贵州乌蒙烟区不同海拔烤烟碳氮代谢的差异比较
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- 英文论文题名：Comparison of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco in different altitudes in Wumeng tobacco-growing area of Guizhou
- 论文作者：连培康 ; 许自成 ; 孟黎明 ; 刘炳清 ; 翟欣 ; 陈雪 ; 黄化刚
- 英文论文作者：LIAN Pei-kang ; XU Zi-cheng ; MENG Li-ming ; LIU Bing-qing ; ZHAI Xin ; CHEN Xue ; HUANG Hua-gang ; College of Tobacco Science ; Henan Agricultural University ; Bijie Branch of Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：河南农业大学烟草学院;贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司;
- 论文关键词：乌蒙烟区 ; 烤烟 ; 海拔 ; 碳氮代谢 ; 酶活性
- 英文论文关键词：Wumeng tobacco planting area ; flue-cured tobacco ; altitude ; carbon and nitrogen metabolism ; activity of enzyme
- 会议召开时间：2016-12-01
- 会议录名称：中国烟草学会2016年度优秀论文汇编——烟草农业主题
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：S572
- 学会代码：ZGYG
- 学会名称：中国烟草学会
- 页数：9
- 文件大小：4039k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
【目的】碳氮代谢受各种酶的活性影响,其在烟叶生长和成熟过程中的动态变化直接或间接影响烟叶各类化学成分的含量和组成比例,对烟叶品质产生重要影响。本文以云烟97为供试材料,通过比较不同海拔高度烤烟烟叶品质、细胞超微结构和碳氮代谢关键酶活性的差异,来探讨海拔高度对烟叶碳氮代谢的影响,以期为乌蒙烟区优质烤烟栽培提供参考依据。【方法】利用单因素方差分析和多重比较对烤烟常规化学进行比较分析;采用透射电镜观察细胞超微结构,拍照并分析不同海拔高度细胞超微结构之间的差异;利用磺胺比色法测定硝酸还原酶活性,用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定淀粉酶活性和蔗糖转化酶活性;蔗糖合成酶活性和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性的测定则采用常用方法进行;不同海拔地区烤烟各时期碳氮代谢关键酶活性用图表的形式进行比对分析。通过各方面的综合分析来说明海拔高度对乌蒙烟区烤烟品质的影响。【结果】①乌蒙烟区烤烟糖含量较高,烟碱、总氮含量较为适宜,化学成分协调性较好;中海拔地区烟叶糖碱比、氮碱比均大于高、低海拔地区。②从移栽后60天开始,中海拔地区烤烟淀粉粒数量和大小发生明显变化,淀粉粒体积的增大和数量的增多均明显优于同时期高、低海拔地区。③中海拔地区烤烟在移栽后30天至50天期间,蔗糖转化酶活性大于高海拔地区,蔗糖合成酶、淀粉酶活性小于高海拔地区;在移栽后70天左右中海拔地区蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性最高,蔗糖合成酶活性居中,并最终使得中海拔地区糖含量高于高、低海拔地区。在氮代谢方面,硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性变化较单一,均为先升高后降低,中海拔地区谷氨酰胺合成酶活性最高,不仅促进了烟叶的成熟落黄也使得中海拔地区总氮和烟碱含量低于高、低海拔地区。中海拔地区烤烟生长过程中酶活性的相互协调使得该地区糖碱比、氮碱比都优于高、低海拔地区。【结论】海拔高度影响着乌蒙烟区烤烟碳氮代谢的水平;与乌蒙烟区高海拔、低海拔地区相比较,中海拔地区烟叶细胞发育更为合理,碳氮代谢协调性更好,化学成分更加协调,可作为乌蒙烟区特色烟叶种植的重要地区。
【Objectives】Carbon and nitrogen metabolism is affected by the activities of various enzymes,their variations directly or indirectly affect the contents and proportions of various chemical constituents of tobacco, impacting the quality of tobacco. In this paper, tobacco cultivar "Yunyan 97" was used as materials, and the activity differences of some enzymes affected by the growing altitudes were investigated to provide references for high quality tobacco cultivation in Wumeng hilly area, Yunnan Province. 【Methods】Tobacco leaf samples were collected in different growing stages. The conventional chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. The cell ultra structure was observed using transmission electronic microscope, the activity of nitrate reductase was measured using sulfa colorimetric method, and the activities of amylase and invertase by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic-acid method, the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase using conventional methods.【Results】The sugar contents is higher, the nicotine and total nitrogen contents are at a reasonable level, and the chemical components' coordination is satisfactory in the Wumeng hilly areas. The ratio of sugar to nicotine and that of total nitrogen to nicotine in the middle altitude areas are higher than in the high and low altitudes. At the 60 th day of the transplanting, the number and size of starch particles in the leaves are significantly different among tobaccos in different altitudes. The volume and number increase of the starch particles in the middle altitude areas are significantly higher than in the high and low altitudes at the same stage. From 30 to 50 d after transplanting, the activity of invertase in the middle altitude areas is greater than in the high attitude areas, while those of sucrose synthase and amylase in the middle altitude areas are less than in the high altitude areas. Around 70 d after the transplanting, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase in the middle altitude areas is highest and that of sucrose synthase is in the middle, and accordingly, the sugar content in the middle attitude areas is higher than in the high and low altitude areas. For the nitrogen metabolism, the nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities are reduced after the first rise, the activity of glutamine synthetase in the middle altitude areas is the highest, which promotes the maturation and yellow of tobacco, and induces high contents of nitrogen and nicotine in the middle attitude areas. During the growth of flue-cured tobacco, due to the coordination of the enzyme activities, the ratio of sugar to nicotine and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine in the middle attitude areas are better than those in the high and low altitude areas. 