用户名: 密码: 验证码:
利益相关者参与企业价值增值分享的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
20世纪60年代以来,随着经济环境的变化,传统的“股东至上”治理模式的缺陷开始暴露,利益相关者在企业治理中的作用日益受到重视。目前利益相关者治理的研究主要集中在如何协调各利益相关者的协作效率以提高企业的价值,鲜有论述利益相关者的利益分享问题。而实际上利益相关者之间的利益分享是企业治理的一个重要问题,分享安排结果的好坏直接影响着企业的治理效果。本文希望在前人研究的基础上,着重探讨利益相关者如何分享企业剩余的问题。
     文章主要以规范研究方法为主,综合经济学理论中的企业理论、博弈论,结合管理学、伦理学以及会计学等各个学科的综合知识,采用归纳总结,问卷调查、案例分析和比较研究等方法,呈现出研究方法的多样性。全文主要分为九章,除去第一章导论和第九章结论部分,第二章到第八章是本文的主体,其中重点、难点以及创新点又主要集中在第五至八章。
     在阐述本文研究背景以及总结国内外研究现状的基础上,本文第二章首先分析了利益相关者参与企业价值增值分享的理论基础及现实依据。利益相关者之所以能参与企业价值增值分享,主要是依赖于经济学的契约理论、产权理论、资源依赖理论、集体选择以及共生理论等坚实的理论基础作支撑。同时,本文还从理论分析和实践调查两个方面论证了利益相关者参与企业价值增值分享是现实的需要。
     利益相关者参与企业的价值增值分享,首先必须明确参与分享的主体和客体。本文第三章通过对利益相关者概念的分析,根据是否参与企业的集体选择,将企业的利益相关者划分为内部利益相关者和外部利益相关者,而参与企业价值增值分享的主体是企业的内部利益相关者。对于分享的客体,本文从价值管理的角度出发,界定为企业的价值增值。企业价值最大化实际上是企业内部利益相关者价值最大化。
     利益相关者分享企业价值增值,应该遵循一些理论上的指导与规范。在研究具体的实施方案之前,本文第四章首先总括的探讨了利益相关者分享企业价值增值所遵循的一般原则、依据的标准,采用的分享模式以及具体分享安排时所采用的计量方法等问题,为后面利益相关者具体分享企业价值增值做铺垫。
     本文的核心主体主要第五至八章,这也是主要解决问题的部分和重点难点所在。由于企业的利益相关者人数众多,笼统的谈利益相关者的分享安排感觉无从下手,因而在具体解决利益相关者分享企业价值增值的分享安排时是分类进行的。首先,从利益相关者的角度重新对企业发展所需要的要素资本进行了归类整理,总结了利益相关者所提供的要素资本的类型,然后根据分享企业价值增值的利益相关者提供的要素资本的禀性不同,将企业划分为单边治理型企业、同质型结构企业和异质型结构企业,并且在每一种类型企业下又做了进一步的细分。然后基于对企业分类的基础上,本文的第六至八章分别详细探讨了每一种类型企业的形成机制、可能采用的分享模式以及每种模式下的具体分享安排。
     通过本文的研究,主要得到以下结论:
     (1)企业利益相关者的概念应该是一个宽泛、柔性的概念。由于不同的企业不同利益相关者对企业的影响程度不同,研究问题的角度和侧重点也不同,即使同一企业同一利益相关者对不同的研究问题对企业的影响也是不一样的,因而对于利益相关者的研究,应该结合不同的研究内容和不同的企业确立其核心和主要的利益相关者,而非对于所有的企业和所有的研究问题界定一个统一的利益相关者概念。
     (2)利益相关者参与企业价值增值分享是一个动态的开放过程。企业所有的利益相关者都可以通过集体选择,决定是否成为企业的内部利益相关者分享企业的价值增值。同时,企业的内部利益相关者可以随时根据环境的变化自由选择退出集体选择成为外部利益相关者,外部的利益相关者也可以随时进入集体选择成为企业的内部利益相关者。
     (3)从要素资本提供者来的角度分析,企业赖以生存的要素资本主要有物质资本、人力资本和关系资本三类。其他要素资本要么是这三种要素资本的变体,要么是这三种要素的衍生资本,所有的要素资本实际都可以包含在这三大类型的要素资本形式中。
     (4)在企业的治理结构中,除了股东可以成为单边治理主体外,企业的经营者、员工、供应商及顾客也都可以单独成为企业的所有权主体,从而打破了只有股东能够独享企业剩余的局面。
     (5)由于利益相关者提供的要素资本的禀性不同,不同类型企业下各利益相关者分享企业价值增值的模式也不同。如单边治理型企业的利益相关者不能选择固定分享模式;同质型结构企业中的物质资本治理型企业的股东不适合采用固定分享模式,人力资本治理型企业中的员工不适宜采用剩余分享模式;异质型结构企业下,因为关系资本不能单独分享企业的剩余,所以物质-关系资本治理型企业中物质资本不能采用固定分享模式;物质-人力-关系资本型企业中,物质资本所有者和人力资本所有者不能采用固定分享模式。
     本文的主要创新之处在于:(1)选题新颖,将利益相关者与企业价值管理相结合,专门探讨利益相关者分享企业价值增值的具体模式;(2)将企业生存发展所需要的要素资本与其提供者相联系,重新总结归纳了要素资本的类型,并根据利益相关者持有的要素资本的不同重新对企业进行了分类;(3)采用分类方法逐一探讨不同类型企业下利益相关者分享价值增值的具体分享安排;(4)总结出了不同类型企业下利益相关者分享企业价值增值的组合模式及其一般规律。
