高炉工艺过程优化研究
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摘要
日益增加的成本压力长时间困绕着冶金企业，这就要求冶金企业下决心降低成本、提高生产效率，并将其贯穿于整个冶金过程的始终，这是提高企业竞争力、提高经济效益的关键所在。而炼铁企业的生产成本主要决定于以下因数：
* 原燃料的选择
* 生铁质量
* 生产效率
* 燃料消耗
因为这些因数是彼此互相影响、互相制约的，在一个方面的改善和提高将影响其他方面的改善效果。很显然，整个工艺过程的目标、市场状况、现有高炉的装备水平和高炉工艺操作水平在生产决策中起着十分重要的作用。因此，只有采用过程系统优化技术，才能最大限度地降低生产成本，提高经济效益。
本文在介绍了项目的基本原理和系统构成以及相关的生产工艺的基础上，根据高炉过程优化的要求，从机理上分析了高炉冶炼过程的化学反应，并依据质量能量平衡原理建立了工艺模型和技术计算，按照优化原理建立了过程系统优化模型，并在专家系统的调度下协调工作。系统还包括知识库，它总结了普通高炉操作的理论知识和控制理念，同时，结合钒钛磁铁矿的冶炼知识，形成具有攀钢冶炼特点的知识库。
系统采用了最新的工艺模型、人工智能技术、计算机技术、数据库技术、控制技术和闭环专家系统的知识，包括过程管理、数学模型和基于模糊控制理论的专家系统，在世界上首次使操作人员能够从冶金角度“观测倒”生产中的高炉内部工艺过程，实现生产过程的高度透明性。
攀钢1＃高炉过程优化系统的成功投运，具有很好的经济和社会效益，特别是该项目所采用的最新技术和全面翔实的整理攀钢冶炼钒钛磁铁矿的技术有非常大的作用，同时，证明了攀钢这种条件下，采用高新技术是可行的。
Permanently increasing cost pressure in the iron and steel industry means that cost-optimized operation and highest production quality along the entire process route are the key factors for competitive and profitable production. The production costs are determined by the factors:
* Raw Material Selection
* Hot Metal Quality
* Productivity
* Fuel Consumption
Because these factors have an inverse effect upon each other, improvements in one area generally mean less favorable results in the other areas. It is also obvious that the overall operational objectives, the market, existing blast furnace equipment as well as operational know how additionally play an important role in defining the production strategy. It is therefore only through the application of an optimized automation system that the maximum potential for cost savings in blast furnace operation can be achieved.
This text describes the Project basic principle and System structure and Capabilities of production equipment for mechanism and electric,according as require of Blast Furnace automation,
Analyzes the chemical reactions in blast furnace by principle, according as Mass and Energy Balance principle build on process models and technology calculate, according as Process Optimization principle build on process System Optimization models,and technology calculate,as one time,Expert System Command any model.The expert system contains a knowledge base, which already represents the concentrated know-how of blast furnace operation, gathered from many installations world-wide. It's designed such that existing operation knowledge at PISCO and the experiences,
System is based on advanced process models, artificial intelligence,Computer technology,Database technology,Control technology and closed-loop expert system,include Process Management,Models and based on Fuzzy theory for Exper System.It is the first system in the world which allows operators to metallurgical "look
inside"the blast durance process during operation for ensuring fully transparent operating conditions
Success in Running of Process Optimization System for Blast furnace have brought large economic and social benefits ! The succeed example of use high technology and To have importance for collect the knowledge of PANGANG BF.
