21世纪西方比较城市研究进展述评
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摘要
随着全球化的深入推进,出现了全球范围的城市重构,传统基于欧美经验的城市理论与研究范式面临瓦解。响应后殖民主义,比较城市研究开始复兴,其注重对传统理论的反思,通过将全球的城市纳入实证研究范围来探索城市理论的转型与建构,因此成为当代城市领域的研究热点。为了把握国际城市研究前沿,本文系统梳理当代西方比较城市研究的最新进展,全面评述和解析比较城市研究的发展进程、理论、策略及主要内容。在此基础上,结合当前中国新型城镇化建设的理论与实践问题,对中国的城市研究及建设提出展望和建议,希望以此拓展国际视野,为中国城市理论发展提供参考和借鉴。
引文
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[2]Arabindoo P.“City of sand”:stately re-imagination of Marina Beach in Chennai[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2011,35(2):379-401.
[3]Benjamin S.Occupancy urbanism:radicalizing politics and economy beyond policy and programs[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2008,32(3):719-729.
[4]Brenner N.World city theory,globalization and the comparative-historical method-Reflections on Janet Abu-Lughod's interpretation of contemporary urban restructuring[J].Urban Affairs Review,2001,37(1):124-147.
[5]Brenner N.New state spaces[M].New York,NY:Oxford University Press,2004.
[6]Brenner N.Restructuring,rescaling and the urban question[J].Critical Planning,2009,16(4):61-79.
[7]Brenner N.Theses on urbanization[J].Public Culture,2013,25(1):85-114.
[8]Cochrane A,Ward K.Researching the geographies of policy mobility:Confronting the methodological challenges[J].Environment and Planning A,2012,44:5-12.
[9]Dear M.Comparative urbanism[J].Urban Geography,2005,26(3):247-251.
[10]Denters B,Mossberger K.Building blocks for a methodology for comparative urban political research[J].Urban Affairs Review,2006,41(4):550-571.
[11]Dick H W,Rimmer P J.Beyond the third world city:the new urban geography of South-east Asia[J].Urban Studies,1998,35(12):2303-2321.
[12]Fainstein S.The city-builders:property,politics and planning in London and New York[M].Cambridge,MA:Blackwell,1994.
[13]Fourchard L,Bekker S.Governing cities in Africa:politics and policies[M].Pretoria:HSRC Press,2013.
[14]Friedmann J.The world city hypothesis[J].Development and Change,1986,17:69-83.
[15]Fainstein S.The city builders:property development in New York and London,1980-2000[M].Lawrence,KS:University of Kansas Press,2001.
[16]Glaeser E.Triumph of the City[M].London:Macmillan,2011.
[17]Gluckman M.Anthropological problems arising from the African industrial revolution[M]//Southall A.Social Change in Modern Africa.London,UK:Oxford University Press,1961:67-82.
[18]Goldfrank B,Schrank A.Municipal neoliberalism and municipal socialism:urban political economy in Latin America[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2009,33(2):443-462.
[19]Harding A.Urban regimes and growth machines:towards a cross-national research agenda[J].Urban Affairs Quarterly,1994,29(3):356-382.
[20]Harris A.From London to Mumbai and back again:gentrification and public policy in comparative perspective[J].Urban Studies,2008,45(12):2407-2428.
[21]Huchzermeyer M.Tenement cities:from 19th century Berlin to 21st century Nairobi[M].Trenton,NJ:Africa World Press,2011.
[22]Jacobs J.A geography of big things[J].Cultural Geographies,2006,13(1):1-27.
[23]Jacobs J.Commentary:Comparing comparative urbanisms[J].Urban Geography,2012,33(6):904-914.
[24]Jazeel T.Subaltern geographies:geographical knowledge and postcolonial strategy[J].Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography,2014,35(1):88-103.
[25]Kantor P,Savitch H V.How to study comparative urban development politics:A research note[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2005,29(1):135-151.
[26]Keil R.Suburban constellations:governance,land and infrastructure in the 21st century[M].Berlin:Jovis Verlag,2013.
[27]King A D.Global cities:post-imperialism and the internationalization of London[M].New York:Russell Sage,1991.
[28]Lees L.The geography of gentrification:thinking through comparative urbanism[J].Progress in Human Geography,2012,36(2):155-171.
[29]Lemanski C.Urban theory as empirically embedded:hybrid gentrification and downward raiding in a South African‘slum’[J].Urban Studies,2014,51(14):2943-2960.
[30]Lijphart A.Comparative politics and the comparative method[J].The American Political Science Review,1971,65:682-693.
[31]Mc Farlane C.The comparative city:knowledge,learning,urbanism[J].International journal of urban and regional research,2010,34(4):725-742.
[32]Mc Cann E,Ward K.Mobile Urbanism:Cities and Policy Making in a Global Age[M].Minneapolis,MN:Minnesota University Press,2011.
