A separation processing for industrial rare earth feed solution by phosphonium ionic liquid type saponification strategy
详细信息 查看官网全文
- 英文论文题名：A separation processing for industrial rare earth feed solution by phosphonium ionic liquid type saponification strategy
- 论文作者：董亚敏 ; 郭向广 ; 王艳良 ; 赵泽原 ; 黄超 ; 孙晓琦
- 英文论文作者：Yamin Dong ; Xiangguang Guo ; Yanliang Wang ; Zeyuan Zhao ; Chao Huang ; Xiaoqi Sun ; Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials ; Haixi Institute ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering ; Jiangxi University of Science &Technology
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials,Haixi Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,Chinese Academy of Sciences;School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science &Technology;
- 英文论文关键词：Heavy rare earth ; Ionic liquid ; Saponification ; Fractional extraction
- 会议召开时间：2016-09-06
- 会议录名称：2016全国稀土冶炼与环境保护技术交流会会刊
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：TF845
- 学会代码：ZGXT
- 会议名称：2016全国稀土冶炼与环境保护技术交流会
- 会议地点：中国广西南宁
- 主办单位：中国稀土学会环境保护专业委员会、中国稀土学会化学和湿法冶金专业委员会、中国稀土学会火法冶金专业委员会
- 学会名称：中国稀土学会
- 页数：12
- 文件大小：1363k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
A novel ionic liquid type saponification processing based on quaternary phosphonium type bifunctional IL is developed for yttrium separation from ion-adsorbed rare earth deposit.The extractabilities of([trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium][sec-octylphenoxy acetate]([P_(6,6,6,14)][SOPAA]) were pronouncedly higher than those of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid(HSOPAA),mixture of HSOPAA and[P_(6,6,6,14)]CI for rare earth elements(REEs).The ion association extraction mechanism contributes to avoid the numerous saponification procedures using alkali and resulting saponification wastewater.After 13 stages of extraction and 6 stages of scrubbing sections,the Y(lll) was successfully separated from industrial heavy RREs feed,the purity of Y(lll) in raffinate was approximately to be 98.9%.Stripping by distilled water was effectively achieved for REEs,which contributes to decrease the consumption of acid to a considerable extent.
A novel ionic liquid type saponification processing based on quaternary phosphonium type bifunctional IL is developed for yttrium separation from ion-adsorbed rare earth deposit.The extractabilities of([trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium][sec-octylphenoxy acetate]([P_(6,6,6,14)][SOPAA]) were pronouncedly higher than those of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid(HSOPAA),mixture of HSOPAA and[P_(6,6,6,14)]CI for rare earth elements(REEs).The ion association extraction mechanism contributes to avoid the numerous saponification procedures using alkali and resulting saponification wastewater.After 13 stages of extraction and 6 stages of scrubbing sections,the Y(lll) was successfully separated from industrial heavy RREs feed,the purity of Y(lll) in raffinate was approximately to be 98.9%.Stripping by distilled water was effectively achieved for REEs,which contributes to decrease the consumption of acid to a considerable extent.
A novel ionic liquid type saponification processing based on quaternary phosphonium type bifunctional IL is developed for yttrium separation from ion-adsorbed rare earth deposit.The extractabilities of([trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium][sec-octylphenoxy acetate]([P_(6,6,6,14)][SOPAA]) were pronouncedly higher than those of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid(HSOPAA),mixture of HSOPAA and[P_(6,6,6,14)]CI for rare earth elements(REEs).The ion association extraction mechanism contributes to avoid the numerous saponification procedures using alkali and resulting saponification wastewater.After 13 stages of extraction and 6 stages of scrubbing sections,the Y(lll) was successfully separated from industrial heavy RREs feed,the purity of Y(lll) in raffinate was approximately to be 98.9%.Stripping by distilled water was effectively achieved for REEs,which contributes to decrease the consumption of acid to a considerable extent.
引文
[1]Nassar N T,Du X Y,Graedel T E.Criticality of the rare earth elements.J.Inc.Ecol.,2015,19(8):257.
[2]de Boer M A,Lammertsma K.Scarcity of rare earth elements.ChemSusChem.,2013,6(11):2045.
[3]McLellan B C,Corder G D,Golev A,Ali S H.Sustainability of the rare earths industry.Procedia Environ.Sci.,2014,20(20):280.