【Conclusions】Altitude is an important factor to influence the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco in Wumeng. Comparing the three altitudes, cell development of tobacco in the middle altitude areas is more reasonable, the coordination of the carbon and nitrogen metabolism is better and the chemical composition is more coordinated, and the areas can be used as predominant areas for planting tobacco in Wumeng.
【Objectives】Carbon and nitrogen metabolism is affected by the activities of various enzymes,their variations directly or indirectly affect the contents and proportions of various chemical constituents of tobacco, impacting the quality of tobacco. In this paper, tobacco cultivar "Yunyan 97" was used as materials, and the activity differences of some enzymes affected by the growing altitudes were investigated to provide references for high quality tobacco cultivation in Wumeng hilly area, Yunnan Province. 【Methods】Tobacco leaf samples were collected in different growing stages. The conventional chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. The cell ultra structure was observed using transmission electronic microscope, the activity of nitrate reductase was measured using sulfa colorimetric method, and the activities of amylase and invertase by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic-acid method, the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase using conventional methods.【Results】The sugar contents is higher, the nicotine and total nitrogen contents are at a reasonable level, and the chemical components' coordination is satisfactory in the Wumeng hilly areas. The ratio of sugar to nicotine and that of total nitrogen to nicotine in the middle altitude areas are higher than in the high and low altitudes. At the 60 th day of the transplanting, the number and size of starch particles in the leaves are significantly different among tobaccos in different altitudes. The volume and number increase of the starch particles in the middle altitude areas are significantly higher than in the high and low altitudes at the same stage. From 30 to 50 d after transplanting, the activity of invertase in the middle altitude areas is greater than in the high attitude areas, while those of sucrose synthase and amylase in the middle altitude areas are less than in the high altitude areas. Around 70 d after the transplanting, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase in the middle altitude areas is highest and that of sucrose synthase is in the middle, and accordingly, the sugar content in the middle attitude areas is higher than in the high and low altitude areas. For the nitrogen metabolism, the nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities are reduced after the first rise, the activity of glutamine synthetase in the middle altitude areas is the highest, which promotes the maturation and yellow of tobacco, and induces high contents of nitrogen and nicotine in the middle attitude areas. During the growth of flue-cured tobacco, due to the coordination of the enzyme activities, the ratio of sugar to nicotine and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine in the middle attitude areas are better than those in the high and low altitude areas. 【Conclusions】Altitude is an important factor to influence the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco in Wumeng. Comparing the three altitudes, cell development of tobacco in the middle altitude areas is more reasonable, the coordination of the carbon and nitrogen metabolism is better and the chemical composition is more coordinated, and the areas can be used as predominant areas for planting tobacco in Wumeng.
