence. The experiment is a mixed experimental design of 3(background music: listening Mozart.Sonata(K.448)/ listening Tom and Jerry / silence) x 2(task difficulty: simple / complex).The accurate rate and the eye movement index were analyzed. The results indicated that:(1)there is no "Mozart effect" in the figure reasoning test;(2) the Mozart.Sonata(K.448) can disturb the solution of complex task, but have no influence on simple tasks;(3) There is no significant effect between
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