[4]Sun X Q,Luo H M,Dai S.Ionic liquids-based extraction:apromising strategy for the advancednuclear fuel cycle.Chem.Rev.,2012,112(112):2100.
[5]Sun X Q,Waters K E.Development of industrial extractants into functional ionic liquids for environmentally friendly rare earth separation.ACS Sustainable Chem.Eng.,2014,2(17):1910.
[6]Song L S,Fu Y,Wang Y,Liu Y Z,Zhou X Z,Li Y X.Preparation of rare earth saponified P507-kerosene organic phase and the relating reactions.Chin.Rare Earths,2014,35:6.
[7]Xiao Y F,Long Z Q,Huang X W,Feng Z Y,Cui A L,Wang L S.Study on non-saponification extraction process for rare earth separation.J.Rare Earths,2013,31(5):512.
[8]Liu Y,Chen J,Li D Q.Application and perspective of ionic liquids on rare earths green separation.Sep.Sci.Technol.,2012,47(2)223.
[9]Feng Z Y,Hung X W,Liu H J,Wang M,Long Z Q,Yu Y,Wang C M.Study on preparation and application of novel saponification agent for organic phase of rare earths extraction.J.Rare Earth,2012,30(9):903.
[10]Wang L S,Huang X W,Yu Y,Xiao Y F,Long Z Q,Cui D L.Eliminating ammonia emissions during rare earth separation through control of equilibrium acidity in a HEH(EHP)-CI system.Green Chem.,2013,15(7):1889.
[11]Yin S H,Li S W,Wu W Y,Bian X,Peng J H,Zhang L B.Extraction and separation of Ce(Ⅲ)and Pr(Ⅲ)in the system containing two complexing agents with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid.RSC Adv.,2014,4(104):59997.
[12]Sun X Q,Do-Thanh C,Luo H M,Dai S.The optimization of an ionic liquid-based TALSPEAK-like process for rare earth ions separation.Chem.Eng.J.,2014,239(239):392.
[13]Rao A,Tomar B S.Extraction of thorium employing N,Ndialkyl amide into room temperature ionic liquid followed by supercritical carbon dioxide stripping.Sep.Purif.Tech.,2016,161:159.
[14]Shen Y Lf Li W K,Wu J R,Li S,Luo H M,Dai S,Wu W S.Solvent extraction of lanthanides and yttrium from aqueous solution with methylimidazole in an ionic liquid.Dalton Trans,2014,43(26):10023.
[15]Ouadi A,Klimchuk O,Gaillard C,Billard I.Solvent extraction of U(VI)by task specific ionic liquids bearingphosphoryl groups.Green Chem.,2007,9(11):1160.
[16]Turanov A N,Karandashev V K,Boltoeva M,Gaillard C,Mazan V.Synergistic extraction of uranium(Ⅵ)with TODGA and hydrophobic ionic liquid mixtures into molecular diluents.Sep.Purif.Tech.,2016,164:97.
[17]Luo H M,Dai S,Bonnesen P V.Solvent extraction of Sr2+and Cs+based on room-temperature ionic liquids containing monoaza-substituted crown ethers.Anal.Chem.,2004,76(10):2773.
[18]Reyna-Gonzalez J M,Torriero A A J,Siriwardana A I,Burgar I M,Bond A M.Extraction of copper(Ⅱ)ions from aqueous solutions with a methimazole-based ionic liquid.Anal.Chem.,2010,82(18):7691.
[19]Zheng Y,Tong Y,Wang S B,Zhang H,Yang Y Z.Selective extraction of metals from chloride solutions with the tetrao ctylphosphoniumoleateionic liquid.Sep.Purif.Tech.,2015,154(18):123.
[20]Chen Y H,Wang H Y,Pei Y C,Ren J,Wang J J.pHControlled selective separation of neodymium(Ⅲ)and samarium(Ⅲ)from transition metals with carboxylfunctionalized ionic liquids.ACS Sustainable Chem.Eng.,2015,3(12):3167.
[21]Okamura H,ikeda-Ohno A,Saito T,Aoyagi N,Naganawa H,Hirayama N,Umetani S,Imura H,Shimojo K.Specific cooperative effect of a macro cyclic receptor for metal ion transfer into an ionic liquid.Anal.Chem.,2012,84(12):9332.