引文
[1]穆彪,杨健松,李明海.黔北大娄山区海拔高度与烤烟烟叶香吃味的关系研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(4):148–151.Mu B,Yang J S,Li M H.The relationship between aroma and taste of flue–cured tobacco leaves and elevation in mountainous region of northern of Guizhou[J].Chinese Journal Eco–Agriculture,2003,11(4):148–152.
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[3]胡国松,杨林波,魏巍,等.海拔高度、品种和某些栽培措施对烤烟香吃味的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2000,21(3):9–13.Hu G S,Yang L B,Wei W et al.Effect of altitude,variety and some cultivation techniques on the chemical and smoking qualities of flue–cured tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2000,21(3):9–13.
[4]陈传孟,陈继树,谷堂生,等.南岭山区不同海拔烤烟品质研究[J].中国烟草科学,1997(4):10–14.Chen C M,Chen J S,Gu T S et al.Study the quality of flue–cured tobacco at different altitudes in mountainous region of Nanling[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,1997(4):10–14.
[5]左天觉.烟草的生产、生理和生物化学[M].朱尊权,等译.上海:上海远东出版社,1993.Zuo T J.The production,physiology and biochemistry of tobacco[M].Translated by Zhu Z Q,Shanghai:Shanghai Far East Publishers,1993.
[6]莫建国.贵州优质烤烟栽培的农业气象条件分析[J].贵州气象,1998(4):27–29.Mo J G..Analyze the agro–meteorological conditions of quality tobacco cultivation in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Meteorology,1998(4):27–29.
[7]肖秀珠,周振湘,赖闽,等.烤烟气候适应性分析及基于GIS的专题农业气候区划[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(17):5319–5320.Zhu X Z,Zhou Z X,Lai M et al.Climate adaptability analysis of fiu–cured tobacco and special climate division based on GIS.Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science,2007,35(17):5319–5320.
[8]韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.Han J F.The cultivated physiology of tobacco[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1986.
[9]史宏志,韩锦峰.烤烟碳氮代谢几个问题的探讨[J].烟草科技,1998,(2):34–36.Shi H Z,Han J F.Study on issues of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue–cured tobacco[J].Tobacco Science and Technology,1998,(2):34–36.
[10]刘国顺,彭志良,黄元炯,等.N、P互作对烤烟碳氮代谢关键酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(5):33–37.Liu G S,Peng Z L,Huang Y J et al.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus interaction on enzyme activity in carbon and nitrogen metabolism[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2009,15(5):33–37.
[11]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:26–108.Zhou Q.The experimental instruction of plant physiology and biochemistry[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995:26–108.
[12]何仲佩.农作物化学控制实验指导[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1998:60–65.He Z P.The experimental instruction of chemical control of crop[M].Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,1998:60–65.
[13]Tang Z C.Guidance of Plant Physiological Experiment[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999.
[14]朱法亮,徐兴阳,罗华元,等.植物透射电镜样品制备技术探讨[J].中国野生植物资源,2006,25(3):41–43.Zhu F L,Xu X Y,Luo H Y et al.Plant samples preparation for the transmission electron Microscope[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2006,25(3):41–43.
[15]史宏志,韩锦峰,赵鹏,等.不同氮量与氮源下烤烟淀粉酶和转化酶活性动态变化[J].中国烟草科学,1999(3):5–8.Shi H Z,Han J F,Zhao P et al.The dynamic change of Amylase and amylase activity in different nitrogen sources and nitrogen content[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,1999(3):5–8.
[16]宫长荣,刘东洋.烤烟叶内几种酶活性变化及对化学成分的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2003(1):l–2.Gong C R,Liu D Y.Changes of some enzyme activites and their influence on the chemical components in flue–cured tobacco leaves[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2003(1):l–2.
