年轻人和老年人视听整合的事件相关电位研究
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- 英文论文题名：Audiovisual integration in young and old adults:Event-related potentials study
- 论文作者：杨伟平 ; 范晶
- 英文论文作者：Weiping Yang ; Jing Fan ; Department of Psychology ; Faculty of Education ; Hubei University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：湖北大学心理学系;
- 论文关键词：视听整合 ; 老年人 ; ERP
- 英文论文关键词：Audiovisual integration ; Old adults ; ERP
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842.1
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：3
- 文件大小：812k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
人口老龄化是人类面临的一个重大社会问题,关系到社会稳定及其可持续发展。认知衰退是老龄化的典型症状,因此,阐明老年人的认知机制,能有针对性的研制特效药物并开展治疗工作,进而提高老年人的健康水平。对视觉信息和听觉信息的感知在老年人认知过程中起着重要作用。目前,对老年人认知的研究主要针对单通道视觉或单通道听觉,研究发现,视觉或听觉认知能力随着年龄的增加而逐渐下降。然而,最近的行为学研究发现老年人比年轻人有较强的视觉和听觉整合能力。研究者们推测出现这种现象的原因可能是老年人为了弥补专门脑区功能缺陷而自动激活其他的特殊脑区。但是,老年人的视觉和听觉整合是否有特殊脑区被激活以及视听觉整合机制究竟是怎么样呢?目前仍然不清楚。因此,本研究使用事件相关电位(ERP)技术,探索老年人的视听整合能力的脑机制。10名年轻人(22-28岁,平均年龄24.1岁)和10名老年人(60-78平均年龄67.8岁)参与本研究。实验刺激由单独视觉刺激、单独听觉刺激、视听觉同时提示三种刺激类型组成,每种刺激类型包括标准刺激和靶刺激,并且出现的比例是4:1。要求被试集中注意力迅速并准确地对靶刺激做出按键反应。结果显示,年轻组的视听整合能力主要出现在以下三个阶段(1)刺激呈现后约200-220ms的额叶(2)刺激提示后约260-300ms的脑中部(3)刺激呈现后约340-440ms涉及到脑中部18个电极。老年组的视听整合主要出现在刺激提示后约160-200ms的枕叶和300-600ms的额叶。综合结果可知:老年人早期(刺激提示开始到提示后200ms范围内)就出现了整合,而年轻人的整合主要在晚期(刺激提示200ms之后)。还有一个重要的发现是老年人比年轻人有较长的整合时间窗,老年人在刺激呈现后600ms仍然存在整合效果。本实验的结果为进一步研究老年人的多感觉整合脑机制提供了理论依据,同时也为老年人的认知能力检测,尤其是老年认知症的早期诊断提供基础数据。
Population aging-a global social issue-is one of the principal challenges of the future, at least in the next few decades. Because dysfunctions arise in auditory sensory processing and visual sensory processing during healthy aging, the function of audiovisual integration, the process of integrating auditory and visual information to correctly perceive the external environment, is also considerably altered during the lifespan. Therefore, it is crucial to understand what changes occur and how the old adults respond to these changes. However, because of the inherent complexity of unisensory perceptions and multisensory integration, so far, there is no systematic investigation on audiovisual integration. To investigate the neural mechanisms of audiovisual integration in young and elderly adults, we recorded event-related potentials(ERPs), in which the stimulus including auditory(A), visual(V), and audiovisual(AV) stimuli. ERPs were recorded and ERPs elicited by the auditory and visual stimuli when presented alone were summed(‘sum' ERP) and compared to the ERP elicited when they were presented simultaneously(‘simultaneous' ERP). Two tones(20% white noise and 80% frequent 1000 Hz) and two visions(20% red white block and 80% black white block) were delivered. Behavioral data and ERPs of AV and(A + V) were analyzed according to different location. Reaction times(RTs) to the stimuli when presented simultaneously were significantly faster than when they were presented alone. For young adults, audiovisual integration was followed by three more phases of effects that were marked by scalp distribution: first, the right fronto-central area at 200-220 ms after the presentation of the stimulus; second, centro-medial area at 260- 320 ms after the presentation of the stimulus; third, right posterior area at 340- 440 ms. For old adults, two periods of significant interactions were found: the right occipital area at 160-200 ms and the left fronto-central area at 300-600 ms after the presentation of the stimulus. We found that these interaction effects in the elderly adults are later than those in the young adults. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that age-related audiovisual integration using event-related potential. We found that the audiovisual integration in old adults was longer and more delayed compared to that of young adults. Our study could provide important clues for the study and diagnosis on the early clinical detection and rehabilitation of brain disease in old adults.
Population aging-a global social issue-is one of the principal challenges of the future, at least in the next few decades. Because dysfunctions arise in auditory sensory processing and visual sensory processing during healthy aging, the function of audiovisual integration, the process of integrating auditory and visual information to correctly perceive the external environment, is also considerably altered during the lifespan. Therefore, it is crucial to understand what changes occur and how the old adults respond to these changes. However, because of the inherent complexity of unisensory perceptions and multisensory integration, so far, there is no systematic investigation on audiovisual integration. To investigate the neural mechanisms of audiovisual integration in young and elderly adults, we recorded event-related potentials(ERPs), in which the stimulus including auditory(A), visual(V), and audiovisual(AV) stimuli. ERPs were recorded and ERPs elicited by the auditory and visual stimuli when presented alone were summed(‘sum' ERP) and compared to the ERP elicited when they were presented simultaneously(‘simultaneous' ERP). Two tones(20% white noise and 80% frequent 1000 Hz) and two visions(20% red white block and 80% black white block) were delivered. Behavioral data and ERPs of AV and(A + V) were analyzed according to different location. Reaction times(RTs) to the stimuli when presented simultaneously were significantly faster than when they were presented alone. For young adults, audiovisual integration was followed by three more phases of effects that were marked by scalp distribution: first, the right fronto-central area at 200-220 ms after the presentation of the stimulus; second, centro-medial area at 260- 320 ms after the presentation of the stimulus; third, right posterior area at 340- 440 ms. For old adults, two periods of significant interactions were found: the right occipital area at 160-200 ms and the left fronto-central area at 300-600 ms after the presentation of the stimulus. We found that these interaction effects in the elderly adults are later than those in the young adults. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that age-related audiovisual integration using event-related potential. We found that the audiovisual integration in old adults was longer and more delayed compared to that of young adults. Our study could provide important clues for the study and diagnosis on the early clinical detection and rehabilitation of brain disease in old adults.
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