地中海难民危机的国际治理机制与困境
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- 英文论文题名：The Mediterranean Refugee Crisis:International Governance and Its Predicament
- 论文作者：刘云
- 英文论文作者：Liu Yun
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：浙江师范大学非洲研究院;
- 论文关键词：地中海 ; 难民危机 ; 国际治理
- 英文论文关键词：the Mediterranean ; Refugee crisis ; International governance
- 会议召开时间：2016-12-01
- 会议录名称：非洲研究2016年第2卷（总第9卷）
- 英文会议录名称：African Studies(No.2,2016,Vol.9)
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：D815.6
- 学会代码：ZDFZ
- 学会名称：浙江师范大学非洲研究院
- 页数：12
- 文件大小：537k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
随着近年来西亚与非洲地区动荡不安,地中海地区的移民危机愈演愈烈,通过全球治理来解决地中海地区的难民与移民危机逐渐成为国际社会的共识。本文从全球治理的视角来探讨地中海地区的移民与难民问题,集中分析了地中海地区比较突出的移民与难民问题的现状和国际治理情况,进而对阻碍当前国际治理的障碍性因素进行分析,意在为新治理路径的选择提供有益的参考和借鉴。
Caused by the unrest in west Asia and Africa in recent years,the Mediterranean immigrants crisis is intensifying.It gradually becomes a consensus of the international community to solve the crisis of the Mediterranean refugees and migrants through international approaches.Based on the perspective of global governance,this paper probes into the crises of Mediterranean immigrants and refugees,the mechanism of international governance for it and the barrier factors to hinder the international governance.This paper is aimed at providing a beneficial reference for the improvement of international governance.
Caused by the unrest in west Asia and Africa in recent years,the Mediterranean immigrants crisis is intensifying.It gradually becomes a consensus of the international community to solve the crisis of the Mediterranean refugees and migrants through international approaches.Based on the perspective of global governance,this paper probes into the crises of Mediterranean immigrants and refugees,the mechanism of international governance for it and the barrier factors to hinder the international governance.This paper is aimed at providing a beneficial reference for the improvement of international governance.
引文
(1)Syrian Refugees,"Actions and political developments regarding Syria or refugees",May 31,2015.http://syrianrefugees.eu/?page_id=199.
(2)United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,"UNHCR Calls for Urgent Action as Hundreds Feared Lost in Mediterranean Boat Sinking,"News Stories,April 20,2015,http://www.unhor.org/5534dd539.html.
(3)UNHCR,"Refugees/Migrants Emergency Response-Mediterranean",Regional Overview,updated 20 May 2016,http://data,unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional,php.
(4)Frontex,"Annual Risk Analysis 2015,"April,2015,http://frontex.europa.eu/assets/Publications/Risk_Analysis/Annual_Risk_Analy-sis_2015.pdf.
(1)Tara Brian and Frank Laczko,"Counting Migrant Deaths:An International Overview",Tara Brian and Frank Laczko eds.,Fatal Journeys;Tracking Lives Lost during Migration,Geneva:International Organization Migration,2014,p.20.
(2)UNHCR,Refugees/Migrants Emergency Response-Mediterranean,Regional Overview,May20,2016,http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php.
(3)Ibid..
(4)Fabrizio Tassinari and Hans Lucht,"Fortress Europe:Behind the Continent's Migrant Crisis,"Foreign Affairs,April 29,2015,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/western-europe/2015-04-29/for-tress-europe.
(5)International Organization for Migration,"Migrant Deaths Soar as Mediterranean Sees Worst Tragedy in Living Memory,"April 19,2015,http://www.iom.int/news/migrant-deaths-soar-mediterranean-sees-worst-tragedy-living-memory.
(6)Nikolaj Nielsen,"EU rescue mission yet to receive extra cash or boats",EU Observer,May 4,2015,https://euobserver.com/justice/128566.
(1)"The Islamic Sute's(ISIS,ISIL)Magazine,"The Clarion Project,September 10,2014,http://www.clarionproject org/news/islamic-state-isis-isil-propaganda-magazine-dabiq.
(2)European Commission and High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs,"Addressing the Refugee Crisis in Europe:The Role of EU External Action",September 9,2015,pp.7-8,http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=celex;52015JC0040.
(1)See the website of the European Commission DG Migration and Home Affairs,April 13,2015,http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/international-affairs/global-approach-to-migration/index_en.htm.