Since the1960s, with the changes of economic environment, the defects of thetraditional "shareholders first" governance theory has exposed. More and moreattentions have been attached to the roles of stakeholders in corporate governance.Currently the research on stakeholder governance mainly focuses on how tocoordinate the collaboration efficiency of all stakeholders in order to raise the value ofthe enterprise, but seldom focuses on the share of benefit among stakeholders. In fact,benefit sharing among stakeholders is an important issue in governance and its resultwill have a direct impact on the effects of corporate governance. This paper, on thebasis of previous studies, mainly focuses on how to share corporate surplus amongstakeholders.
     The Paper mainly based on regulating research method by using enterprisetheory, game theory and other economic theories, and combined with comprehensiveknowledge of each discipline, such as management, ethics and accounting etc. Theresearch shows the diversity of research methods by induction, questionnaire, caseanalysis and comparison. The Paper can be divided into nine chapters. Chapter One isintroduction, and Chapter Nine is conclusion. The core parts are from Chapter Two toChapter Eight. In addition, the key points, difficulties and innovations are mainlyconcentrated in chapter5-8.
     After explained the backgrounds and Current Situations of the Research at homeand abroad, Chapter Two firstly sorted out the theoretical basis and reality thatstakeholders share the enterprise added value. They can share the added value, mainlydepending on solid theoretical bases, such as contract theory, property rights theory,resource dependence theory and the symbiotic theory etc. At the same time, the paperproved the necessity of stakeholders sharing the enterprise surplus from theperspectives of theoretical analysis and practical investigation.
     Chapter Three first defines the subjects and objects before solving the problemsof sharing the added values. By analyzing the concept of stakeholder, based onwhether to participate in the collective choice of business, stakeholders will bedivided into internal stakeholders and external stakeholders. The internal stakeholdersare the mainstay sharing the surplus values. As far as the objects of sharing surplusvalue, the paper defines it as the added value from the perspective of valuemanagement. Enterprise value maximization is actually to maximize internalstakeholder value.
     Stakeholders must follow some theoretical guidance and norms when they sharethe incomes. Chapter Four of this article mainly discussed the principle, criteria,sharing patterns and measurement methods when the stakeholders sharing the addedvalue, which will pave the way for the later chapters.