[22]Katsuta S,Watanabe Y,Araki Y,Kudo Y.Extraction of Gold(Ⅲ)from hydrochloric acid into various ionic liquids:relationship between extraction efficiency and aqueous solubility of ionic liquids.ACS Sustainable Chem.Eng.,DOI:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00976.
[23]Sun X Q,Waters K E.The adjustable synergistic effects between acid-base coupling bifunctional ionic liquid extractants for rare earth separation.AlChE J.,2014,60(11):3859.
[24]Sun X Q,Luo H M,Dai S.Solvent extraction of rare-earth ions based on functionalized ionic liquids.Talanta.,2012,90(1):132.
[25]Riano S,Binnemans K.Extraction and separation of neodymium and dysprosium from used NdFeB magnets:an application of ionic liquids in solvent extraction towards the recycling of magnets.Green Chem.,2015,17(5):2931.
[26]Vander Hoogerstraete T,Binnemans K.Highly efficient separation of rare earths from nickel and cobalt by solvent extraction with the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate:a process relevant to the recycling of rare earths from permanent magnets and nickel metal hydride batteries.Green Chem.,2014,16(3):1594.
[27]Xiong Y,Wang X L,Li D Q.Synergistic extraction and separation of heavy lanthanide by mixture of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phophinic acid and 2-ehtylhexyl phosphinicacid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester.Sep.Sci.Technol.,2005,40(11):2325.
[28]Zhang C,Wang L S,Huang X W,Dong J S,Long Z Q,Zhang Y Q.Yttrium extraction from chloride solution with a synergistic system of 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-(2-ethylhexyl)ester and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid.Hydrometallurgy,2014,147(8):7.
[29]Sun X B,Zhao J M,Meng S L,Li D Q.Synergistic extraction and separation of yttrium from heavy rare earths using mixture of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid.Anal.Chim.Acta.,2005,533(1):83.
[30]Wang Y L,Liao W P,Li D Q.A solvent extraction process with mixture of CA12 and Cyanex272 for the preparation of high purity yttrium oxide from rare earth ores.Sep.Purif.Tech.,2011,82(1):197.
[31]Dong Y M,Sun X Q,Wang Y L,Huang C,Zhao Z Y.The sustainable and efficient ionic liquid-type saponification strategy for rare earth separation processing.ACS Sustainable Chem.Eng.,2016,4(3):1573.
[32]Kang H K,Zhou X H,Dong L C,Feng T.Synergetic extraction of phytic acid from HCI extract of rapeseed meal with Alamine 336 and n-octanol dissolved in sulfonated kerosene.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2011,50(14):8658.
[33]Yin SH.WuW Y,Bian X,Zhang F Y.Effect of complexing agent lactic acid on the extraction and separation of Pr(Ⅲ)/Ce(Ⅲ)with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid.Hydrometallurgy,2013,131:133.
[34]Sun X Q,Luo H M,Dai S.Mechanistic investigation of solvent extraction based on anion-functionalized ionic liquids for selective separation of rare-earth ions.Dalton Trans.,2013,42(23):8270.
[35]Vander Hoogerstraete T,Wellens S,Verachtert K,Binnemans K.Removal of transition metals from rare earths by solvent extraction with an undiluted phosphonium ionic liquid:separations relevant to rare-earth magnet recycling.Green Chem.,2013,15(4):919.
[36]Rout A,Binnemans K.Liquid-liquid extraction of europium(Ⅲ)and other trivalent rare-earth ions using a non-fluorinated functionalized ionic liquid.Dalton Trans.,2014,43(4):1862.
[37]Yang H L,Wang W,Cui H M,Chen J.Extraction mechanism of rare earths with bifunctional ionic liquids(Bif-ILs)[A336][CA-12]/[A336][CA-100]in nitrate medium.Chin.J.Anal.Chem.,2011,39(10):1561.
[38]Zhu M,Zhao J,Li Y.An ionic liquid-based synergistic extraction strategy for rare earths.Green Chem.,2015,17(5):2981.
[39]Biju S,Eom Y K,Bunzli J C G,Kim H K.A new tetrakisβ-diketone ligand for NIR emitting Lnlll ions:luminescent doped PMMA films and flexible resins for advanced photonic applications.Mater.J.Chem.C,2013,1(42):6935.
[40]Biju S,Freire R O,Kyung Eom Y,Scopelliti R,Bunzli J C G,Kim H K.A Eulll tetrakis(β-diketonate)dimeric complex:photophysical properties,structural elucidation by sparkle/AM1 calculations,and doping into PMMA films and nanowires.Inorg.Chem.,2014,53(16):8407.