* 原燃料的选择
* 生铁质量
* 生产效率
* 燃料消耗
因为这些因数是彼此互相影响、互相制约的，在一个方面的改善和提高将影响其他方面的改善效果。很显然，整个工艺过程的目标、市场状况、现有高炉的装备水平和高炉工艺操作水平在生产决策中起着十分重要的作用。因此，只有采用过程系统优化技术，才能最大限度地降低生产成本，提高经济效益。
本文在介绍了项目的基本原理和系统构成以及相关的生产工艺的基础上，根据高炉过程优化的要求，从机理上分析了高炉冶炼过程的化学反应，并依据质量能量平衡原理建立了工艺模型和技术计算，按照优化原理建立了过程系统优化模型，并在专家系统的调度下协调工作。系统还包括知识库，它总结了普通高炉操作的理论知识和控制理念，同时，结合钒钛磁铁矿的冶炼知识，形成具有攀钢冶炼特点的知识库。
系统采用了最新的工艺模型、人工智能技术、计算机技术、数据库技术、控制技术和闭环专家系统的知识，包括过程管理、数学模型和基于模糊控制理论的专家系统，在世界上首次使操作人员能够从冶金角度“观测倒”生产中的高炉内部工艺过程，实现生产过程的高度透明性。
攀钢1＃高炉过程优化系统的成功投运，具有很好的经济和社会效益，特别是该项目所采用的最新技术和全面翔实的整理攀钢冶炼钒钛磁铁矿的技术有非常大的作用，同时，证明了攀钢这种条件下，采用高新技术是可行的。
Permanently increasing cost pressure in the iron and steel industry means that cost-optimized operation and highest production quality along the entire process route are the key factors for competitive and profitable production. The production costs are determined by the factors:
* Raw Material Selection
* Hot Metal Quality
* Productivity
* Fuel Consumption
Because these factors have an inverse effect upon each other, improvements in one area generally mean less favorable results in the other areas. It is also obvious that the overall operational objectives, the market, existing blast furnace equipment as well as operational know how additionally play an important role in defining the production strategy. It is therefore only through the application of an optimized automation system that the maximum potential for cost savings in blast furnace operation can be achieved.
This text describes the Project basic principle and System structure and Capabilities of production equipment for mechanism and electric,according as require of Blast Furnace automation,
Analyzes the chemical reactions in blast furnace by principle, according as Mass and Energy Balance principle build on process models and technology calculate, according as Process Optimization principle build on process System Optimization models,and technology calculate,as one time,Expert System Command any model.The expert system contains a knowledge base, which already represents the concentrated know-how of blast furnace operation, gathered from many installations world-wide. It's designed such that existing operation knowledge at PISCO and the experiences,
System is based on advanced process models, artificial intelligence,Computer technology,Database technology,Control technology and closed-loop expert system,include Process Management,Models and based on Fuzzy theory for Exper System.It is the first system in the world which allows operators to metallurgical "look
inside"the blast durance process during operation for ensuring fully transparent operating conditions
Success in Running of Process Optimization System for Blast furnace have brought large economic and social benefits ! The succeed example of use high technology and To have importance for collect the knowledge of PANGANG BF.
引文
[1] 喻淑仁.冶金过程数学模型,冶金工业出版社,1996.3
[2] 魏寿彭.过程系统优化技术,中国石油出版社,1995.5
[3] 攀钢钢铁生产工艺 攀钢（集团）公司 1993.8
[4] 方崇智，萧德云.过程辨识,清华大学出版社,1987.7
[5] 姜启源编.数学模型，高等教育出版社,1993.8
[6] 王 伟编著.人工神经网络原理,北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.10
[7] VAI EXPERT SYSTEM USERS GUIDE,2002.4
[8] VAI RULEBOOK,2002.4
[9] VAI XPS MEASURES,2002.4
[10] VAI Xpsdiag,2002.4
[11] VAI Minimum Fuel Consumption Model,2002.5
