不同花色菊花品种舌状花解剖结构观察

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• 英文论文题名：The Anatomic Observation on Ray Flowers of Different Color Chrysanthemum Varieties
• 论文作者：伏静 ; 刘琳子 ; 戴思兰
• 英文论文作者：FU Jing ; LIU Lin-zi ; DAI Si-lan ; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding ; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture ; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture ; Beijing Forestry University
• 年：2016
• 作者机构：花卉种质创新与分子育种北京市重点实验室国家花卉工程技术研究中心城乡生态环境北京实验室园林学院北京林业大学;
• 论文关键词：菊花 ; 花色 ; 舌状花 ; 解剖结构 ; 色素分布
• 英文论文关键词：Chrysanthemum×morifolium Ramat. ; Flower color ; Ray flower ; Anatomical structure ; Pigment distribution
• 会议召开时间：2016-07-19
• 会议录名称：中国观赏园艺研究进展2016
• 语种：中文
• 分类号：S682.11
• 学会代码：EGYP
• 会议名称：2016年中国观赏园艺学术研讨会
• 会议地点：中国湖南长沙
• 主办单位：中国园艺学会观赏园艺专业委员会、国家花卉工程技术研究中心
• 学会名称：中国园艺学会
• 页数：8
• 文件大小：1936k
• 原文格式：O
• 会议级别：全国

摘要

通过观察菊花不同花色品种舌状花的解剖结构分析不同类型色素分布、上下表皮细胞形状和舌状花厚度对花色表型的影响,为菊花花色形成机理研究提供表型分析数据。使用色差仪测定90个菊花品种舌状花花色表型,采用徒手切片获得花瓣的横截面和上下表皮切片,利用光学显微镜观察并拍照,使用Microsoft Excel分析舌状花解剖结构参数和花色表型的关系。结果表明:菊花舌状花中共含有红色和黄色两种色素物质。红色色素物质只分布于菊花舌状花的上、下表皮中,且填充于整个细胞;黄色色素物质几乎分布于各个组织结构中,以颗粒状存在。根据前人对菊花花瓣中色素成分的研究,初步推断其中红色色素物质是花青素,黄色色素物质是类胡萝卜素。黄色系和绿色系品种的舌状花只含有黄色的色素物质;粉色系和紫红色系品种中主要含有红色的色素物质;橙色系、红色系、墨色系品种中含有红色和黄色两种色素;白色系品种中无明显的有色色素积累。复色品种上表皮和下表皮中含有不同颜色的色素物质。菊花的上表皮细胞通常呈现锥形,下表皮通常是长方形,上表皮比下表皮的色彩更深、颜色更暗。随着舌状花横截面厚度增大,花的颜色更暗且色彩更浓。
In this study,Anatomical structure of different color chrysanthemum varieties were observed to analyze the influences of pigments distribution,the shape of upper epidermal cells and the lower epidermal cells,the thickness of petals on ray flowers' color phenotype.It offered dates for formation mechanism research of chrysanthemum color phenotype.Measured by the chromatic meter,different color chrysanthemum varieties were classified into different color lines according to ray flowers' color.Using free-hand sectioning,we got cross-sectional of ray flowers and slices of upper and lower epidermal cells,then used a microscope to take photos of sections.Using the dates measured from chromatic meter and photos,we analyzed the relationship between phenotype and tissue structure.We came to the following conclusions;Chrysanthemum petals contain two kinds of pigments,red pigment and yellow pigment.Red pigment distributes in both upper and lower epidermal cells,and fills in the whole cells;yellow pigment distributes in all the tissues,in the existence of granular.According to the research of the predecessor,red pigment is anthocyanin,yellow pigment is carotenoids.The distribution of pigments differ in ray flower of different chrysanthemum varies according to different color phenotype.The yellow and green cultivars contain yellow pigment;the pink and the purple flower contain the red pigment;thecultivars of orange,red and mass tone flowers contain both red and yellow pigments;white flowers which contain no pigment are the result of refraction of light in the air bladder of ray flower.Bicolor cultivars can be formed when upper and lower epidermis contains different color pigment 3.The shape of upper epidermal cells and lower epidermal cells influences chrysanthemum color phenotype.The upper epidermal cells are cone-shape,while the lower epidermal cells are flat,which result in the color of the upper epidermis is deeper and also darker than the lower epidermis.With ray flowers' cross section thickness increases,the flower is darker and the Color is more concentrated.

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