配流式液动锤振动与工作特性仿真实验研究
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摘要
冲击回转钻进方法是一种高效钻进方法。为了提高冲击回转的钻进效率，增大冲击器的能量利用率，人们对冲击回转的碎岩机理、碎岩过程、能量传递规律、冲击器产生的冲击波的传递过程与传递过程进行了研究，但对液动锤的孔底振动特性、孔底钻具对液动锤产生的冲击的响应特征缺乏研究。
到目前位置，液动锤性能测试方法主要有应力波法、冲击力法、光电位移微分法、电磁感应法、触点法、高速摄影法、示功图法和能量法等。这些方法的最大缺点是：测试时间长，成本高。为了降低成本，提高性能测试的速度，国内外在仿真实验方面做过少许探索，建立了一些仿真模型，但都还未到达实用的程度。
本文首先对液动锤的振动特性进行了研究。以复变函数和傅里叶级数为数学工具，建立了螺杆马达驱动的冲击回转钻进的振动模型、谐和激励模型、液动锤冲击力的数学表达式、振动方程以及振动基波和谐波方程。认为螺杆马达驱动的冲击回转钻进孔底钻具组合的振动为1自由度线性阻尼系统在周期扰力作用下的定常强迫振动。建立了液动锤产生的冲击力的函数表达式和螺杆马达驱动的冲击回转钻进孔底钻具组合在液动锤的冲击作用下的定常强迫振动的振动方程。为今后液动锤的设计以及孔底钻具组合的设计提高理论依据。
对转阀配流式液动锤的的配流原理、腔内压力损失、水垫阻力、水击现象、冲锤与砧子的撞击过程、动力学机制、冲程和回程受力过程等进行研究，找出了液动锤结构参数与钻进参数对液动锤性能的影响关系。文章通过对液动锤各组成元件的运动特性进行分析，利用结构参数化建模建立了实验仿真模型，将活塞在腔内的行程分解为固体和液体两部分分别求解并通过仿真实现的方法将彼此的相互影响表现出来。通过建立实验仿真模型，减少实验时间与实验成本，提高液动锤实验效率，从而节约研究开发成本，提高研发效率。
根据液动锤动力学与运动学过程研究结果，分别建立液动锤结构参数与流体参数、流体参数与冲锤运动状态、冲锤运动状态与液动锤性能等的关系模型，最终实现液动锤结构参数与液动锤性能参数的关联，建立液动锤实验仿真模型。
The Percussive Rotary Drilling is a drilling method of great highefficiency. Great amount of researches have been done since it first cameinto use.
Researches have been conducted regarding Percussive Rotary Drillingmethod in order to increase its efficiency and the energy utilization. Muchwork has been done on the theory of rock breaking and its process, energytransfer laws, shock wave propagation and its process. But not much of thework has been focusing on how the hammer vibrates down the hole or whetherthe vibration has any impact on drill bites or other drilling tolls andfurther more, how much impact.
On the other hand, the testing technology has attracted much attentionand gained much progress. There have been many methods of testing a resultof a down-hole hammer. Though the methods are many, but a big project itstill is, taking too much work to carry out. While it is commonly believedthat simulation is a method that solves all the problems to reduce costs.There have been some studies and experiments on simulation but none hasreached the application level.
This dissertation conducted a literature review first and investigatedthe current status of percussive rotary drilling from perspectives oftechnology, theory, technology on testing and commonly used tools.. analysesthe vibration performances of make-ups of the strings down-hole, employingthe complex coordinates system to establish the differential equation ofmotion, and the Fourier Series to solve the equation. With the combinationof these methods, a vibration model of down-hole strings make-up isestablished, providing theory basis for designing hydraulic hammer to reducedesign costs and to improve design level. This dissertation also builds up a new model using fluid-solid interaction after analyzing the motioncharacteristics of important components. The analyses are based on aparametric modeling system. With the help of this simulation model, timeand cost of the testing are reduced and the efficiency of designing isimproved.