[33]Mc Farlane C.Assemblage and critical urbanism[J].City,2011,15(2):204-224.
[34]Mc Farlane C,Robinson J.Introduction-experiments in comparative urbanism[J].Urban Geography,2012,33(6):765-773.
[35]Massey D.World city[M].Cambridge:Polity,2007.
[36]Merrifield A.The urban question under planetary urbanization[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2013,37(3):909-922.
[37]Nijman J.Introduction-comparative urbanism[J].Urban Geography,2007,28(1):1-6.
[38]Olds,K.Globalization and urban change:capital,labour and Pacific Rim mega-projects[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001.
[39]Osborne P.On comparability:Kant and the possibility of comparative studies[J].Boundary 2,2005,32(2):3-22.
[40]Parnell S,Oldfield S.Handbook for cities of the global South[M].London:Routledge,2014.
[41]Peck J,Theodore N.Recombinant workfare,across the Americas:transnationalizing fast social policy[J].Geoforum,2010,41(2):195-208.
[42]Peck J,Theodore N.Fast Policy:Experimental Statecraft at the Thresholds of Neoliberalism[M].Minnesota,MN:University of Minnesota Press,2015.
[43]Peck J.Cities beyond compare?[J].Regional Studies,2015,49(1):160-182.
[44]Pierre J.Comparative Urban Governance Uncovering Complex Causalities[J].Urban affairs review,2005,40(4):446-462.
[45]Pickvance C G.Comparative urban analysis and assumptions about causality[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,1986,10(2):162-184.
[46]Przeworski A,Tuene H.The logic of comparative inquiry[M].New York:Wiley,1970.
[47]Robinson J.Global and world cities:a view from off the map[J].International journal of urban and regional research,2002,26(3):531-554.
[48]Robinson J.Urban geography:world cities,or a world of cities[J].Progress in Human Geography,2005,29(6):757-765.
[49]Robinson J.Ordinary cities:between modernity and development[M].London,UK,and New York,NY:Routledge,2006.
[50]Robinson J.Cities in a world of cities:the comparative gesture[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2011,35(1):1-23
[51]Robinson J.New geographies of theorizing the urban:putting comparison to work for global urban studies[M]//Parnell S,Oldfield S.The Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South.London:Routledge,2014:57-70.
[52]Robinson J.Comparative Urbanism:New Geographies and Cultures of Theorizing the Urban[J].International Journal of Urban&Regional Research,2015.
[53]Roy A.The 21st century metropolis:New geographies of theory[J].Regional Studies,2009,43(6):819-830.
[54]Roy A,Ong A.Worlding cities:Asian experiments and the art of being global[M].John Wiley&Sons,2011.
[55]Sassen S.The global city:New York,London,Tokyo[M].Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1991.
[56]Sellers J M.Re-Placing the Nation An Agenda for Comparative Urban Politics[J].Urban Affairs Review,2005,40(4):419-445.
[57]Simone A.Straddling the divides:Remaking associational life in the informal African city[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2001,25:102-117
[58]Simone A.For the city yet to come:changing African life in four cities[M].Durham and London:Duke University Press,2004.
[59]Simone A.The surfacing of urban life[J].City,2011,15(3-4):355-364.
[60]Smith M P.Transnational urbanism[M].Oxford:Blackwell,2001.
[61]Soja E.The stimulus of a little confusion:A contemporary comparison of Amsterdam and Los Angeles[M]//Smith M P.After modernism:Global restructuring and the changing boundaries of city life.New Brunswick,NJ:Transaction Publishers,1992:17-38.
[62]Storper M,Scott A J.Current debates in urban theory:A critical assessment[J].Urban Studies,2016,53(6):1114-1136.
[63]Taylor P J.World city network:A global urban analysis[M].London:Routledge,2004.
[64]Tilly C.Big structures,large processes,huge comparisons[M].New York:Russell Sage Foundation,1984.
[65]Waley P.Japanese cities in Chinese perspective:Towards a contextual,regional approach to comparative urbanism[J].Urban Geography,2012,33:816-828.
[66]Walton J.Theoretical methods in comparative urban politics[M]//Logan J R,Swanstrom T.Beyond the city limits:urban policy and economic restructuring in comparative perspective.Philadelphia:Temple University Press,1990:243-260.
[67]Ward K.“Policies in motion”,urban management and state restructuring:the trans-local expansion of business improvement districts[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2006,30(1):54-70.
[68]Ward K.Towards a relational comparative approach to the study of cities[J].Progress in Human Geography,2010,34(4):471-487.
[69]Watson V.Seeing from the south:Refocusing urban planning on the globe’s central urban issues[J].Urban Studies,2009,46(11):2259-2275.