     The cores of this paper are from chapter five to chapter eight, whose tasks are tosolve the key points and difficulties. Because of the large number of stakeholders, it isvery hard to arrange sharing the added value. Thus, the classification of stakeholdersis carried out.
     Firstly, the paper sorted and reclassified the capital elements that needed in theenterprise development from the perspective of stakeholders.
     Secondly, based on the different characteristics of the capital elements bydifferent stakeholders, the business are classified into single-governance enterprise,homogeneous enterprise and heterogeneous enterprises, and under each type ofbusiness they do a further classification.
     Finally, from chapter six to chapter eight, the business formation mechanism,share models and specific sharing arrangements of each type enterprise are discussed.
     The following conclusions can be mainly drawn through the research in thispaper:
     Firstly, the concept of enterprise stakeholders should be a broad, flexible concept.Different stakeholders from different enterprises have different influence on thedifferent enterprises, even for the same stakeholders from the same enterprise becauseof the different views and emphasis. Thus, the research on stakeholders should determine the core and major stakeholders for the different problem and differententerprise, but not define a uniform stakeholder’s concept for all problems.
     Secondly, sharing the added value of the enterprise for stakeholders is a dynamicand open process. All the stakeholders can decide whether to become the internalstakeholders of enterprise and share added value of enterprise by collective choice.The internal stakeholders can become the external stakeholders at any time accordingto the change of environment and the external stakeholders can also become theinternal stakeholders if they can.
     Thirdly, from the view of stakeholders providing element capital to the enterprise,the enterprise’s element capital includes physical capital, human capital andrelationship capital. Other element capital is the variant or derivative of these threeelements. All the element capital actually is contained in the three types of elements.
     Fourthly, in addition to shareholders, managers, employees, suppliers andcustomers are also can become the enterprise ownership alone in the enterprisegovernance. It breaks the situation which only shareholders can share the remainingof enterprise.
     Fifthly, because the element capital’s character provided by stakeholders isdifferent, the share patterns of stakeholders are different. For single-governanceenterprise, stakeholders can’t choose the fixed share pattern; for Physical Capitalenterprise and Human capital enterprise in homogeneous enterprise, shareholders arenot suitable for the fixed share pattern, while employees are not suitable for theremaining share pattern; for heterogeneous enterprise, because relationship capitalproviders can’t share the remaining income alone, for the physical-relationshipenterprise, physical capital providers are not suitable for the fixed share pattern; forphysical-human-relationship enterprise, human capital providers and Physical Capitalproviders cannot use the fixed share pattern.
     The main innovation lies in:
     Firstly, the topic is new. The stakeholders and enterprise value management arecombined to discuss the concrete pattern of how stakeholders can share the corporateadded values.
     Secondly, element capital that needed in enterprise’s survival and developmentneed elements is associated with its providers, types of the element capital aresummarized, and the enterprises are reclassified according to the different elementcapital that stakeholders hold.
     Thirdly, the one-by-one classification method is carried out to explore detailedshare arrangements of the added value for stakeholders from different typed enterprise
     Fourthly, share pattern and the general rule for stakeholders sharing added valuein different enterprise are summarized.
引文
①转引自李心合.公司价值取向及其演进趋势.财经研究,2004,(10):132-144
    [1] Margaret M. Blair. Rethinking corporate governance for the twenty-first century.Ownership and control. The Brooking Institution, Washington D.C.1995.
    [2] Raghuram G. Rajan&Luigi Zingales. The firm as a dedicated hierarchy: A theory ofthe origins and growth of firms. The Quarterly Journal of Economics2001,116(3):805-851
    [3]杨瑞龙,杨其静.专用性、专有性与企业制度.经济研究[J].2001(03):3-11.
    [4]李洋、王辉.利益相关者理论的动态发展与启示.现代财经[J].2004(7):32-35.