[17]李玉潜,谢九生,谭中文.甘蔗叶片碳氮代谢与产量、品质关系研究初探[J].中国农业科学,1995,28(4):46–51.Li Y Q,Xie J S,Tan Z W.Preliminary discussion of the relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and yield,quality of sugarcane leaves[J].China Agricultural Science,1995,28(4):46–51.
[18]Elling L.Efect of metalions on Sucrose synthase from rice grains study on enzyme inhibition and enzyme topography[J].Glycobiology,1995,5(2):201–206.
[19]Huber S C.Role of sucrose–phosphate synthase in partitioning of carbon in leaves[J].Plant Physiol,1983,71:818–821.
[20]李广才,胡建军.烤烟成长过程中主要化学成分的变化[J].黑龙江烟草,1999(8):10–13.Li G C,Hu J J.On change of chemical compounds in growth process of flue–cured tobacco[J].Heilongjiang Tobacco,1999(8):10–13.
[21]李雪利,叶协锋,顾建国,等.土壤C/N比对烤烟碳氮代谢关键酶活性和烟叶品质影响的研究[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(3):32–36.Li X L,Ye X F,Gu J G et al.Effect of soil C/N ratio on activity of key enzymes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism and quality of flue–cured tobacco leaves[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2011,17(3):32–36.
[22]刘华山,田效园,韩锦峰,等.施钾量对上部烟叶钾和烟碱含量及相关酶活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(29):12787–12789Liu H S,Tian X Y,Han J F et al.Effects of different potassium levels on potassium and nicotine contents and related enzymes activeness in upper leaves of tobacco[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2008,36(29):12787–12789.
[23]Chai X Q,Yin L P,Lou S L et a1.Influence of different concentrations of N03––NH4+on the activity of glutamine synthetase and other relevant enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in wheat roots.Acta Botanica Sinica:1996,38(10):803–808.
[24]Verma D P S.1993.Control of plant Gene Expression.Boca Batom:CRC Press,443–458.
[25]刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.Liu G S.Tobacco cultivation[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.
[26]Tso T C.Production.Physiology and biochemistry of tobacco plant.Beltsvile Maryland[J],USA WEALS,lnc,1990.
[2]邵丽,晋艳,杨宇虹,等.生态条件对不同烤烟品种烟叶产质量的影响[J].烟草科技,2002(10):40–45.Shao L,Jin Y,Yang Y H et a1.Influences of ecological conditions on the yield and quality of different flue–cured cultivars[J].Tobacco Science and Technology,2002(10):40–45.
[3]胡国松,杨林波,魏巍,等.海拔高度、品种和某些栽培措施对烤烟香吃味的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2000,21(3):9–13.Hu G S,Yang L B,Wei W et al.Effect of altitude,variety and some cultivation techniques on the chemical and smoking qualities of flue–cured tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2000,21(3):9–13.
[4]陈传孟,陈继树,谷堂生,等.南岭山区不同海拔烤烟品质研究[J].中国烟草科学,1997(4):10–14.Chen C M,Chen J S,Gu T S et al.Study the quality of flue–cured tobacco at different altitudes in mountainous region of Nanling[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,1997(4):10–14.
[5]左天觉.烟草的生产、生理和生物化学[M].朱尊权,等译.上海:上海远东出版社,1993.Zuo T J.The production,physiology and biochemistry of tobacco[M].Translated by Zhu Z Q,Shanghai:Shanghai Far East Publishers,1993.
[6]莫建国.贵州优质烤烟栽培的农业气象条件分析[J].贵州气象,1998(4):27–29.Mo J G..Analyze the agro–meteorological conditions of quality tobacco cultivation in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Meteorology,1998(4):27–29.
[7]肖秀珠,周振湘,赖闽,等.烤烟气候适应性分析及基于GIS的专题农业气候区划[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(17):5319–5320.Zhu X Z,Zhou Z X,Lai M et al.Climate adaptability analysis of fiu–cured tobacco and special climate division based on GIS.Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science,2007,35(17):5319–5320.