[41]Frisch M J,Trucks G W,Schlegel H B.Gaussian 09,Revision D.01;Gaussian:Wallingford,CT,USA,2009.
[42]Lee C,Yang W,Parr R G.Development of the ColleSalvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density.Phys.Rev.B.,1988,37(2):785.
[43]Cao X,Dolg M.Segmented contraction scheme for smallcore lanthanide pseudo potential basis sets.J Molecu Struct(Theochem),2002,581(1):139.
[44]Dolg M,Stoll H,Savin A,Preuss H.Energy-adjusted pseudo potentials for the rare earth elements.Theor.Chim.Acta.,1989,75(3):173.
[45]Barone V,Cossi M.Quantum calculation of molecular energies and energy gradients in solution by a conductor solvent model.J.Phys.Chem.A.,1998,102(11):1995.
[46]Ku A Y,Dosch C,Grossman T R,Herzog J L,Maricocchi A F,Polli D,Lipkin D M.Addressing rare-earth element criticality:an example from the aviation industry.JOM.,2014,66(11):2355.
[47]Wang W,Wang X L,Meng S L,Li H F,Li D Q.Extraction and stripping of ytterbium from H2S04 medium by Cyanex923.J.Rare Earth,2006,24(6):685.
[48]Jorjani E,Shahbazi M.The production of rare earth elements group via tributyl phosphate extraction and precipitation stripping using oxalic acid.Arabian J.Chem.,2012;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.002
[49]Sanuki S,Matsushita S,Morita Y,Majima H.Precipitation stripping of Nd(Ⅲ)/carbonate from Nd(Ⅲ)/-loaded D2EHPA with NH3-(NH4)2C03 solution.Hydrometallurgy,2000,57(3):253.
[50]Xu G X.Theory of counter corrent extraction I,equations of optimization and their applications.Acta Sci Natur Univers Pekinensis,1978,1(978):1.
[2]de Boer M A,Lammertsma K.Scarcity of rare earth elements.ChemSusChem.,2013,6(11):2045.
[3]McLellan B C,Corder G D,Golev A,Ali S H.Sustainability of the rare earths industry.Procedia Environ.Sci.,2014,20(20):280.
[4]Sun X Q,Luo H M,Dai S.Ionic liquids-based extraction:apromising strategy for the advancednuclear fuel cycle.Chem.Rev.,2012,112(112):2100.
[5]Sun X Q,Waters K E.Development of industrial extractants into functional ionic liquids for environmentally friendly rare earth separation.ACS Sustainable Chem.Eng.,2014,2(17):1910.
[6]Song L S,Fu Y,Wang Y,Liu Y Z,Zhou X Z,Li Y X.Preparation of rare earth saponified P507-kerosene organic phase and the relating reactions.Chin.Rare Earths,2014,35:6.
[7]Xiao Y F,Long Z Q,Huang X W,Feng Z Y,Cui A L,Wang L S.Study on non-saponification extraction process for rare earth separation.J.Rare Earths,2013,31(5):512.
[8]Liu Y,Chen J,Li D Q.Application and perspective of ionic liquids on rare earths green separation.Sep.Sci.Technol.,2012,47(2)223.
[9]Feng Z Y,Hung X W,Liu H J,Wang M,Long Z Q,Yu Y,Wang C M.Study on preparation and application of novel saponification agent for organic phase of rare earths extraction.J.Rare Earth,2012,30(9):903.
[10]Wang L S,Huang X W,Yu Y,Xiao Y F,Long Z Q,Cui D L.Eliminating ammonia emissions during rare earth separation through control of equilibrium acidity in a HEH(EHP)-CI system.Green Chem.,2013,15(7):1889.
[11]Yin S H,Li S W,Wu W Y,Bian X,Peng J H,Zhang L B.Extraction and separation of Ce(Ⅲ)and Pr(Ⅲ)in the system containing two complexing agents with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid.RSC Adv.,2014,4(104):59997.
[12]Sun X Q,Do-Thanh C,Luo H M,Dai S.The optimization of an ionic liquid-based TALSPEAK-like process for rare earth ions separation.Chem.Eng.J.,2014,239(239):392.
