The Effectiveness of Two Soil Amendments:Gypsum and Polyacrylamide on Soil Erosion under Saline Conditions in Australia
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- 英文论文题名：The Effectiveness of Two Soil Amendments:Gypsum and Polyacrylamide on Soil Erosion under Saline Conditions in Australia
- 论文作者：Bahar Nader Al-Uzairy
- 英文论文作者：Bahar Nader Al-Uzairy ; College of Agriculture Baghdad University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：College of Agriculture Baghdad University;
- 英文论文关键词：Climate change ; soil salinity ; soil erosion ; gypsum and polyacrylamide
- 会议召开时间：2015-05-01
- 会议录名称：International Journal of Environmental Science and Development Vol.6 No.5
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：S157
- 学会代码：CDYA
- 学会名称：成都亚昂教育咨询有限公司
- 页数：6
- 文件大小：1341k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
This study investigates the interaction and the effectiveness of two soil amendments: Gypsum and Polyacrylamide(PAM) in minimizing soil erosion under saline condition. Erosion measurements were carried out on a sandy loam soil in the 1m × 6 m Flume of Griffith University's rainfall simulation facility(GUTSR). The results presented in this study suggest that by moderately increasing soil salinity(increasing EC from 0.5 to 4 dS/m). Soil erosion, as expressed in terms of sediment concentration and soil loss increased substantially. Sediment concentration increased 3.6 times and soil loss 4.6 times when compared with non-saline(control) soil. These findings have some important practical implications for agriculture on saline land. PAM can be successfully used for controlling or minimizing the adverse impacts of salinity such as increased erosion, surface sealing, and poor runoff water quality.
This study investigates the interaction and the effectiveness of two soil amendments: Gypsum and Polyacrylamide(PAM) in minimizing soil erosion under saline condition. Erosion measurements were carried out on a sandy loam soil in the 1m × 6 m Flume of Griffith University's rainfall simulation facility(GUTSR). The results presented in this study suggest that by moderately increasing soil salinity(increasing EC from 0.5 to 4 dS/m). Soil erosion, as expressed in terms of sediment concentration and soil loss increased substantially. Sediment concentration increased 3.6 times and soil loss 4.6 times when compared with non-saline(control) soil. These findings have some important practical implications for agriculture on saline land. PAM can be successfully used for controlling or minimizing the adverse impacts of salinity such as increased erosion, surface sealing, and poor runoff water quality.
This study investigates the interaction and the effectiveness of two soil amendments: Gypsum and Polyacrylamide(PAM) in minimizing soil erosion under saline condition. Erosion measurements were carried out on a sandy loam soil in the 1m × 6 m Flume of Griffith University's rainfall simulation facility(GUTSR). The results presented in this study suggest that by moderately increasing soil salinity(increasing EC from 0.5 to 4 dS/m). Soil erosion, as expressed in terms of sediment concentration and soil loss increased substantially. Sediment concentration increased 3.6 times and soil loss 4.6 times when compared with non-saline(control) soil. These findings have some important practical implications for agriculture on saline land. PAM can be successfully used for controlling or minimizing the adverse impacts of salinity such as increased erosion, surface sealing, and poor runoff water quality.
引文
[1]G.J.Hoffman and R.E.Evans,Design and Operation of Farm Irrigation,2nd ed.USA:St.Joseph,Michigan,2007,pp.1-32.
[2]F.Ghassemi,A.J.Jakeman,and H.A.Nix,Stalinization of Land and Water Resources:Human Causes,Extent,Management and Case Studies,The Australia National University,Canberra,Australia,and CAB International,Wallingford Oxon,UK,1995.
[3]Australian Government.(2009a).Salinity–Impacts.[Online].Available:http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/salinity/impacts/index.html
[4]Australian Government.(2009b).Salinity–Impacts and Costs–Queensland.[Online].Available:http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/salinity/impacts/qld.html
[5]Australian State of the Environment Committee,Australia:State of the Environment,Melbourne,Victoria:CSIRO Publishing,2001.
[6]Webb.Dryland Salinity Risk Assessment in Queensland.(2002).Report prepared for the Consortium for Integrated Resource Management.[Online].Available:http://www.cirm.org.au/pdf/salinity.pdf
[7]National Land and Resources Audit,Australian agriculture assessment.(2001).National Land and Water Australia.[Online].p.129.Available:http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/agriculture/pubs/national/agriculture_c ontents.html.