[70]Yiftachel O.Theorizing“gray space”:the coming of urban apartheid?[J].Planning Theory,2009,8(1):88-100.
[71]张京祥,赵丹,陈浩.增长主义的终结与中国城市规划的转型[J].城市规划,2013,37(1):45-50.
(1)国家统计局.最近10年国内生产总值[EB/OL].http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01&zb=A0201&sj=2014.2015-10-28/2015-10-28.
[2]Arabindoo P.“City of sand”:stately re-imagination of Marina Beach in Chennai[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2011,35(2):379-401.
[3]Benjamin S.Occupancy urbanism:radicalizing politics and economy beyond policy and programs[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2008,32(3):719-729.
[4]Brenner N.World city theory,globalization and the comparative-historical method-Reflections on Janet Abu-Lughod's interpretation of contemporary urban restructuring[J].Urban Affairs Review,2001,37(1):124-147.
[5]Brenner N.New state spaces[M].New York,NY:Oxford University Press,2004.
[6]Brenner N.Restructuring,rescaling and the urban question[J].Critical Planning,2009,16(4):61-79.
[7]Brenner N.Theses on urbanization[J].Public Culture,2013,25(1):85-114.
[8]Cochrane A,Ward K.Researching the geographies of policy mobility:Confronting the methodological challenges[J].Environment and Planning A,2012,44:5-12.
[9]Dear M.Comparative urbanism[J].Urban Geography,2005,26(3):247-251.
[10]Denters B,Mossberger K.Building blocks for a methodology for comparative urban political research[J].Urban Affairs Review,2006,41(4):550-571.
[11]Dick H W,Rimmer P J.Beyond the third world city:the new urban geography of South-east Asia[J].Urban Studies,1998,35(12):2303-2321.
[12]Fainstein S.The city-builders:property,politics and planning in London and New York[M].Cambridge,MA:Blackwell,1994.
[13]Fourchard L,Bekker S.Governing cities in Africa:politics and policies[M].Pretoria:HSRC Press,2013.
[14]Friedmann J.The world city hypothesis[J].Development and Change,1986,17:69-83.
[15]Fainstein S.The city builders:property development in New York and London,1980-2000[M].Lawrence,KS:University of Kansas Press,2001.
[16]Glaeser E.Triumph of the City[M].London:Macmillan,2011.
[17]Gluckman M.Anthropological problems arising from the African industrial revolution[M]//Southall A.Social Change in Modern Africa.London,UK:Oxford University Press,1961:67-82.
[18]Goldfrank B,Schrank A.Municipal neoliberalism and municipal socialism:urban political economy in Latin America[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2009,33(2):443-462.
[19]Harding A.Urban regimes and growth machines:towards a cross-national research agenda[J].Urban Affairs Quarterly,1994,29(3):356-382.
[20]Harris A.From London to Mumbai and back again:gentrification and public policy in comparative perspective[J].Urban Studies,2008,45(12):2407-2428.
[21]Huchzermeyer M.Tenement cities:from 19th century Berlin to 21st century Nairobi[M].Trenton,NJ:Africa World Press,2011.
[22]Jacobs J.A geography of big things[J].Cultural Geographies,2006,13(1):1-27.
[23]Jacobs J.Commentary:Comparing comparative urbanisms[J].Urban Geography,2012,33(6):904-914.
[24]Jazeel T.Subaltern geographies:geographical knowledge and postcolonial strategy[J].Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography,2014,35(1):88-103.
[25]Kantor P,Savitch H V.How to study comparative urban development politics:A research note[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2005,29(1):135-151.
[26]Keil R.Suburban constellations:governance,land and infrastructure in the 21st century[M].Berlin:Jovis Verlag,2013.
[27]King A D.Global cities:post-imperialism and the internationalization of London[M].New York:Russell Sage,1991.
[28]Lees L.The geography of gentrification:thinking through comparative urbanism[J].Progress in Human Geography,2012,36(2):155-171.
[29]Lemanski C.Urban theory as empirically embedded:hybrid gentrification and downward raiding in a South African‘slum’[J].Urban Studies,2014,51(14):2943-2960.
[30]Lijphart A.Comparative politics and the comparative method[J].The American Political Science Review,1971,65:682-693.
[31]Mc Farlane C.The comparative city:knowledge,learning,urbanism[J].International journal of urban and regional research,2010,34(4):725-742.
[32]Mc Cann E,Ward K.Mobile Urbanism:Cities and Policy Making in a Global Age[M].Minneapolis,MN:Minnesota University Press,2011.
[33]Mc Farlane C.Assemblage and critical urbanism[J].City,2011,15(2):204-224.
[34]Mc Farlane C,Robinson J.Introduction-experiments in comparative urbanism[J].Urban Geography,2012,33(6):765-773.
[35]Massey D.World city[M].Cambridge:Polity,2007.
