冀北山区河岸缓冲带植被净水效果及配置模式研究
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摘要
净化河流水质是河岸缓冲带重要的生态功能,利用对河岸缓冲带不同的样地进行人工配置径流实验,分析流经不同宽度的缓冲带水体中营养元素浓度的变化,对比不同植被类型及宽度对水体营养物质去除效果,同时根据植物对水体营养物质的去除率,构建河岸缓冲带配置模型。结果表明:各河岸缓冲带中,落叶松、白桦混交林对水体COD和TN的去除效果最好,去除率分别达到98.27%和58.41%;落叶松纯林对水体TP和PO43-P去除效果最好,去除率分别达到96.57%和96.7%;各林分类型对水体中NO3-N的去除效果均十分明显。根据缓冲带综合去除率与宽度模型求得缓冲带发挥最佳去除作用的宽度为大于等于13m:运用多元线性回归方法,建立了河岸缓冲带植被密度-水质模型与植被坡度-水质模型,并确定河岸缓冲带植被最优密度为大于等于1074株/hm~2,最优坡度为小于等于15°,并在此基础上提出了三种配置模式。
引文
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[2]MANKIN K,NGANDU D.BARDEN C.Grass-shrub riparian buffer removal of sediment,phosphorus,and nitrogen from simulated runoff.Journal of the American Water Resources Assoeiation.2007,43(5):1108-1116.
[3]钱进,王超,王沛芳,等闸湖滨岸缓冲带净污机理及适宜宽度研究进展[J].水科学进展,2009,20(1):139-143.Qian Jing,Wang Chao,Wang Peifang,et al.Research progresses in purification mechanism and fitting width of riparian buffer strip[J].Advances in Water Science,2009,20(l):139-143.
[4]MARC D,RICHARD H.Reduction in agricultural non-point source pollution in the first year following establishment of an integrated grass/tree filter strip system in southern Quebec(Canada)[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2009,131:85-97.
[5JMAURIZIO B,ELISA B.Abatement of N03-N concentration in agricultural waters by narrow buffer strips[J].Environmental Pollution,2002,117:165-168.
[6]罗晓娟,余勇利.植被缓冲带结构与功能对水质的影响[J].水土保持应用技术,2006(4):1-3.Luo Xiaojuan,Yu Yongli.Effect of structure and function of vegetative buffer strips for water quality[J].Technology of Soil and Water Conservation,2006(4):l-3.
[7]李怀恩,张亚平,蔡明,等.植被过滤带的定量计算方法[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(1):108-112.Li Huaien,Zhang Yaping,Cai Ming,et al.Quantitative calculation methods for vegetative filter strips[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,25(1):108-112.
[8]吴建强.不同坡度缓冲带滞缓径流及污染物去除定量化[J].水科学进展,2011,22(1):112-117.Wu Jianqiang.Quantitative study of the damping effect of buffer strips with different slopes on runoff and pollutant removal efficiency[J].Advances in Water Science,2011,22(1):112-117.
[9]ANNA L,BRADLEY L,ROSS G.Bat activity on riparian zones and upper slopes in Australian timber production forests and the effectiveness of riparian buffers[J].Biological Conservation,2006,129:207-220.
[10]SULLIVAN T,MOORE J,THOMAS D.Efficacy of Vegetated Buffers in Preventing Transport of Fecal Coliform Bacteria from Pasturelands[J].Environmental Management,2007,40:958-965.
[11]黄沈发,吴建强,唐浩,等.滨岸缓冲带对面源污染物的净化效果研究[J].水科学进展,2008,19(5):722-728.Huang Shenfa,Wu Jianqiang,Tang Hao,et al.Study on the clarification for riparian-buffer to non-point pollution[J].Advances in Water Science,2008,19(5):722-728.