[8]K.Edwards,“Soil erosion and conservation in Australia,”in World Soil Erosion and Conservation,D.Pimentel,Ed.2010,pp.147-170.
[9]T.B.Ribolzi,A.Casenave,J.P.Delhoume,J.Ducloux,and V.Valles,“Hydrochemistry of runoff and subsurface flow within Sahelianmicrodunes,”European Journal of Soil Science,vol.54,pp.531–542,2003.
[10]M.Neave and S.Rayburg.“Salinity and erosion:A preliminary investigation of soil erosion on a salinized hillslope”in Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems,J.S.Rowan,R.W.Duck,and A.Werritty,Eds.IAHS Publication,2006.
[11]Commonwealth of Australia,A National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality in Australia:Canberra,2000.
[12]H.Ghadiri,J.Hussein,and W.Rose,“A Study of the Interactions between salinity,soil erosion,and pollutant transport on three Queensland soils,”Australian Journal of Soil Research,vol.45,pp.404-413,2007.
[13]World Population Policies,2005,United Nations,Department of Economic and Social Affairs,March 2006.
[14]R.Lal,“Soils and sustainable agriculture,”Agron.Sust.Dev.,p.8,2007.
[15]S.M.Wilson,“Dryland and urban salinity costs across the MurrayDarling Basin,”An Overview and Guidelines for Identifying and Valuing the Impacts,Murray-Darling Basin Commission,Canberra,2004.
[16]R.Lal,“Soil degradation by erosion,”Land degradation and Development,vol.12,pp.519-539,2001.
[17]C.Trevor and K.Kenyon.(2004).What is salinity?Queensland government.[Online]Available:http://www.qld.waterwatch.org.au/schools/pdf/resource_book_a.pdf
[18]H.Ghadiri,I.Dordipour,M.Bybordi and M.J.Malakourti,“Potential use of Caspian Sea for supplementary irrigation in North Iran,”Agriculture of Water Management.,vol.79,pp.209-22,2004.
[19]K.Nossal and P.Gooday,“Raising Productivity Growth in Australian Agriculture,”Issues Insights,Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics,vol.9,p.7,2009.
[20]A.T.P.Ivey,“The current cost of dryland salinity to agricultural landholders in selected Victorian and New South Wales catchments,”Ivey ATP Report,Murray-Darling Basin Commission and the National Dryland Salinity Program,Canberra,2000.
[21]R.Ali.(2008).Salinity.[Online]Available:http://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/factsheets/Salinity Fact Sheet.pdf
[22]R.Yeo,S.A.Flowers,G.Rao,K.Welfare,N.Senanayake,and T.J.Flowers,“Silicon reduces sodium uptake in rice(Oryzasativa L.)in saline”The Global Problems of Salt Affected Soil,Acta.Agronomica Hungarica,vol.36,pp.159–172.
[23]I.Mamedov,I.Shainberg,and G.J.Levy,“Rainfall energy effects on runoff and interrill erosion in effluent irrigated soils,”Soil Science,vol.165,pp.535-544,2000.
[24]Commonwealth of Australia,Developing and Using Program Logic In Natural Resource Management,2009.
[25]H.Ghadiri,C.W.Rose,and W.L.Hogarth.“The Influence of grass and porous barrier strips on runoff hydrology and sediment transport,”Transactions American Society of Agricultural Engineers,vol.44,pp.259-268,2001.
[26]I.Mamedov,G.J.Levy,I.Shainberg,and J.Letey.“Wetting rate,sodicity and texture effects on infiltration rate and runoff,”Australian Journal of Soil Research.vol.39,pp.1293-1303,2001.
[27]G.J.Levy,D.Goldstein,A.I.Mamedov et al.,“Prewetting rate and sodicity effect on the hydraulic conductivity of soils,”Australian Journal of Soil Research,vol.36,pp.1279-1291,2001.
[28]G.J.Levy,A.I.Mamedov et al.,“Prewetting rate and sodicity effects on soil permeability and surface sealing,”Acta.Horticulture,vol.573,pp.21-28,2002.
[29]A.Rose and H.Ghadiri,“Transport and enrichment of soil-sorbed chemicals,”in Modelling the Fate of Chemicals in the Environment Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies,I.Moore,Ed.Australian National University,Canberra,pp.90–101,1991.
[30]Shainberg,M.E.Summer,W.P.Miller,M.P.Farina,M.A.Pavan,and M.V.Fey,“Use of gypsum on soil:a Review,”in Advances in Soil Science,B.A.Stewart,Ed.pp.91-101,1989.