[36]Merrifield A.The urban question under planetary urbanization[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2013,37(3):909-922.
[37]Nijman J.Introduction-comparative urbanism[J].Urban Geography,2007,28(1):1-6.
[38]Olds,K.Globalization and urban change:capital,labour and Pacific Rim mega-projects[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001.
[39]Osborne P.On comparability:Kant and the possibility of comparative studies[J].Boundary 2,2005,32(2):3-22.
[40]Parnell S,Oldfield S.Handbook for cities of the global South[M].London:Routledge,2014.
[41]Peck J,Theodore N.Recombinant workfare,across the Americas:transnationalizing fast social policy[J].Geoforum,2010,41(2):195-208.
[42]Peck J,Theodore N.Fast Policy:Experimental Statecraft at the Thresholds of Neoliberalism[M].Minnesota,MN:University of Minnesota Press,2015.
[43]Peck J.Cities beyond compare?[J].Regional Studies,2015,49(1):160-182.
[44]Pierre J.Comparative Urban Governance Uncovering Complex Causalities[J].Urban affairs review,2005,40(4):446-462.
[45]Pickvance C G.Comparative urban analysis and assumptions about causality[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,1986,10(2):162-184.
[46]Przeworski A,Tuene H.The logic of comparative inquiry[M].New York:Wiley,1970.
[47]Robinson J.Global and world cities:a view from off the map[J].International journal of urban and regional research,2002,26(3):531-554.
[48]Robinson J.Urban geography:world cities,or a world of cities[J].Progress in Human Geography,2005,29(6):757-765.
[49]Robinson J.Ordinary cities:between modernity and development[M].London,UK,and New York,NY:Routledge,2006.
[50]Robinson J.Cities in a world of cities:the comparative gesture[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2011,35(1):1-23
[51]Robinson J.New geographies of theorizing the urban:putting comparison to work for global urban studies[M]//Parnell S,Oldfield S.The Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South.London:Routledge,2014:57-70.
[52]Robinson J.Comparative Urbanism:New Geographies and Cultures of Theorizing the Urban[J].International Journal of Urban&Regional Research,2015.
[53]Roy A.The 21st century metropolis:New geographies of theory[J].Regional Studies,2009,43(6):819-830.
[54]Roy A,Ong A.Worlding cities:Asian experiments and the art of being global[M].John Wiley&Sons,2011.
[55]Sassen S.The global city:New York,London,Tokyo[M].Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1991.
[56]Sellers J M.Re-Placing the Nation An Agenda for Comparative Urban Politics[J].Urban Affairs Review,2005,40(4):419-445.
[57]Simone A.Straddling the divides:Remaking associational life in the informal African city[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2001,25:102-117
[58]Simone A.For the city yet to come:changing African life in four cities[M].Durham and London:Duke University Press,2004.
[59]Simone A.The surfacing of urban life[J].City,2011,15(3-4):355-364.
[60]Smith M P.Transnational urbanism[M].Oxford:Blackwell,2001.
[61]Soja E.The stimulus of a little confusion:A contemporary comparison of Amsterdam and Los Angeles[M]//Smith M P.After modernism:Global restructuring and the changing boundaries of city life.New Brunswick,NJ:Transaction Publishers,1992:17-38.
[62]Storper M,Scott A J.Current debates in urban theory:A critical assessment[J].Urban Studies,2016,53(6):1114-1136.
[63]Taylor P J.World city network:A global urban analysis[M].London:Routledge,2004.
[64]Tilly C.Big structures,large processes,huge comparisons[M].New York:Russell Sage Foundation,1984.
[65]Waley P.Japanese cities in Chinese perspective:Towards a contextual,regional approach to comparative urbanism[J].Urban Geography,2012,33:816-828.
[66]Walton J.Theoretical methods in comparative urban politics[M]//Logan J R,Swanstrom T.Beyond the city limits:urban policy and economic restructuring in comparative perspective.Philadelphia:Temple University Press,1990:243-260.
[67]Ward K.“Policies in motion”,urban management and state restructuring:the trans-local expansion of business improvement districts[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2006,30(1):54-70.
[68]Ward K.Towards a relational comparative approach to the study of cities[J].Progress in Human Geography,2010,34(4):471-487.
[69]Watson V.Seeing from the south:Refocusing urban planning on the globe’s central urban issues[J].Urban Studies,2009,46(11):2259-2275.
[70]Yiftachel O.Theorizing“gray space”:the coming of urban apartheid?[J].Planning Theory,2009,8(1):88-100.
[71]张京祥,赵丹,陈浩.增长主义的终结与中国城市规划的转型[J].城市规划,2013,37(1):45-50.
(1)国家统计局.最近10年国内生产总值[EB/OL].http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01&zb=A0201&sj=2014.2015-10-28/2015-10-28.
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