This dissertation studied closely on the process of the movement of thehammer and the valve, built up a new model using fluid-solid interactionafter analyzing the motion characteristics of important components. Theanalyses are based on a parametric modeling system. With the help of thissimulation model, time and cost of the testing are reduced and the efficiencyof designing is improved.
到目前位置，液动锤性能测试方法主要有应力波法、冲击力法、光电位移微分法、电磁感应法、触点法、高速摄影法、示功图法和能量法等。这些方法的最大缺点是：测试时间长，成本高。为了降低成本，提高性能测试的速度，国内外在仿真实验方面做过少许探索，建立了一些仿真模型，但都还未到达实用的程度。
本文首先对液动锤的振动特性进行了研究。以复变函数和傅里叶级数为数学工具，建立了螺杆马达驱动的冲击回转钻进的振动模型、谐和激励模型、液动锤冲击力的数学表达式、振动方程以及振动基波和谐波方程。认为螺杆马达驱动的冲击回转钻进孔底钻具组合的振动为1自由度线性阻尼系统在周期扰力作用下的定常强迫振动。建立了液动锤产生的冲击力的函数表达式和螺杆马达驱动的冲击回转钻进孔底钻具组合在液动锤的冲击作用下的定常强迫振动的振动方程。为今后液动锤的设计以及孔底钻具组合的设计提高理论依据。
对转阀配流式液动锤的的配流原理、腔内压力损失、水垫阻力、水击现象、冲锤与砧子的撞击过程、动力学机制、冲程和回程受力过程等进行研究，找出了液动锤结构参数与钻进参数对液动锤性能的影响关系。文章通过对液动锤各组成元件的运动特性进行分析，利用结构参数化建模建立了实验仿真模型，将活塞在腔内的行程分解为固体和液体两部分分别求解并通过仿真实现的方法将彼此的相互影响表现出来。通过建立实验仿真模型，减少实验时间与实验成本，提高液动锤实验效率，从而节约研究开发成本，提高研发效率。
根据液动锤动力学与运动学过程研究结果，分别建立液动锤结构参数与流体参数、流体参数与冲锤运动状态、冲锤运动状态与液动锤性能等的关系模型，最终实现液动锤结构参数与液动锤性能参数的关联，建立液动锤实验仿真模型。
The Percussive Rotary Drilling is a drilling method of great highefficiency. Great amount of researches have been done since it first cameinto use.
Researches have been conducted regarding Percussive Rotary Drillingmethod in order to increase its efficiency and the energy utilization. Muchwork has been done on the theory of rock breaking and its process, energytransfer laws, shock wave propagation and its process. But not much of thework has been focusing on how the hammer vibrates down the hole or whetherthe vibration has any impact on drill bites or other drilling tolls andfurther more, how much impact.
On the other hand, the testing technology has attracted much attentionand gained much progress. There have been many methods of testing a resultof a down-hole hammer. Though the methods are many, but a big project itstill is, taking too much work to carry out. While it is commonly believedthat simulation is a method that solves all the problems to reduce costs.There have been some studies and experiments on simulation but none hasreached the application level.
This dissertation conducted a literature review first and investigatedthe current status of percussive rotary drilling from perspectives oftechnology, theory, technology on testing and commonly used tools.. analysesthe vibration performances of make-ups of the strings down-hole, employingthe complex coordinates system to establish the differential equation ofmotion, and the Fourier Series to solve the equation. With the combinationof these methods, a vibration model of down-hole strings make-up isestablished, providing theory basis for designing hydraulic hammer to reducedesign costs and to improve design level. This dissertation also builds up a new model using fluid-solid interaction after analyzing the motioncharacteristics of important components. The analyses are based on aparametric modeling system. With the help of this simulation model, timeand cost of the testing are reduced and the efficiency of designing isimproved.
This dissertation studied closely on the process of the movement of thehammer and the valve, built up a new model using fluid-solid interactionafter analyzing the motion characteristics of important components. Theanalyses are based on a parametric modeling system. With the help of thissimulation model, time and cost of the testing are reduced and the efficiencyof designing is improved.
引文
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