[31]T.Bariac,A.Casenave,J.P.Delhoume et al.,“Hydrochemistry of runoff and subsurface flow within Sahelianmicrodunes,”European Journal of Soil Science,vol.54,pp.531–542,2003.
[32]P.B.Hairsine and C.W.Rose,“Rainfall detachment and deposition:Sediment transport in the absence of flow-driven processes,”Soil Science Society of America Journal,vol.55,pp.321-324,1991.
[33]R.P.C.Morgan,D.D.V.Morgan,and H.J Finney.“A predictive model for the assessment of erosion risk,”Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research.,vol.30,pp.245–253,1984.
[34]W.Rose,J.R.Williams,G.C.Sander,and D.A Barry,“A mathematical model of soil erosion and deposition processes.I.Theory for a plane land element,”Soil Science society of America Journal,vol.47,pp.991-995,1983.
[35]H.Ghadiri and D.Payne,“Raindrop impact stress and the breakdown of soil crumbs,”Journal of soil Sciences,vol.28,pp.247-258,1977.
[36]H.Ghadiri and D.Payne,“Raindrop impact and soil splash,”in Soil Physical properties and Crop production in the Tropics,D.G.Greenland and R.Lal,Eds.John Wiley and Sons:London,1979,pp.95-105.
[37]R.Peterson,D.C.Flanagan,and J.K.Tishmack,2002a,“Polyacrylamide and gypsiferous material effects on runoff and erosion under simulated rainfall,”Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,vol.45,pp.1011-1019.
[38]A.Roa-Espinosa,G.D.Bubenzer,and E.S.Miyashita,“Sediment and runoff control on construction sites using four application methods of polyacrylamide mix,”American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1999.
[2]F.Ghassemi,A.J.Jakeman,and H.A.Nix,Stalinization of Land and Water Resources:Human Causes,Extent,Management and Case Studies,The Australia National University,Canberra,Australia,and CAB International,Wallingford Oxon,UK,1995.
[3]Australian Government.(2009a).Salinity–Impacts.[Online].Available:http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/salinity/impacts/index.html
[4]Australian Government.(2009b).Salinity–Impacts and Costs–Queensland.[Online].Available:http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/salinity/impacts/qld.html
[5]Australian State of the Environment Committee,Australia:State of the Environment,Melbourne,Victoria:CSIRO Publishing,2001.
[6]Webb.Dryland Salinity Risk Assessment in Queensland.(2002).Report prepared for the Consortium for Integrated Resource Management.[Online].Available:http://www.cirm.org.au/pdf/salinity.pdf
[7]National Land and Resources Audit,Australian agriculture assessment.(2001).National Land and Water Australia.[Online].p.129.Available:http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/agriculture/pubs/national/agriculture_c ontents.html.
[8]K.Edwards,“Soil erosion and conservation in Australia,”in World Soil Erosion and Conservation,D.Pimentel,Ed.2010,pp.147-170.
[9]T.B.Ribolzi,A.Casenave,J.P.Delhoume,J.Ducloux,and V.Valles,“Hydrochemistry of runoff and subsurface flow within Sahelianmicrodunes,”European Journal of Soil Science,vol.54,pp.531–542,2003.
[10]M.Neave and S.Rayburg.“Salinity and erosion:A preliminary investigation of soil erosion on a salinized hillslope”in Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems,J.S.Rowan,R.W.Duck,and A.Werritty,Eds.IAHS Publication,2006.
[11]Commonwealth of Australia,A National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality in Australia:Canberra,2000.
[12]H.Ghadiri,J.Hussein,and W.Rose,“A Study of the Interactions between salinity,soil erosion,and pollutant transport on three Queensland soils,”Australian Journal of Soil Research,vol.45,pp.404-413,2007.
[13]World Population Policies,2005,United Nations,Department of Economic and Social Affairs,March 2006.
[14]R.Lal,“Soils and sustainable agriculture,”Agron.Sust.Dev.,p.8,2007.
[15]S.M.Wilson,“Dryland and urban salinity costs across the MurrayDarling Basin,”An Overview and Guidelines for Identifying and Valuing the Impacts,Murray-Darling Basin Commission,Canberra,2004.
[16]R.Lal,“Soil degradation by erosion,”Land degradation and Development,vol.12,pp.519-539,2001.