    [5] William R. Dill. Public Participation in corporate Planning. Long RangePlanning.1975,8(1) Pages57-63.
    [6] Snford J. Grossman&Oliver D. Hart.The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theoryof Vertical and Lateral Integration. Journal of Political Economy.1986(94):691-719.
    [7] Hart,O.&Moore,J. Corporate Governance:A framework for implementation,WashingtonD.C. The Word Bank.1990.
    [8][美]AI埃巴.经济增加值-如何为股东创造财富(中译本)[M].中信出版社,2001:23-24.
    [9] Philippe Aghion,and Patrick Bolton. An Incomplete Contracts Approach to FinancialContracting. Review of Economic Studies.1992,vo1.59,pp473-494.
    [10]Margaret M.Blair. rethinking corporate governance for the twenty-first century.Ownership and control. The Brooking Institution, Washington D.C.1995.
    [11] Raghuram G.Rajan, Luigi Zingales.Power in a Theory of Firm. Quarterly Journal ofEconomics(1998)113(2):387-432.
    [12]Clarkson M.A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate socialPerformance. Academy of Management Review.1995,20(1):92-117.
    [13]Berle.A,Means.G. The modern corporation and private property. New York: McMillan.1932.
    [14]Oliver Hart and John Moore. Property Rights and the Nature of the Firm. Journal ofPolitical Economy.1990,98(6):1119-1158.
    [15]Roberts.R.W. Determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure: Anapplication of stakeholder theory. Accounting, organizations and Society.1992.17(6):595-612.
    [16][日]今井贤一,小宫隆太郎.现代日本企业制度(陈晋等译),北京:经济科学出版社,1995:43-50.
    [17]马丁威茨曼.分享经济[M].林青松译.北京:中国经济出版社,1986
    [18]张维迎.所有制、治理结构及委托—代理关系———兼评崔之元和周其仁的一些观点.经济研究.1996(9):3-15,53.
    [19]杨其静.合同与企业理论前沿综述[J].经济研究,2002(1):80-88.
    [20]方竹兰.人力资本所有者拥有企业所有权是一个趋势——兼与张维迎博士商榷[J].经济研究,1997(6):36-40.
    [21]周其仁.市场里的企业:一个人力资本与非人力资本的特别合约[J].经济研究,1996(6):71-80.
    [22]杨瑞龙,周业安.一个关于企业所有权安排的规范性分析框架及其理论含义———兼评张维迎、周其仁及崔之元的一些观点[J].经济研究,1997(1):12-22.
    [23]刘大可.要素所有者与企业所有权安排[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2003.
    [24]肖耿.产权与中国的经济改革.[北京]:中国社会科学出版社,1997年.
    [25]牛德生.关于企业所有权安排理论的观点述评.经济学动态.1999(4):32-36.
    [26]刘大可.剩余索取权和控制权的偏离与企业效率.社会科学辑刊.2000(3):63-68.
    [27]张维迎.所有制、治理结构及委托—代理关系———兼评崔之元和周其仁的一些观点[J].经济研究,1996(9):3-15,53.
    [28]陆维杰.企业组织中的人力资本和非人力资本——也谈企业所有权的发展趋势问题[J].经济研究,1998(5):74-76.
    [29]牛德生.知识型企业:一个更为特别的合约[J].经济学家,2001(3)
    [30]杨瑞龙,刘刚.双重成本约束下的最优企业所有权安排一一企业共同治理的经济学分析[J].经济学(季刊),2002(3):42-48.
    [31]牛德生.从资本雇佣劳动到劳动雇用资本--关于主流企业制度演进的逻辑[J].学术月刊,2000(5):33-36.
    [32]周鹏、张宏志.利益相关者间的谈判与企业治理结构.经济研究.2002(6):55-62,95.