[12] VAI Burden Distribution Model,2002.3
[13] Richard S.Hoffer,Bruce D.Stackhouse,Klaus D.Stohl,Ect,A New Process Optimization System at Bethlehem Steel's L Furnace,AISESteel Technology,Vol.78 No.2,28-32,2001
[14] Charles Montgomery,Charles l.Sheets,Matti Kivijarvi,No.3 Blast Furnace,Control System Modernization,AISESteel Technology,Vol.78 No.2,37-44,2001
[15] George J.MCManus,New decision on direct reduction,AISESteel Technology,Vol.77 No.11,51-52,2000
[16] 胡仁安.钢铁工业自动化的新技术上 《冶金自动化》 2001.2
[17] 胡仁安.钢铁工业自动化的新技术下 《冶金自动化》 2001.2
[18] 王文瑞.宝钢1550 mm冷轧三电系统概述 《冶金自动化》2001.6
[19] 王文瑞.宝钢三期工程三电系统概述 《冶金自动化》2000.1
[20] Ovation Software Load Kit
[21] OLE FOR Process Control(OPC)_Historical Data Access Custom Interface Standard
[22] OLE FOR Process Control(OPC)_ OPC Alarms and Events
[23] OLE FOR Process Control(OPC)_ OPC Common Definitions and Interfaces
[24] 于常友.工业自动化技术的特点及工业自动化的重要性 《冶金自动化》 1999.2
[25] Point Builder User's Guide
[26] 计算机网络（第三版） 重大研究生院 2001
[27] VAI Hot Stoves Model
[28] OPC规范
[29] Ovation 电子文档
[30] 攀钢2号高炉强化冶炼的物料平衡与热平衡测定,重庆大学，2002.3
[31] 攀钢钒钛渣对高炉系列材质的侵蚀现象和数据分析
[32] VAI Indirect Reduction Model
[33] VAI Flame Temperature Model
[34] VAI Kinetic On-Line Process Model
[35] VAI Raceway Calculation Model
[36] ANIL K.BISWAS.Principles of Blasé Furnace Ironmaking
[37] 周传典,徐矩良，刘云彩等推荐高炉操作的第三代技术.中国冶金报,1999.8.8
[38] [芬兰]Kallo S,Ahola T.芬兰罗德洛基钢厂炼铁的发展.钢铁,1999,34(A):124133
[39] 周传典主编,高炉炼铁生产技术手册,冶金工业出版社,2002
[40] 成兰伯主编，高炉炼铁工艺及计算，冶金工业出版社
[2] 魏寿彭.过程系统优化技术,中国石油出版社,1995.5
[3] 攀钢钢铁生产工艺 攀钢（集团）公司 1993.8
[4] 方崇智，萧德云.过程辨识,清华大学出版社,1987.7
[5] 姜启源编.数学模型，高等教育出版社,1993.8
[6] 王 伟编著.人工神经网络原理,北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.10
[7] VAI EXPERT SYSTEM USERS GUIDE,2002.4
[8] VAI RULEBOOK,2002.4
[9] VAI XPS MEASURES,2002.4
[10] VAI Xpsdiag,2002.4
[11] VAI Minimum Fuel Consumption Model,2002.5
[12] VAI Burden Distribution Model,2002.3
[13] Richard S.Hoffer,Bruce D.Stackhouse,Klaus D.Stohl,Ect,A New Process Optimization System at Bethlehem Steel's L Furnace,AISESteel Technology,Vol.78 No.2,28-32,2001
[14] Charles Montgomery,Charles l.Sheets,Matti Kivijarvi,No.3 Blast Furnace,Control System Modernization,AISESteel Technology,Vol.78 No.2,37-44,2001
[15] George J.MCManus,New decision on direct reduction,AISESteel Technology,Vol.77 No.11,51-52,2000
[16] 胡仁安.钢铁工业自动化的新技术上 《冶金自动化》 2001.2
[17] 胡仁安.钢铁工业自动化的新技术下 《冶金自动化》 2001.2
[18] 王文瑞.宝钢1550 mm冷轧三电系统概述 《冶金自动化》2001.6
[19] 王文瑞.宝钢三期工程三电系统概述 《冶金自动化》2000.1
[20] Ovation Software Load Kit
[21] OLE FOR Process Control(OPC)_Historical Data Access Custom Interface Standard
[22] OLE FOR Process Control(OPC)_ OPC Alarms and Events
[23] OLE FOR Process Control(OPC)_ OPC Common Definitions and Interfaces
[24] 于常友.工业自动化技术的特点及工业自动化的重要性 《冶金自动化》 1999.2
[25] Point Builder User's Guide
[26] 计算机网络（第三版） 重大研究生院 2001
[27] VAI Hot Stoves Model
[28] OPC规范
[29] Ovation 电子文档
[30] 攀钢2号高炉强化冶炼的物料平衡与热平衡测定,重庆大学，2002.3
[31] 攀钢钒钛渣对高炉系列材质的侵蚀现象和数据分析
[32] VAI Indirect Reduction Model
[33] VAI Flame Temperature Model
[34] VAI Kinetic On-Line Process Model
[35] VAI Raceway Calculation Model
[36] ANIL K.BISWAS.Principles of Blasé Furnace Ironmaking
[37] 周传典,徐矩良，刘云彩等推荐高炉操作的第三代技术.中国冶金报,1999.8.8
[38] [芬兰]Kallo S,Ahola T.芬兰罗德洛基钢厂炼铁的发展.钢铁,1999,34(A):124133
[39] 周传典主编,高炉炼铁生产技术手册,冶金工业出版社,2002
[40] 成兰伯主编，高炉炼铁工艺及计算，冶金工业出版社