(2)European Commission,"Communication on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility(GAMM)",https://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/eu-policy/communication-global-approach-migration-and-mobility-gamm_en.
(3)Sarah Wolff,"The Politics of Negotiating EU Readmission Agreements;Insights from Morocco and Turkey",European Journal of Migration and Law,Vol.16,No.1,2014,pp.69-95,https://sarahwolffeu.files,wordpress.com/2013/04/emil_016_01_pp.69-96-euras-sw.pdf.
(1)European Commission,On the work of the Task Force Mediterranean(COM/2013/869),December 4,2013,http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=celex:52013DC0869.
(2)T.Craig Murphy,"The Khartoum Process:EU-AU Cooperate to Combat Human Trafficking in the Horn of Africa",in IOM Blog,October 28,2014,http://weblog.iom.int/node/960.
(1)Eugenio Ambrosi,"Our Sea",New Europe,February 18,2015,https://www.iom.int/oped/our-sea.
(2)UN,"Turning blind eye not a solution to Mediterranean migrant crisis-UN rights expert",December 5,2014,http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49526.
(3)Ibid..
(4)The UNHCR Central Mediterranean Sea Initiative(CMSI)offers 12 interlinked concrete steps,such as a comprehensive and strategic policy on rescue at sea within the EU,which involves addressing issue of disembarkation,reception facilities and asylum-seekers procedure,but also cooperation with countries of transit and first asylum as well as with countries of origins.
(5)António Guterres,"Joint statement on Mediterranean crossings",UNHCR,April 23,2015,http://www.unhcr.org/5538d9079.html.
(6)Adele Gamier,"Migration Management and Humanitarian Protection",cit.,p.947.
(1)UNHCR,"IOM,IMO,UNODC and OHCHR Joint Statement on Protection at Sea in the Twenty-First Century",December 10,2014,http://www.unhcr.org/548825d59.html.
(1)Frontex,"Anti-trafficking Training for Border Guards.Trainers Manual",September,2012.
(2)Amnesty International European Institutions Office,Caritas Europa,Churches"Commission for Migrants in Europe,European Asylum Support Office,European Council for Refugees and Exiles,EU FRA,International Catholic Migration Commission,International Commission of Jurists,Jesuit Refugee Service,Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants,Red Cross EU Office.
(3)Daniel Wunderlich,"Europeanization through the Grapevine:Communication Gaps and the Role of International Organizations in Implementation Networks of EU External Migration Policy",Journal of European Integration,Vol.34,No.5,2012,p.500.
(4)Stephan Scheel and Philipp Ratfisch,"Refugee Protection Meets Migration Management:UNHCR as a Global Police of Populations",Journal ofEthnic and Migration Studies,Vol.40,No.6,2014,p.933.
(1)Stephan Scheel and Philipp Ratfisch,"Refugee Protection Meets Migration Management:UNHCR as a Global Police of Populations",Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,Vol.40,No.6,2014,p.934.
(2)Ibid.,p.930.
(3)Antoine Pecoud,"Informing Migrants to Manage Migration?An Analysis of IOM's Information Campaigns",in Martin Geiger and Antoine P6coud eds.,The Politics of International Migration Management,London:Palgrave Macmillan,2010,pp.184-201.
(4)Martin Geiger and Antoine Pecoud eds.,The Politics of International Migration Management,London:Palgrave Macmillan,2010,p.8.
(2)United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,"UNHCR Calls for Urgent Action as Hundreds Feared Lost in Mediterranean Boat Sinking,"News Stories,April 20,2015,http://www.unhor.org/5534dd539.html.
(3)UNHCR,"Refugees/Migrants Emergency Response-Mediterranean",Regional Overview,updated 20 May 2016,http://data,unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional,php.
(4)Frontex,"Annual Risk Analysis 2015,"April,2015,http://frontex.europa.eu/assets/Publications/Risk_Analysis/Annual_Risk_Analy-sis_2015.pdf.
(1)Tara Brian and Frank Laczko,"Counting Migrant Deaths:An International Overview",Tara Brian and Frank Laczko eds.,Fatal Journeys;Tracking Lives Lost during Migration,Geneva:International Organization Migration,2014,p.20.
(2)UNHCR,Refugees/Migrants Emergency Response-Mediterranean,Regional Overview,May20,2016,http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php.
(3)Ibid..
(4)Fabrizio Tassinari and Hans Lucht,"Fortress Europe:Behind the Continent's Migrant Crisis,"Foreign Affairs,April 29,2015,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/western-europe/2015-04-29/for-tress-europe.
