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稀酸浸提水产品中重金属铜、铅和镉
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摘要
本文以常见的易受重金属污染的水产品(近江牡蛎、翡翠贻贝和基围虾)为对象,研究稀盐酸、稀硫酸和稀硝酸浸提其重金属铜、铅和镉的效果。研究表明,盐酸、硫酸和硝酸的最佳浸提浓度均为2mol/L,浸提时间分别为10、10、15min,浸提温度分别为20-90、10-90、10-90℃。与微波消解法相比,三种稀酸浸提水产品中重金属铜、铅和镉的效果为稀硝酸>稀硫酸>稀盐酸。稀盐酸、稀硫酸和稀硝酸浸提的加标回收率分别为69%~97%、97%~116%、98%~111%。综合三种稀酸浸提所需的时长、温度及回收率等因素,稀硫酸和稀硝酸浸提法的操作可行性较高。利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)和酶联免疫法(ELISA)分别检测稀酸浸提液的镉,并对两种检测方法的结果进行线性回归,显示两种检测方法的结果具有显著的线性相关(PTraditional pretreatment method for extraction of heavy metals in aquatic products is time-wasting and inefficient. In order to meet the requirements for detection of heavy metals by ELISA assays, rapid methods for extraction of heavy metals(Cu, Pb,Cd) with dilute acid(HCl, HNO_3, H_2SO_4) were investigated and established in aquatic products bioassay(Ostrea rivularis, Perna viridis and Metapenaeus ensi). The results showed that the optimal extraction concentrations were 2 mol/L for the three dilute acid solution. Besides, the optimal extraction time and temperature condition were 10 min and 20-90 ℃, 10 min and 10-90 ℃, 15 min and 10-90 ℃ for HCl, H_2SO_4 and HNO_3 solution,respectively. Compared with the national standard extraction method, the percent recoveries of standard addition of heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Cd) were 69%-97%、97%-116%、98%-111% for HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3,respectively. This suggested that the order for extraction efficiency of these acid extractions was HNO_3>H_2SO_4>HCl. Considering the factors of the extraction time, temperature and recovery of standard addition, the extraction methods with H_2SO_4 and HNO_3 solution were feasible. The both groups of Cd concentrations, extracted from aquatic products by dilute acid pretreatment method, and determined by inductive coupled high frequency plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) respectively, were significantly correlated(P
引文
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