双语经验对脑皮层老化的延缓
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- 英文论文题名：Bilingualism prevents cortical surface area reduction during brain aging:evidence from bimodal bilinguals
- 论文作者：李乐 ; Jubin Abutalebi ; 龚高浪 ; 邹丽娟 ; 晏心 ; 丁国盛
- 英文论文作者：Le Li ; Jubin Abutalebi ; Gaolang Gong ; Lijuan Zou ; Xin Yan ; Guosheng Ding ; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research ; Beijing Normal University ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences ; University Vita Salute San Raffaele ; College of Psychology and Education ; Zaozhuang University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室;Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University Vita Salute San Raffaele;山东省枣庄学院心理与教育系;
- 论文关键词：神经退化 ; 神经保护 ; 结构脑成像 ; 皮层表面积 ; 皮层厚度
- 英文论文关键词：neurodegeneration ; neuroprotection ; structural MRI ; surface-based measure
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：H0-05
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：777k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
长期双语经验可以延迟认知能力的下降和神经衰老的过程。单语者在老化过程中,在特定脑区会表现出灰质体积的减少,而双语者的这一趋势则减缓或消失,表现出双语经验对皮层衰老的保护作用。然而其内在机制尚不清楚。此外,灰质体积由皮层表面积和皮质厚度共同决定,而二者有不同的神经生物学基础。双语经验对皮层老化的保护是作用于皮层表面积还是皮质厚度,也不清楚。我们考察了熟练双模态(口语-手语)双语者的灰质体积,并与同年龄的单语组进行对比,发现单语组在左脑岛和双侧颞叶前部的灰质体积随着年龄的增长明显下降,而双语组则没有下降趋势,说明双模态双语者的双语经验在脑皮层老化中发挥了保护作用。在此基础上,我们进一步考察了两组人的皮层表面积和皮能厚度,发现皮层表面积的分析结果模式与灰质体积相同,而皮层厚度则没有表现出相应效应。这说明双模态双语者的双语经验对皮层老化的保护主要作用于皮层表面积而不是皮层厚度。这些发现加深了我们对双语经验延缓脑老化的内在机制的理解。
Long-term bilingual experience can delay cognitive decline and neurodegeneration with aging. Monolinguals were reported to show decreased gray matter volume(GMV) in several brain regions during aging as compared to age-matched bilinguals, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of bilingualism. However, it is unclear whether this effect reported for unimodal bilinguals also applies to bimodal bilinguals. Furthermore, GMV is a product of surface area and cortical thickness which have distinct neurobiological basis. It is unknown whether the protective effect on GMV for bilinguals can be ascribed to variation in surface area, cortical thickness or both. Here we compared aging effects on GMV, surface area and cortical thickness of proficient bimodal bilinguals to age-matched monolinguals. GMV analysis revealed a significant interaction effect of age × group, in which bilinguals did not show aging effects in the left insula and bilateral anterior temporal lobes while monolinguals did. The analyses on cortical surface-based measures in these regions further revealed surface area showed the same pattern of group difference as GMV did while cortical thickness did not. These novel findings enhance our understanding of the neuroprotective effects of bilingualism on brain aging by showing that the effects are modality-independent and detectable at the surface area level.
Long-term bilingual experience can delay cognitive decline and neurodegeneration with aging. Monolinguals were reported to show decreased gray matter volume(GMV) in several brain regions during aging as compared to age-matched bilinguals, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of bilingualism. However, it is unclear whether this effect reported for unimodal bilinguals also applies to bimodal bilinguals. Furthermore, GMV is a product of surface area and cortical thickness which have distinct neurobiological basis. It is unknown whether the protective effect on GMV for bilinguals can be ascribed to variation in surface area, cortical thickness or both. Here we compared aging effects on GMV, surface area and cortical thickness of proficient bimodal bilinguals to age-matched monolinguals. GMV analysis revealed a significant interaction effect of age × group, in which bilinguals did not show aging effects in the left insula and bilateral anterior temporal lobes while monolinguals did. The analyses on cortical surface-based measures in these regions further revealed surface area showed the same pattern of group difference as GMV did while cortical thickness did not. These novel findings enhance our understanding of the neuroprotective effects of bilingualism on brain aging by showing that the effects are modality-independent and detectable at the surface area level.
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