    [33]任海云,王梅梅.谈企业主要利益相关者的利益要求.财会月刊.2006(33):22-23.
    [34]邓汉慧,赵曼,企业核心利益相关者利益要求实证分析.中南财经政法大学学报,2007(03):41-46.
    [35]陈宏辉、贾生华.业利益相关者三维分类的实证分析.经济研究[J].2004(4):80-90.
    [36]邓汉慧.企业核心利益相关者利益要求与利益取向研究.[博士学位论文].武汉.华中科技大学,2005.
    [37]刘仲文.人力资源会计学[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2007.
    [38]周国强,戴昌钧.对人力资本参与分享企业剩余模型的研究[J].南开管理评论,2004(02):51-55.
    [39]时钰.企业家人力资本参与企业收益分配研究[J].财会通讯(学术版),2007(8):103-106.
    [40]丁恒龙.技术要素参与收益分配的路径探析[J].中共南京市委党校南京市行政学院学报,2004(05):23-26.
    [41]何晴.利益相关者利益的实现[J].财贸经济,2008(03):44-47.
    [42]Walker.David M. The Oxford Companion to Law. Clarendon Press(Oxford and NewYork),1980:1363-1366.
    [43]科斯.企业、市场与法律[M].上海:上海三联书店,1990:10.
    [44]Armen A. Alchian and Harold Demsetz.Production,Information Costs and EconomicOrganization[J]. The American Economic Review,1972(62):777-795.
    [45]张五常.企业制度与企业组织.企业的契约性质[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1983.
    [46]陈郁.所有权、控制与激励――代理经济学文选[M].上海:上海人民出版社,上海三联出版,1998:5.
    [47]周其仁.市场里的企业:一个人力资本与非人力资本的特别合约[J].经济研究,1996,(6):71-79.
    [48]连建辉,赵林.“企业性质”重探—合作剩余创造和分配的市场性关系契约[J].当代经济研究,2004(01):56-61.
    [49]王竹泉.利益相关者会计的提出与会计信息披露的外部性[J].现代会计与审计(纽约),2006(1):1-8.
    [50]陈海波.基于契约理论的中小投资者权益保护机制研究.湘潭大学硕士论文.2006:5.
    [51]陈国富.契约的演进与制度变迁[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2002:72-73;57-70
    [52]奥利弗·E·威廉姆森.资本主义经济制度[M].北京:商务印书馆,2002:84-88.
    [53]刘美玉,林忠.企业利益相关者共同治理与相互制衡研究.[博士学位论文].东北财经大学,大连.2007:81.
    [54]李心合.公司价值取向及其演进趋势[J].财经研究,2004(10):132-144.
    [55][美]布莱尔著,张荣钢译.所有权与控制:面向21世纪的公司治理探索.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1999.
    [56]周其仁.市场里的企业:一个人力资本与非人力资本的特别合约[J].经济研究,1996(6):71-79.
    [57]马迎贤.组织间关系:资源依赖视角的研究综述[J].管理评论.2005(2):55-62.
    [58]Jeffrey Pfeffer.Merger as a response to organizational interdependence[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1972,17(3):382-394
    [59]Burt, Ronald S. Corporate Profits and Cooptation: Networks of Market Constraintsand Directorate Tics in the American Economy,New York: Academic Press,1983:317-324.
    [60]Jay Barney. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J]. Journal ofManagement.1991,17(1):99-120.
    [61]Richard M. Emerson. Power-dependence relations[J]. American Sociological Review,1962,27(1):31-34.
    [62]Raghuram G. Rajan and Luigi Zingales. Power in a theory of the firm[J].QuarterlyJournal of Economics,1998,113(2):387-432.
    [63]Michael C. Jensen, William H. Meckling. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior,agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics1976,3(4):305-360.
    [64]吴飞驰.关于共生理论的思考[J].哲学动态,2000(6):89-93.
    [65]袁纯清,共生理论及其对小型经济的应用研究[J],改革,1998(02-03):100-104,75-85.
