曳引式电梯系统动态特性参数研究
摘要
随着现代电梯不断向大载重量、高速度的方向发展,乘坐舒适性问题越来越成为限制此类电梯发展的瓶颈,而电梯的振动(垂直和水平方向)正是乘坐舒适性中一个最重要和最难以解决的问题。
本论文以降低中高速电梯在运行过程中产生的垂直和水平方向的振动为主要目的,以曳引式电梯的动态特性为主要研究对象,积极吸收相关学科的新思想、新理论、新技术,采用理论研究、计算机仿真与试验相结合的研究方法,对电梯的减振技术进行了研究。
本论文通过对电梯物理模型的简化,建立了曳引式2:1绕法的电梯系统垂直振动11自由度和水平振动5自由度的动力学模型,并对模型中各动态特性(动力学)参数做了较详细的说明。本文以垂直和水平振动的动力学模型为基础,通过MATLAB编程,对电梯系统进行了模态分析与谐响应分析,并得出了一些对设计有指导意义的结论。通过对实物电梯的试验,得到了电梯垂直和水平振动的固有频率试验值,通过与仿真计算值的比较,验证了电梯动力学模型和仿真程序的有效性。根据优化理论和已建立的动力学模型,以谐响应振幅最小为目标,建立了电梯系统垂直和水平振动动态特性(动力学)参数的优化数学模型,在给定的条件下得到了较为理想的最优解。
With the application of heavy-load and high-speed elevators, the riding comfort requirement becomes the bottleneck of these elevators development more and more. It is the vibration (vertical and horizontal direction) that is one of the most important problems of the riding comfort, which is the most difficult to solve.
The research purpose of this dissertation is to reduce vertical and horizontal vibration which is generated when high-speed elevator runs, and the research object is dynamic characteristic of tractive elevator. The technology of reducing vibration is researched in the dissertation by the method of actively absorbing the original thoughts, new theories and technologies of correlative subjects and combining theoretical study with computer simulation and experimentation.
An 11-degree-of-freedom dynamics model of vertical vibration and a 5-degree-of-freedom dynamics model of horizontal vibration for tractive elevator of 2:1 ratio are established by simplifying the physics models. The relative characteristic parameters are explained detailedly. Based on the dynamics models of vertical and horizontal vibration built before, the modal analyses and harmonic response analyses are performed by using MATLAB programs, and some significant conclusions to design are drawn. Test values of natural frequency of vertical and horizontal vibration are obtained by elevator experiment. The dynamics models of elevator and the simulation program are proven effective by comparing test values with simulation computing values of natural frequency. According to optimization theory and the dynamics models, the vertical and horizontal vibration dynamic characteristic parameters optimization models with intention of minimizing harmonic response are built. And the optimized results in given conditions are obtained.
本论文以降低中高速电梯在运行过程中产生的垂直和水平方向的振动为主要目的,以曳引式电梯的动态特性为主要研究对象,积极吸收相关学科的新思想、新理论、新技术,采用理论研究、计算机仿真与试验相结合的研究方法,对电梯的减振技术进行了研究。
本论文通过对电梯物理模型的简化,建立了曳引式2:1绕法的电梯系统垂直振动11自由度和水平振动5自由度的动力学模型,并对模型中各动态特性(动力学)参数做了较详细的说明。本文以垂直和水平振动的动力学模型为基础,通过MATLAB编程,对电梯系统进行了模态分析与谐响应分析,并得出了一些对设计有指导意义的结论。通过对实物电梯的试验,得到了电梯垂直和水平振动的固有频率试验值,通过与仿真计算值的比较,验证了电梯动力学模型和仿真程序的有效性。根据优化理论和已建立的动力学模型,以谐响应振幅最小为目标,建立了电梯系统垂直和水平振动动态特性(动力学)参数的优化数学模型,在给定的条件下得到了较为理想的最优解。
With the application of heavy-load and high-speed elevators, the riding comfort requirement becomes the bottleneck of these elevators development more and more. It is the vibration (vertical and horizontal direction) that is one of the most important problems of the riding comfort, which is the most difficult to solve.
The research purpose of this dissertation is to reduce vertical and horizontal vibration which is generated when high-speed elevator runs, and the research object is dynamic characteristic of tractive elevator. The technology of reducing vibration is researched in the dissertation by the method of actively absorbing the original thoughts, new theories and technologies of correlative subjects and combining theoretical study with computer simulation and experimentation.
An 11-degree-of-freedom dynamics model of vertical vibration and a 5-degree-of-freedom dynamics model of horizontal vibration for tractive elevator of 2:1 ratio are established by simplifying the physics models. The relative characteristic parameters are explained detailedly. Based on the dynamics models of vertical and horizontal vibration built before, the modal analyses and harmonic response analyses are performed by using MATLAB programs, and some significant conclusions to design are drawn. Test values of natural frequency of vertical and horizontal vibration are obtained by elevator experiment. The dynamics models of elevator and the simulation program are proven effective by comparing test values with simulation computing values of natural frequency. According to optimization theory and the dynamics models, the vertical and horizontal vibration dynamic characteristic parameters optimization models with intention of minimizing harmonic response are built. And the optimized results in given conditions are obtained.
引文
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