猪利用氮营养素的机制及营养调控研究进展
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摘要
我国蛋白质饲料资源紧缺、养猪业高氮排放污染问题突出,提高蛋白质饲料资源利用效率进而减少资源浪费、降低氮排放是养猪业可持续发展的需要。饲料中的氮营养素首先经过动物胃和肠道代谢,在此过程中,肠道微生物菌群也参与氮素的代谢转化,其后氮素再经过肝脏代谢进到肌肉等靶器官进行代谢沉积,促使机体生长。因此,研究氮营养素在消化道、肝脏和肌肉组织中的消化代谢规律及调节机制,是提高氮营养素利用效率、减少氮排放的重要基础。本文结合国家"973"计划项目"猪利用氮营养素的机制及营养调控"研究,总结了胃肠道化学感应、小肠黏膜功能、肠道微生物组成对日粮蛋白质水平的响应及影响,日粮蛋白质在肝脏的代谢转化和在肌肉的沉积规律等一些研究的进展,为丰富猪蛋白质营养理论,完善饲粮组成、制定精准营养配方,探寻缓解蛋白质饲料资源紧缺和养猪业高氮排放的营养调控措施提供参考。
引文
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[7]Daniel H,I Rubioaliaga.An update on renal peptide transporters.American Journal of Physiology Renal Physiology,2003,284(5):F885-892.
[8]Ye J L,et al..EAAT3 promotes amino acid transport and proliferation of porcine intestinal epithelial cells.Oncotarget,2016.
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[10]Yang F,et al..2-DE and MS analysis of interactions betweenLactobacillus fermentum 15007 and intestinal epithelial cells.Electrophoresis,2007,28(23):4330-4339.
[11]Bergen W,G Wu.Intestinal nitrogen recycling and utilization in health and disease.Journal of Nutrition,2009,139(5):821-825.
[12]Zhou L,et al..Effects of the dietary protein level on the microbial composition and metabolomic profile in the hindgut of the pig.Anaerobe,2015,38:61-69.
[13]Stoll B,et al..Catabolism dominates the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary essential amino acids in milk protein-fed piglets.J.Nutr.128,606-614.Journal of Nutrition,1998,128(3):606-614.
[14]Dai Z L,et al..Metabolism of select amino acids in bacteria from the pig small intestine.Amino Acids,2012,42(5):1597-1608.
[15]Yang Y X,Z L Dai,W Y Zhu.Important impacts of intestinal bacteria on utilization of dietary amino acids in pigs.Amino Acids,2014,46(11):2489-2501.
[16]Chen L,et al..In vitro oxidation of essential amino acids by jejunal mucosal cells of growing pigs.Livestock Science,2007,109(109);19-23.
[17]Chen L,et al..Catabolism of nutritionally essential amino acids in developing porcine enterocytes.Amino Acids,2009,37(1):143-152.
[18]Lapierre H,et al..The effect of feed intake level on splanchnic metabolism in growing beef steers.Journal of Animal Science,2000,78(4):p1084-1099.
[19]Li L,et al..Hepatic cumulative net appearance of amino acids and related gene expression response to different protein diets in pigs.Livestock Science,2016,182:11-21,
[20]Nicklin P,Bidirectional Transport of Amino Acids Regulates mTOR and Autophagy.Cell,2009,136(3):521-534.
[21]Wang X,et al..Metabolomics analysis of muscle from piglets fed low protein diets supplemented with branched chain amino acids using HPLC-high resolution MS.Electrophoresis,2015,36(18):2250-2258.
[22]Qin C,et al..Influences of dietary protein sources and crude protein levels on intracellular free amino acid profile in the longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing gilts.Journal of Animal Science&Biotechnology,2016,7(2):1-10.