    [66]吴飞驰,企业的共生理论一我看见了看不见的手[M」,人民出版社,2002,
    [67]李心合.知识经济中资本与产权理论的发展[J].江苏社会科学,1999(1):9-14.
    [68]罗福凯.要素资本、价值函数与财务效率[J].中国海洋大学学报.2003(1):34-37.
    [69]黄晓波.基于广义资本的财务报告[J].会计研究.2007(10):3-10+95.
    [70]程宏伟.资本共生模式、企业治理结构及利益相关者财务[J].吉林省经济管理干部学院学报.2000,16(l):26-29.
    [71]孙天琦.产业组织织结构研究:“寡头主导,大、中、小共生”[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2001.
    [72]刘元兵,周庆行.关于企业资本共生的理论研究[J].财会月刊.2004(13):10.
    [73]乔.B.史蒂文斯著,杨晓维等译.集体选择经济学(当代经济学系列丛书).上海:上海三联书店上海人民出版社.1999
    [74]王竹泉,逄咏梅,马广林.利益相关者与企业价值增值创造与分享[J].中国会计研究与教育,2006,1(1):59-69.
    [75]Foundation for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. The Nation's CEOs Lookto the Future. Baldrige Website,Study No.818407July1998.
    [76]强飚.人力资本产权与剩余价值分享.商业时代[J].2003(23):9-10
    [77]刘大可.出资者主导下的利益相关者论.北京:经济科学出版社.2005:5.
    [78]R Edward Freeman, David L Reed. Stockholders and stakeholders: A New perspectiveon corporate govenmance. Califomia Management Review,1983.25(3):88-106.
    [79]R Edward Freeman.84. A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management. Analysis,1984,1(01):279.
    [80]Ronald K. Mitchell, Bradley R. Agle and Donna J. Wood. Toward a Theory of StakeholderIdentification and Salience: Defining the Principle of Who and What Really Counts.TheAcademy of Management Review.1997,22(4):853-886.
    [81]Thomas Donaldson and Lee E. Preston. The stakeholder theory of the corporation:Concepts,evidence,and implications. The Academy of Management Review,1995,20(1):65-91.
    [82]Margaret M. Blair. Corporate “ownership”. Brookings Review:16-19.
    [83]万建华.利益相关者管理[M].北京:海天出版社,1998.
    [84]李维安.现代公司治理研究,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
    [85]陈宏辉,贾生华.企业利益相关者三维分类的实证分析[J].经济研究,2004(4):32-36.
    [86]Post, James E, Frederick, William Crittenden.1988.Business and society, corporatestrategy, Public policy,ethics. New York: McGraw-Hill1996,708.
    [87]Charkham.J. Corporate governance: lessons from abroad. European BusinessJournal.1992.4(2):8-16
    [88]David Wheeler, Maria Sillanpa. Including the stakeholders: The business case. LongRange planning,1998,31(2):201-210.
    [89]Ronald K. Mitchell, Bradley R. Agle and Donna J. Wood.Toward a theory of stakeholderidentification and salience: Defining the Principle of who and what really counts.The Academy of Management Review,1997,22(4):853-886.
    [90]李心合.面向可持续发展的利益相关者管理[J].当代财经,2001(01):66-70.
    [91]唐勇军.价值管理研究综述与评价[J].财会通讯,2007(5):77-79.
    [92]Franco Modigliani and Merton H. Miller. The Cost of Capital,Corporation Finance andthe Theory of Investment.The American Economic Review,1958,48(3):261-297.
    [93](美)阿尔弗洛德·拉帕波特.创造股东价值.昆明:云南人民出版社,2002.
    [94]汤姆·科普兰等著,郝绍伦等译.价值评估:价值的衡量和管理.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
    [95]詹姆斯·奈特.基于价值的经营.昆明:云南人民出版社.2002.