[8]韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.Han J F.The cultivated physiology of tobacco[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1986.
[9]史宏志,韩锦峰.烤烟碳氮代谢几个问题的探讨[J].烟草科技,1998,(2):34–36.Shi H Z,Han J F.Study on issues of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue–cured tobacco[J].Tobacco Science and Technology,1998,(2):34–36.
[10]刘国顺,彭志良,黄元炯,等.N、P互作对烤烟碳氮代谢关键酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(5):33–37.Liu G S,Peng Z L,Huang Y J et al.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus interaction on enzyme activity in carbon and nitrogen metabolism[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2009,15(5):33–37.
[11]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:26–108.Zhou Q.The experimental instruction of plant physiology and biochemistry[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995:26–108.
[12]何仲佩.农作物化学控制实验指导[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1998:60–65.He Z P.The experimental instruction of chemical control of crop[M].Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,1998:60–65.
[13]Tang Z C.Guidance of Plant Physiological Experiment[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999.
[14]朱法亮,徐兴阳,罗华元,等.植物透射电镜样品制备技术探讨[J].中国野生植物资源,2006,25(3):41–43.Zhu F L,Xu X Y,Luo H Y et al.Plant samples preparation for the transmission electron Microscope[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2006,25(3):41–43.
[15]史宏志,韩锦峰,赵鹏,等.不同氮量与氮源下烤烟淀粉酶和转化酶活性动态变化[J].中国烟草科学,1999(3):5–8.Shi H Z,Han J F,Zhao P et al.The dynamic change of Amylase and amylase activity in different nitrogen sources and nitrogen content[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,1999(3):5–8.
[16]宫长荣,刘东洋.烤烟叶内几种酶活性变化及对化学成分的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2003(1):l–2.Gong C R,Liu D Y.Changes of some enzyme activites and their influence on the chemical components in flue–cured tobacco leaves[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2003(1):l–2.
[17]李玉潜,谢九生,谭中文.甘蔗叶片碳氮代谢与产量、品质关系研究初探[J].中国农业科学,1995,28(4):46–51.Li Y Q,Xie J S,Tan Z W.Preliminary discussion of the relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and yield,quality of sugarcane leaves[J].China Agricultural Science,1995,28(4):46–51.
[18]Elling L.Efect of metalions on Sucrose synthase from rice grains study on enzyme inhibition and enzyme topography[J].Glycobiology,1995,5(2):201–206.
[19]Huber S C.Role of sucrose–phosphate synthase in partitioning of carbon in leaves[J].Plant Physiol,1983,71:818–821.
[20]李广才,胡建军.烤烟成长过程中主要化学成分的变化[J].黑龙江烟草,1999(8):10–13.Li G C,Hu J J.On change of chemical compounds in growth process of flue–cured tobacco[J].Heilongjiang Tobacco,1999(8):10–13.
[21]李雪利,叶协锋,顾建国,等.土壤C/N比对烤烟碳氮代谢关键酶活性和烟叶品质影响的研究[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(3):32–36.Li X L,Ye X F,Gu J G et al.Effect of soil C/N ratio on activity of key enzymes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism and quality of flue–cured tobacco leaves[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2011,17(3):32–36.
[22]刘华山,田效园,韩锦峰,等.施钾量对上部烟叶钾和烟碱含量及相关酶活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(29):12787–12789Liu H S,Tian X Y,Han J F et al.Effects of different potassium levels on potassium and nicotine contents and related enzymes activeness in upper leaves of tobacco[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2008,36(29):12787–12789.
[23]Chai X Q,Yin L P,Lou S L et a1.Influence of different concentrations of N03––NH4+on the activity of glutamine synthetase and other relevant enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in wheat roots.Acta Botanica Sinica:1996,38(10):803–808.
[24]Verma D P S.1993.Control of plant Gene Expression.Boca Batom:CRC Press,443–458.
[25]刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.Liu G S.Tobacco cultivation[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.
[26]Tso T C.Production.Physiology and biochemistry of tobacco plant.Beltsvile Maryland[J],USA WEALS,lnc,1990.