[17]C.Trevor and K.Kenyon.(2004).What is salinity?Queensland government.[Online]Available:http://www.qld.waterwatch.org.au/schools/pdf/resource_book_a.pdf
[18]H.Ghadiri,I.Dordipour,M.Bybordi and M.J.Malakourti,“Potential use of Caspian Sea for supplementary irrigation in North Iran,”Agriculture of Water Management.,vol.79,pp.209-22,2004.
[19]K.Nossal and P.Gooday,“Raising Productivity Growth in Australian Agriculture,”Issues Insights,Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics,vol.9,p.7,2009.
[20]A.T.P.Ivey,“The current cost of dryland salinity to agricultural landholders in selected Victorian and New South Wales catchments,”Ivey ATP Report,Murray-Darling Basin Commission and the National Dryland Salinity Program,Canberra,2000.
[21]R.Ali.(2008).Salinity.[Online]Available:http://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/factsheets/Salinity Fact Sheet.pdf
[22]R.Yeo,S.A.Flowers,G.Rao,K.Welfare,N.Senanayake,and T.J.Flowers,“Silicon reduces sodium uptake in rice(Oryzasativa L.)in saline”The Global Problems of Salt Affected Soil,Acta.Agronomica Hungarica,vol.36,pp.159–172.
[23]I.Mamedov,I.Shainberg,and G.J.Levy,“Rainfall energy effects on runoff and interrill erosion in effluent irrigated soils,”Soil Science,vol.165,pp.535-544,2000.
[24]Commonwealth of Australia,Developing and Using Program Logic In Natural Resource Management,2009.
[25]H.Ghadiri,C.W.Rose,and W.L.Hogarth.“The Influence of grass and porous barrier strips on runoff hydrology and sediment transport,”Transactions American Society of Agricultural Engineers,vol.44,pp.259-268,2001.
[26]I.Mamedov,G.J.Levy,I.Shainberg,and J.Letey.“Wetting rate,sodicity and texture effects on infiltration rate and runoff,”Australian Journal of Soil Research.vol.39,pp.1293-1303,2001.
[27]G.J.Levy,D.Goldstein,A.I.Mamedov et al.,“Prewetting rate and sodicity effect on the hydraulic conductivity of soils,”Australian Journal of Soil Research,vol.36,pp.1279-1291,2001.
[28]G.J.Levy,A.I.Mamedov et al.,“Prewetting rate and sodicity effects on soil permeability and surface sealing,”Acta.Horticulture,vol.573,pp.21-28,2002.
[29]A.Rose and H.Ghadiri,“Transport and enrichment of soil-sorbed chemicals,”in Modelling the Fate of Chemicals in the Environment Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies,I.Moore,Ed.Australian National University,Canberra,pp.90–101,1991.
[30]Shainberg,M.E.Summer,W.P.Miller,M.P.Farina,M.A.Pavan,and M.V.Fey,“Use of gypsum on soil:a Review,”in Advances in Soil Science,B.A.Stewart,Ed.pp.91-101,1989.
[31]T.Bariac,A.Casenave,J.P.Delhoume et al.,“Hydrochemistry of runoff and subsurface flow within Sahelianmicrodunes,”European Journal of Soil Science,vol.54,pp.531–542,2003.
[32]P.B.Hairsine and C.W.Rose,“Rainfall detachment and deposition:Sediment transport in the absence of flow-driven processes,”Soil Science Society of America Journal,vol.55,pp.321-324,1991.
[33]R.P.C.Morgan,D.D.V.Morgan,and H.J Finney.“A predictive model for the assessment of erosion risk,”Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research.,vol.30,pp.245–253,1984.
[34]W.Rose,J.R.Williams,G.C.Sander,and D.A Barry,“A mathematical model of soil erosion and deposition processes.I.Theory for a plane land element,”Soil Science society of America Journal,vol.47,pp.991-995,1983.
[35]H.Ghadiri and D.Payne,“Raindrop impact stress and the breakdown of soil crumbs,”Journal of soil Sciences,vol.28,pp.247-258,1977.
[36]H.Ghadiri and D.Payne,“Raindrop impact and soil splash,”in Soil Physical properties and Crop production in the Tropics,D.G.Greenland and R.Lal,Eds.John Wiley and Sons:London,1979,pp.95-105.
[37]R.Peterson,D.C.Flanagan,and J.K.Tishmack,2002a,“Polyacrylamide and gypsiferous material effects on runoff and erosion under simulated rainfall,”Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,vol.45,pp.1011-1019.
[38]A.Roa-Espinosa,G.D.Bubenzer,and E.S.Miyashita,“Sediment and runoff control on construction sites using four application methods of polyacrylamide mix,”American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1999.