    [96]莫少颖.价值管理:基于价值创造的新型企业管理理念[J].价值工程2005(11):55-57.
    [97]杨纪琬,阎达五.会计管理是一种价值运动的管理[J].财贸经济1984(10):13-17.
    [98]陈良华.价值管理:一种泛会计概念的提出[J].会计研究.2002.10:53-56.
    [99]吕帅,纪建悦等.利益相关者企业价值理论根源、内涵及研究思路探讨[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2008(6):92-94.
    [100]王竹泉,高芳.基于业务流程管理的价值增值报告模式研究[J].会计研究,2004,(9):47-52.
    [101]张维迎,企业的企业家-契约理论.上海三联出版社.1996.
    [102]张敬陶.论按生产要素分配[硕士学位论文].南昌大学.南昌.2006:4-6,14
    [103]东部沿海地区出现用工荒珠三角缺工超过200万.汉网-武汉晚报,2010.02.21.
    [104]阿伯西内·穆素著,管毅平、郑丹秋等译,讨价还价理论及其应用[M].上海财经大学出版,2005.
    [105]企业种类,百度百科baike.baidu.com/view/5268977.html.
    [106]王蒙.要素资本理论下企业所有权安排研究.中国海洋大学硕士学位论文.2007:16
    [107]陈经璋,胡涵锦.邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论.大连:东北财经大学出版社,2005:123.
    [108]王越子.资本形态裂变与企业权力博弈——一个关于企业所有权安排的分析框架[J].南昌航空工业学院学报(社会科学版).2006(2):12-15.
    [109]李心合.知识经济中资本与产权理论的发展[J].江苏社会科学.1999(1):9-14.
    [110]王荣武,王鹏涛.多形态资本要素与企业存在的原因[J].商业研究.2002(13):15-16.
    [111]罗福凯.要素资本、价值函数与财务效率[J].中国海洋大学学报.2003(1):34-37.
    [112]黄晓波.基于广义资本的财务报告[J].会计研究.2007(10):3-10,95.
    [113]龚丽,张翔.国有企业核心员工有效激励问题的探讨[J].合作经济与科技.2009.7(下):75-76
    [114]邓汉慧著.企业核心利益相关者利益要求与利益取向研究.[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学:2008:75
    [115]BW Morgan. Strategy and enterprise value in the relationship economy[M].International Thomson Publishing House,1998.
    [116]Nike Bontis. Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures andmodels. Management Decision,1998,36(2):63-76.
    [117]L Edvinsson,J Roos&G Roos. Intellectual Capital: Navigating in the New BusinessLandscape. New York University Press,1998.
    [118]彭星闾,龙怒.关系资本——构建企业新的竞争优势[J].财贸研究,2004(5):49-54.
    [119]田金花.关系资本与企业竞争优势的构建.[硕士学位论文]长沙:湖南师范大学,2006.
    [120]石军伟,胡立君,付海艳.企业社会资本的功效结构:基于中国上市公司的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2007(2):94-93.
    [121]边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本与其功效[J].中国社会科学,2000(2):97-99,207.
    [122]罗党论,黄琼宇.民营企业的政治关系与企业价值[J].管理科学,2008(6):21-28.
    [123]卡尔·马克思.资本论(第一卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1975.
    [124][美]亨利·汉斯曼著,于静译.企业所有权论.北京:中国政法大学出版社.2001.142-144.
    [125]韩云昊.企业所有权共享理论及其应用研究.冶金工业出版.2010:61-63
    [126]许艳芳.企业收益分配研究——从剩余索取权的角度出发.中国人民大学博士学位论文.2003.
    [127]龚丽.关于权益资本与债务资本收益分享的探讨.中国管理信息化.2010(1)22-24.
    [128]孙绍荣,宗利永,鲁虹编著.理性行为与非理性行为:从诺贝尔经济学奖获奖理论看行为管理研究的进展.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2007:P118-122.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700