[13]Rao A,Tomar B S.Extraction of thorium employing N,Ndialkyl amide into room temperature ionic liquid followed by supercritical carbon dioxide stripping.Sep.Purif.Tech.,2016,161:159.
[14]Shen Y Lf Li W K,Wu J R,Li S,Luo H M,Dai S,Wu W S.Solvent extraction of lanthanides and yttrium from aqueous solution with methylimidazole in an ionic liquid.Dalton Trans,2014,43(26):10023.
[15]Ouadi A,Klimchuk O,Gaillard C,Billard I.Solvent extraction of U(VI)by task specific ionic liquids bearingphosphoryl groups.Green Chem.,2007,9(11):1160.
[16]Turanov A N,Karandashev V K,Boltoeva M,Gaillard C,Mazan V.Synergistic extraction of uranium(Ⅵ)with TODGA and hydrophobic ionic liquid mixtures into molecular diluents.Sep.Purif.Tech.,2016,164:97.
[17]Luo H M,Dai S,Bonnesen P V.Solvent extraction of Sr2+and Cs+based on room-temperature ionic liquids containing monoaza-substituted crown ethers.Anal.Chem.,2004,76(10):2773.
[18]Reyna-Gonzalez J M,Torriero A A J,Siriwardana A I,Burgar I M,Bond A M.Extraction of copper(Ⅱ)ions from aqueous solutions with a methimazole-based ionic liquid.Anal.Chem.,2010,82(18):7691.
[19]Zheng Y,Tong Y,Wang S B,Zhang H,Yang Y Z.Selective extraction of metals from chloride solutions with the tetrao ctylphosphoniumoleateionic liquid.Sep.Purif.Tech.,2015,154(18):123.
[20]Chen Y H,Wang H Y,Pei Y C,Ren J,Wang J J.pHControlled selective separation of neodymium(Ⅲ)and samarium(Ⅲ)from transition metals with carboxylfunctionalized ionic liquids.ACS Sustainable Chem.Eng.,2015,3(12):3167.
[21]Okamura H,ikeda-Ohno A,Saito T,Aoyagi N,Naganawa H,Hirayama N,Umetani S,Imura H,Shimojo K.Specific cooperative effect of a macro cyclic receptor for metal ion transfer into an ionic liquid.Anal.Chem.,2012,84(12):9332.
[22]Katsuta S,Watanabe Y,Araki Y,Kudo Y.Extraction of Gold(Ⅲ)from hydrochloric acid into various ionic liquids:relationship between extraction efficiency and aqueous solubility of ionic liquids.ACS Sustainable Chem.Eng.,DOI:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00976.
[23]Sun X Q,Waters K E.The adjustable synergistic effects between acid-base coupling bifunctional ionic liquid extractants for rare earth separation.AlChE J.,2014,60(11):3859.
[24]Sun X Q,Luo H M,Dai S.Solvent extraction of rare-earth ions based on functionalized ionic liquids.Talanta.,2012,90(1):132.
[25]Riano S,Binnemans K.Extraction and separation of neodymium and dysprosium from used NdFeB magnets:an application of ionic liquids in solvent extraction towards the recycling of magnets.Green Chem.,2015,17(5):2931.
[26]Vander Hoogerstraete T,Binnemans K.Highly efficient separation of rare earths from nickel and cobalt by solvent extraction with the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate:a process relevant to the recycling of rare earths from permanent magnets and nickel metal hydride batteries.Green Chem.,2014,16(3):1594.
[27]Xiong Y,Wang X L,Li D Q.Synergistic extraction and separation of heavy lanthanide by mixture of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phophinic acid and 2-ehtylhexyl phosphinicacid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester.Sep.Sci.Technol.,2005,40(11):2325.
[28]Zhang C,Wang L S,Huang X W,Dong J S,Long Z Q,Zhang Y Q.Yttrium extraction from chloride solution with a synergistic system of 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-(2-ethylhexyl)ester and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid.Hydrometallurgy,2014,147(8):7.
[29]Sun X B,Zhao J M,Meng S L,Li D Q.Synergistic extraction and separation of yttrium from heavy rare earths using mixture of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid.Anal.Chim.Acta.,2005,533(1):83.
[30]Wang Y L,Liao W P,Li D Q.A solvent extraction process with mixture of CA12 and Cyanex272 for the preparation of high purity yttrium oxide from rare earth ores.Sep.Purif.Tech.,2011,82(1):197.