(5)International Organization for Migration,"Migrant Deaths Soar as Mediterranean Sees Worst Tragedy in Living Memory,"April 19,2015,http://www.iom.int/news/migrant-deaths-soar-mediterranean-sees-worst-tragedy-living-memory.
(6)Nikolaj Nielsen,"EU rescue mission yet to receive extra cash or boats",EU Observer,May 4,2015,https://euobserver.com/justice/128566.
(1)"The Islamic Sute's(ISIS,ISIL)Magazine,"The Clarion Project,September 10,2014,http://www.clarionproject org/news/islamic-state-isis-isil-propaganda-magazine-dabiq.
(2)European Commission and High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs,"Addressing the Refugee Crisis in Europe:The Role of EU External Action",September 9,2015,pp.7-8,http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=celex;52015JC0040.
(1)See the website of the European Commission DG Migration and Home Affairs,April 13,2015,http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/international-affairs/global-approach-to-migration/index_en.htm.
(2)European Commission,"Communication on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility(GAMM)",https://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/eu-policy/communication-global-approach-migration-and-mobility-gamm_en.
(3)Sarah Wolff,"The Politics of Negotiating EU Readmission Agreements;Insights from Morocco and Turkey",European Journal of Migration and Law,Vol.16,No.1,2014,pp.69-95,https://sarahwolffeu.files,wordpress.com/2013/04/emil_016_01_pp.69-96-euras-sw.pdf.
(1)European Commission,On the work of the Task Force Mediterranean(COM/2013/869),December 4,2013,http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=celex:52013DC0869.
(2)T.Craig Murphy,"The Khartoum Process:EU-AU Cooperate to Combat Human Trafficking in the Horn of Africa",in IOM Blog,October 28,2014,http://weblog.iom.int/node/960.
(1)Eugenio Ambrosi,"Our Sea",New Europe,February 18,2015,https://www.iom.int/oped/our-sea.
(2)UN,"Turning blind eye not a solution to Mediterranean migrant crisis-UN rights expert",December 5,2014,http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49526.
(3)Ibid..
(4)The UNHCR Central Mediterranean Sea Initiative(CMSI)offers 12 interlinked concrete steps,such as a comprehensive and strategic policy on rescue at sea within the EU,which involves addressing issue of disembarkation,reception facilities and asylum-seekers procedure,but also cooperation with countries of transit and first asylum as well as with countries of origins.
(5)António Guterres,"Joint statement on Mediterranean crossings",UNHCR,April 23,2015,http://www.unhcr.org/5538d9079.html.
(6)Adele Gamier,"Migration Management and Humanitarian Protection",cit.,p.947.
(1)UNHCR,"IOM,IMO,UNODC and OHCHR Joint Statement on Protection at Sea in the Twenty-First Century",December 10,2014,http://www.unhcr.org/548825d59.html.
(1)Frontex,"Anti-trafficking Training for Border Guards.Trainers Manual",September,2012.
(2)Amnesty International European Institutions Office,Caritas Europa,Churches"Commission for Migrants in Europe,European Asylum Support Office,European Council for Refugees and Exiles,EU FRA,International Catholic Migration Commission,International Commission of Jurists,Jesuit Refugee Service,Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants,Red Cross EU Office.
(3)Daniel Wunderlich,"Europeanization through the Grapevine:Communication Gaps and the Role of International Organizations in Implementation Networks of EU External Migration Policy",Journal of European Integration,Vol.34,No.5,2012,p.500.
(4)Stephan Scheel and Philipp Ratfisch,"Refugee Protection Meets Migration Management:UNHCR as a Global Police of Populations",Journal ofEthnic and Migration Studies,Vol.40,No.6,2014,p.933.
(1)Stephan Scheel and Philipp Ratfisch,"Refugee Protection Meets Migration Management:UNHCR as a Global Police of Populations",Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,Vol.40,No.6,2014,p.934.
(2)Ibid.,p.930.
(3)Antoine Pecoud,"Informing Migrants to Manage Migration?An Analysis of IOM's Information Campaigns",in Martin Geiger and Antoine P6coud eds.,The Politics of International Migration Management,London:Palgrave Macmillan,2010,pp.184-201.
(4)Martin Geiger and Antoine Pecoud eds.,The Politics of International Migration Management,London:Palgrave Macmillan,2010,p.8.
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