[31]Dong Y M,Sun X Q,Wang Y L,Huang C,Zhao Z Y.The sustainable and efficient ionic liquid-type saponification strategy for rare earth separation processing.ACS Sustainable Chem.Eng.,2016,4(3):1573.
[32]Kang H K,Zhou X H,Dong L C,Feng T.Synergetic extraction of phytic acid from HCI extract of rapeseed meal with Alamine 336 and n-octanol dissolved in sulfonated kerosene.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2011,50(14):8658.
[33]Yin SH.WuW Y,Bian X,Zhang F Y.Effect of complexing agent lactic acid on the extraction and separation of Pr(Ⅲ)/Ce(Ⅲ)with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid.Hydrometallurgy,2013,131:133.
[34]Sun X Q,Luo H M,Dai S.Mechanistic investigation of solvent extraction based on anion-functionalized ionic liquids for selective separation of rare-earth ions.Dalton Trans.,2013,42(23):8270.
[35]Vander Hoogerstraete T,Wellens S,Verachtert K,Binnemans K.Removal of transition metals from rare earths by solvent extraction with an undiluted phosphonium ionic liquid:separations relevant to rare-earth magnet recycling.Green Chem.,2013,15(4):919.
[36]Rout A,Binnemans K.Liquid-liquid extraction of europium(Ⅲ)and other trivalent rare-earth ions using a non-fluorinated functionalized ionic liquid.Dalton Trans.,2014,43(4):1862.
[37]Yang H L,Wang W,Cui H M,Chen J.Extraction mechanism of rare earths with bifunctional ionic liquids(Bif-ILs)[A336][CA-12]/[A336][CA-100]in nitrate medium.Chin.J.Anal.Chem.,2011,39(10):1561.
[38]Zhu M,Zhao J,Li Y.An ionic liquid-based synergistic extraction strategy for rare earths.Green Chem.,2015,17(5):2981.
[39]Biju S,Eom Y K,Bunzli J C G,Kim H K.A new tetrakisβ-diketone ligand for NIR emitting Lnlll ions:luminescent doped PMMA films and flexible resins for advanced photonic applications.Mater.J.Chem.C,2013,1(42):6935.
[40]Biju S,Freire R O,Kyung Eom Y,Scopelliti R,Bunzli J C G,Kim H K.A Eulll tetrakis(β-diketonate)dimeric complex:photophysical properties,structural elucidation by sparkle/AM1 calculations,and doping into PMMA films and nanowires.Inorg.Chem.,2014,53(16):8407.
[41]Frisch M J,Trucks G W,Schlegel H B.Gaussian 09,Revision D.01;Gaussian:Wallingford,CT,USA,2009.
[42]Lee C,Yang W,Parr R G.Development of the ColleSalvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density.Phys.Rev.B.,1988,37(2):785.
[43]Cao X,Dolg M.Segmented contraction scheme for smallcore lanthanide pseudo potential basis sets.J Molecu Struct(Theochem),2002,581(1):139.
[44]Dolg M,Stoll H,Savin A,Preuss H.Energy-adjusted pseudo potentials for the rare earth elements.Theor.Chim.Acta.,1989,75(3):173.
[45]Barone V,Cossi M.Quantum calculation of molecular energies and energy gradients in solution by a conductor solvent model.J.Phys.Chem.A.,1998,102(11):1995.
[46]Ku A Y,Dosch C,Grossman T R,Herzog J L,Maricocchi A F,Polli D,Lipkin D M.Addressing rare-earth element criticality:an example from the aviation industry.JOM.,2014,66(11):2355.
[47]Wang W,Wang X L,Meng S L,Li H F,Li D Q.Extraction and stripping of ytterbium from H2S04 medium by Cyanex923.J.Rare Earth,2006,24(6):685.
[48]Jorjani E,Shahbazi M.The production of rare earth elements group via tributyl phosphate extraction and precipitation stripping using oxalic acid.Arabian J.Chem.,2012;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.002
[49]Sanuki S,Matsushita S,Morita Y,Majima H.Precipitation stripping of Nd(Ⅲ)/carbonate from Nd(Ⅲ)/-loaded D2EHPA with NH3-(NH4)2C03 solution.Hydrometallurgy,2000,57(3):253.
[50]Xu G X.Theory of counter corrent extraction I,equations of optimization and their applications.Acta Sci Natur Univers Pekinensis,1978,1(978):1.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |