基于特征建模与Web技术的机床夹具CAD系统研究
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摘要
夹具在机械加工起着重要的作用，它直接影响着机械加工的质量，生产效率和成本，因此夹具设计是机械工艺准备和施工中的一项重要工作。如何将特征建模和Web技术应用于夹具设计过程，实现支持工艺设计过程的计算机辅助夹具设计系统的研究成为该技术领域的一个新的发展趋势。因此，开展基于三维参数化特征建模与Web技术的机床夹具CAD系统(Machine tool Fixture CAD system简称MF-CAD)的研究将有着重要的意义。本文应用特征建模和web技术研究机床夹具CAD体系结构和开发MF-CAD系统的功能模块，有以下研究成果和结论：
(1)通过对计算机辅助夹具系统结构设计方法的分析，论述了MF-CAD系统的体系结构及功能要求，对CAPP／CAFD系统集成的体系结构和功能模块进行了深入探讨。在分析夹具设计与工艺设计的关系的基础上，提出CAPP系统中工艺模型的表示方法，建立了一种基于特征工艺的夹具CAD系统模型。
(2)论述了机床夹具定位系统定位误差分析计算的ARX应用程序的设计思想、程序的主体结构和功能以及程序运行机制，并通过应用程序在AutoCAD2000平台上的运行过程验证了本软件设计功能的可行性。
(3)论述了特征造型和参数化设计的理论与方法以及参数化设计中的变量设计技术。针对夹具元件的结构特征，提出了建立夹具元件参数化图库的方法，开发了夹具元件参数化图库及夹具元件工程图库，供设计人员在夹具设计过程中调用。
(4)将Web技术与MF-CAD相结合，应用Frontpage2000创建Web站点并建立夹具元件参数化图库的设计文件目录，用HTML超文本标注语言创建页面与框架页面之间的超连接，实现了基于Web技术与特征造型的夹具元件参数化图库的远程设计和夹具定位系统ARX应用程序的远程下载。
四川大学硕士学位论文
（5）通过实例测试验证本夹具 CAD系统的各个功能模块的运行过程，结
果表明系统设计合理、人机界面友好、运行稳定，具有广泛的应用前景。
Fixture is very important equipment in process of machine manufacturing because it can directly affect the quality of products and productivity and cost. So fixture designing is also a basilica portion in machine process preparative and manufacture. How to use feature modeling method and Web technology in fixture designing process,which can support whole process planning,has become a researching focus in the field of fixture designing. It is very important to develop the research of machine tool fixture CAD system (MF-CAD) based on 3D parametric feature modeling and Web technology. The paper applies feature modeling and Web technology to research the system structure of MF-CAD and develop the system function. The main working and conclusions in this paper are as follows:
(1) Based on the analyzing to design method of structure of the MF-CAD system,paper discusses the structure of the MF-CAD system and function demands,and profoundly discusses the system structure and function module of integrated CAPP/CAFD system. Through analyzing the connection of process planning designing and fixture designing,the paper establishes integrated module of CAPP/CAFD system based on character technology.
(2) The paper expatiates on designing theory and principal structure and function of procedure of error analyzing and computing of machine fixture orientation system. The application procedure is run on AutoCAD2000 platform,which testifies the feasibility of soft designing function.
(3) The theory and method of parametric feature modeling design as well as the
technology of variable designing are discussed in detail in this paper. According to the structure features of fixture part,the paper brings forward the designing method of parametric graph library of fixture parts and develops parametric graph library and engineering graph library of fixture parts for designers of fixture.
(4) Applying Web technology in MF-CAD, a Web site is set up on Frontpage2000 platform,which provides file directories of parametric graph library of fixture part. Moreover,by founding the hyperlink between web pages and frame pages with HTML (Hypertext Markup Language),the remote design of fixture parts and download of application procedure is realized through Web technologies and feature modeling methods.
(5) The results of practical applications of each designed function module of MF-CAD system shows that it has reasonable designing structure,friendly user interface,and running steadily,so that MF-CAD will have a wide application foreground.
(1)通过对计算机辅助夹具系统结构设计方法的分析，论述了MF-CAD系统的体系结构及功能要求，对CAPP／CAFD系统集成的体系结构和功能模块进行了深入探讨。在分析夹具设计与工艺设计的关系的基础上，提出CAPP系统中工艺模型的表示方法，建立了一种基于特征工艺的夹具CAD系统模型。
(2)论述了机床夹具定位系统定位误差分析计算的ARX应用程序的设计思想、程序的主体结构和功能以及程序运行机制，并通过应用程序在AutoCAD2000平台上的运行过程验证了本软件设计功能的可行性。
(3)论述了特征造型和参数化设计的理论与方法以及参数化设计中的变量设计技术。针对夹具元件的结构特征，提出了建立夹具元件参数化图库的方法，开发了夹具元件参数化图库及夹具元件工程图库，供设计人员在夹具设计过程中调用。
(4)将Web技术与MF-CAD相结合，应用Frontpage2000创建Web站点并建立夹具元件参数化图库的设计文件目录，用HTML超文本标注语言创建页面与框架页面之间的超连接，实现了基于Web技术与特征造型的夹具元件参数化图库的远程设计和夹具定位系统ARX应用程序的远程下载。
四川大学硕士学位论文
（5）通过实例测试验证本夹具 CAD系统的各个功能模块的运行过程，结
果表明系统设计合理、人机界面友好、运行稳定，具有广泛的应用前景。
Fixture is very important equipment in process of machine manufacturing because it can directly affect the quality of products and productivity and cost. So fixture designing is also a basilica portion in machine process preparative and manufacture. How to use feature modeling method and Web technology in fixture designing process,which can support whole process planning,has become a researching focus in the field of fixture designing. It is very important to develop the research of machine tool fixture CAD system (MF-CAD) based on 3D parametric feature modeling and Web technology. The paper applies feature modeling and Web technology to research the system structure of MF-CAD and develop the system function. The main working and conclusions in this paper are as follows:
(1) Based on the analyzing to design method of structure of the MF-CAD system,paper discusses the structure of the MF-CAD system and function demands,and profoundly discusses the system structure and function module of integrated CAPP/CAFD system. Through analyzing the connection of process planning designing and fixture designing,the paper establishes integrated module of CAPP/CAFD system based on character technology.
(2) The paper expatiates on designing theory and principal structure and function of procedure of error analyzing and computing of machine fixture orientation system. The application procedure is run on AutoCAD2000 platform,which testifies the feasibility of soft designing function.
(3) The theory and method of parametric feature modeling design as well as the
technology of variable designing are discussed in detail in this paper. According to the structure features of fixture part,the paper brings forward the designing method of parametric graph library of fixture parts and develops parametric graph library and engineering graph library of fixture parts for designers of fixture.
(4) Applying Web technology in MF-CAD, a Web site is set up on Frontpage2000 platform,which provides file directories of parametric graph library of fixture part. Moreover,by founding the hyperlink between web pages and frame pages with HTML (Hypertext Markup Language),the remote design of fixture parts and download of application procedure is realized through Web technologies and feature modeling methods.
(5) The results of practical applications of each designed function module of MF-CAD system shows that it has reasonable designing structure,friendly user interface,and running steadily,so that MF-CAD will have a wide application foreground.
引文
[1] 殷国富，陈永华．计算机辅助设计技术与应用[M]．科学出版社，2000．2
[2] Chou. Geometric Reasoning for L ayout Design of Machining Fixtures[J], INT. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1999, 7(3):1 75～1 85
[3] Lei W, etak FIX-DES:A Computer-Aided Modular Fixture Configuration Design System [J].Int JAdv Manuf Technol, 1998, 1 4:2 1～3 2
[4] 张旭．三维CAD基础知识和基本方法[J]．计算机辅助设计与制造，2000，1，p84～88．
[5] 李梦群等．夹具图库系统开发与设计．工程建设与设计[J]，1999年第1期
[6] 马贤智，立勤，石俊伟等．《工艺管理导则》[S]．国家机械工业局，2000，11．
[7] 戴同．CAD/CAPP/CAM基本教程[M]．机械工业出版社，1996．
[8] 李洪．机械加工工艺手则[M]．北京出版社，1990，12．
[9] 朱奇志，唐玉茹，李志仁．机床夹具零件及部件生产图册[M]．机械工业出版社，1990，6．
[10] 柏合民，刘文剑，金天国．基于特征与参数化的夹具半自动化设计方法[J]．计算机辅助设计与制造．1998，(9)，29～32．
[11] 张世界，王新海，刘彦华．检索式计算机辅助夹具设计系统[J]．机械工艺师．1995，(10)，20～22．
[12] 屈大伟，齐东海，朱彦正．面向对象的钻削类夹具方案设计专家系统[J]．机械设计．1996，(4)，20～22．
[13] 董仁扬，冯伟，陈伯雄．MDT3.0中文版应用教程[M]．中国科协声像中心，1999，3。
[14] 刘文剑，常伟，金天国等．基于特征的生产工艺系统的研究[J]．中国机械工程，1998，(9)，p24～26．
[15] 孙小斌，杨海成，李原．基于特征的夹具设计方法[J]．机械科学与技术，2000，(5)，p494～495．
[16] 李梦群，刘春美．开放式夹具CAD系统[J]。制造技术与机床，2000，(2)，p23～24．
[17] 李治均，陈国定，赵武．计算机辅助工艺设计[M]．成都大学出版社，1997．
[18] 胡春亮，邓文化．AutoCAD图形库建立方法[J]．计算机与现代化，2000，(1)，p64～67．
[19] 仲高艳．在AutoCAD平台上建立夹具CAD[J]．机械设计，1999，(6)，p28．
[20]张建新，任卫平．交互参数化在AutoCAD中的实现[J]．机电工程，1997，(4)，p1～3．
[21]郭连水，李健等．中小企业选择微机平台三维CAD软件的要素．计算机辅助设计与制造[J]．2000，(1)，p25～26．
[22]王可．微机CAD软件的特点和发展趋势[J]．计算机辅助设计与制造，1999，(2)，p7～10．
[23]王嫦娟，李云江．MDT实体造型中草图应用的研究[J]．机械工艺师，2000，(8)，p10～11．
[24]王华，叶爱亮等．Visual C++6.0编程示例与技巧[M]．机械工业出版社，1999，4．
[25]方铁．AutoCAD C语言高级编程[M]．清化大学出版社，1995，1．
[26]卫德庆，郑忠俊，沈予洪．Auto CAD及程序设计[M]．成都科技大学出版社，1996，1．
[27]李世国．AutoCAD高级开发技术[M]．机械工业出版社．1999，9．
[28]唐敦兵等．CAD应用软件的二次开发[J]．计算机辅助设计与制造．1998，(1)，p7～9．
[29]董仁扬，吴坚．三维参数化夹具CAD系统的开发[J]．Autodesk在中国，2000，(1)．
[30]柏合民，金天国，聂英华，刘文剑．半智能化夹具设计工程数据库的研究[J]．组合机床与自动化加工技术．2000，(2)，p14～16，35．
[31]扬黎明．机械零件设计手册[M]．国防工业出版社，1993。
[32]文福安．最新计算机辅助设计[M]．北京邮电大学出版社，2000，5．
[33]董家骧．计算机辅助工艺过程设计系统智能开发工具[M]．国防工业出版社，1996
[34]杜裴，黄乃康．计算机辅助工艺过程设计原理[M]．北京航天航空大学出版社，1990，12．
[35]张杰，沈精虎．Internet／Intranet环境下的工程设计[M]．人民邮电出版社，2000，7．
[36]陈贤杰，周正寅，王燕．大力协同，实施CAD应用工程提高企业技术创新能力[J]．计算机辅助设计与制造，1999，9，p5～9．
[37]刘良华，朱海东。AutoCAD2000 ARX开发技术[M]。清华大学出版社2000．9
[38]de Fazio T L. A Prototype of Feature-based Design for As-sembly[J]. ASME J. of Mech. Design, 1998, 2 9(8) :575～579.
[39]Kakish, jamil; Zhang, Per-Liang; Zerd, Ibrahim. Towards the design and development of a knowledge-based universal modular jigs and fixtures system..Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 11 4 Aug 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers p 381-401.
[40][Zha X F, et al. Integrated Knowledge-Based Assembly Se-quence Planning [J]. Advanced Manufacturing Technology, l 998, 6(5) :3 54～3 57.
[41] Li, Min-Bo; Cheng, Ye; Zhao, Ben; Zhang, Bo-Peng. . Agile fixture design system for product concurrent design. Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, CIMS v 7 n 8 August 2001 p 44-48 1006-5911．
[42] Senthil Kumar,A;Bok,S.H.; Kiran Kumar,R.;Nee, A.Y.C. The development of an internet-enabled semi-automated fixture design system IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM v 1 Jul 8-12 2001 2001 p 195-200．
[43] Chou. Geometric Reasoning for Layout Design of Machining Fixtures [J].int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 1999, 7(3) , p175~185．
[44] Hurtado,J.F;Melkote,S.N. Effect of fixture design variables on fixture-workpiece conformability and static stability George W. Woodruff School of ME, Georgia Institute of Technology IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM v 1 Jul 8-12 2001 2001 p 189-194 .
[45] Kakish,Jamil;Zhang,Per-Liang;Zerd,Ibrahim. Towards the design and development of a knowledge-based universal modular jigs and fixtures system Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 11 4 Aug 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers p 381-401．
[46] Lin,Zone-Cheng;Huang,Jen-ching. Application of neural networks in fixture planning by pattern classification . Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing v 8 n 4 Aug 1997 Chapman & Hall Ltd p 307-322．
[47] Ma, W.; Lei, Z.; Rong,Y. A computer-aided modular fixture configuration design system. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology v 14 n 1 1998 Springer-Verlag London Ltd. p 21-32
[48] Bai, Y.; Rong, Y. Establishment of modular fixture element assembly relationship for automated fixture design. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Manufacturing Engineering Division, MED v 2-1 Nov 12-17 1999Sponsored by: ASME MED; ASME MH ASME p805-813
[2] Chou. Geometric Reasoning for L ayout Design of Machining Fixtures[J], INT. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1999, 7(3):1 75～1 85
[3] Lei W, etak FIX-DES:A Computer-Aided Modular Fixture Configuration Design System [J].Int JAdv Manuf Technol, 1998, 1 4:2 1～3 2
[4] 张旭．三维CAD基础知识和基本方法[J]．计算机辅助设计与制造，2000，1，p84～88．
[5] 李梦群等．夹具图库系统开发与设计．工程建设与设计[J]，1999年第1期
[6] 马贤智，立勤，石俊伟等．《工艺管理导则》[S]．国家机械工业局，2000，11．
[7] 戴同．CAD/CAPP/CAM基本教程[M]．机械工业出版社，1996．
[8] 李洪．机械加工工艺手则[M]．北京出版社，1990，12．
[9] 朱奇志，唐玉茹，李志仁．机床夹具零件及部件生产图册[M]．机械工业出版社，1990，6．
[10] 柏合民，刘文剑，金天国．基于特征与参数化的夹具半自动化设计方法[J]．计算机辅助设计与制造．1998，(9)，29～32．
[11] 张世界，王新海，刘彦华．检索式计算机辅助夹具设计系统[J]．机械工艺师．1995，(10)，20～22．
[12] 屈大伟，齐东海，朱彦正．面向对象的钻削类夹具方案设计专家系统[J]．机械设计．1996，(4)，20～22．
[13] 董仁扬，冯伟，陈伯雄．MDT3.0中文版应用教程[M]．中国科协声像中心，1999，3。
[14] 刘文剑，常伟，金天国等．基于特征的生产工艺系统的研究[J]．中国机械工程，1998，(9)，p24～26．
[15] 孙小斌，杨海成，李原．基于特征的夹具设计方法[J]．机械科学与技术，2000，(5)，p494～495．
[16] 李梦群，刘春美．开放式夹具CAD系统[J]。制造技术与机床，2000，(2)，p23～24．
[17] 李治均，陈国定，赵武．计算机辅助工艺设计[M]．成都大学出版社，1997．
[18] 胡春亮，邓文化．AutoCAD图形库建立方法[J]．计算机与现代化，2000，(1)，p64～67．
[19] 仲高艳．在AutoCAD平台上建立夹具CAD[J]．机械设计，1999，(6)，p28．
[20]张建新，任卫平．交互参数化在AutoCAD中的实现[J]．机电工程，1997，(4)，p1～3．
[21]郭连水，李健等．中小企业选择微机平台三维CAD软件的要素．计算机辅助设计与制造[J]．2000，(1)，p25～26．
[22]王可．微机CAD软件的特点和发展趋势[J]．计算机辅助设计与制造，1999，(2)，p7～10．
[23]王嫦娟，李云江．MDT实体造型中草图应用的研究[J]．机械工艺师，2000，(8)，p10～11．
[24]王华，叶爱亮等．Visual C++6.0编程示例与技巧[M]．机械工业出版社，1999，4．
[25]方铁．AutoCAD C语言高级编程[M]．清化大学出版社，1995，1．
[26]卫德庆，郑忠俊，沈予洪．Auto CAD及程序设计[M]．成都科技大学出版社，1996，1．
[27]李世国．AutoCAD高级开发技术[M]．机械工业出版社．1999，9．
[28]唐敦兵等．CAD应用软件的二次开发[J]．计算机辅助设计与制造．1998，(1)，p7～9．
[29]董仁扬，吴坚．三维参数化夹具CAD系统的开发[J]．Autodesk在中国，2000，(1)．
[30]柏合民，金天国，聂英华，刘文剑．半智能化夹具设计工程数据库的研究[J]．组合机床与自动化加工技术．2000，(2)，p14～16，35．
[31]扬黎明．机械零件设计手册[M]．国防工业出版社，1993。
[32]文福安．最新计算机辅助设计[M]．北京邮电大学出版社，2000，5．
[33]董家骧．计算机辅助工艺过程设计系统智能开发工具[M]．国防工业出版社，1996
[34]杜裴，黄乃康．计算机辅助工艺过程设计原理[M]．北京航天航空大学出版社，1990，12．
[35]张杰，沈精虎．Internet／Intranet环境下的工程设计[M]．人民邮电出版社，2000，7．
[36]陈贤杰，周正寅，王燕．大力协同，实施CAD应用工程提高企业技术创新能力[J]．计算机辅助设计与制造，1999，9，p5～9．
[37]刘良华，朱海东。AutoCAD2000 ARX开发技术[M]。清华大学出版社2000．9
[38]de Fazio T L. A Prototype of Feature-based Design for As-sembly[J]. ASME J. of Mech. Design, 1998, 2 9(8) :575～579.
[39]Kakish, jamil; Zhang, Per-Liang; Zerd, Ibrahim. Towards the design and development of a knowledge-based universal modular jigs and fixtures system..Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 11 4 Aug 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers p 381-401.
[40][Zha X F, et al. Integrated Knowledge-Based Assembly Se-quence Planning [J]. Advanced Manufacturing Technology, l 998, 6(5) :3 54～3 57.
[41] Li, Min-Bo; Cheng, Ye; Zhao, Ben; Zhang, Bo-Peng. . Agile fixture design system for product concurrent design. Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, CIMS v 7 n 8 August 2001 p 44-48 1006-5911．
[42] Senthil Kumar,A;Bok,S.H.; Kiran Kumar,R.;Nee, A.Y.C. The development of an internet-enabled semi-automated fixture design system IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM v 1 Jul 8-12 2001 2001 p 195-200．
[43] Chou. Geometric Reasoning for Layout Design of Machining Fixtures [J].int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 1999, 7(3) , p175~185．
[44] Hurtado,J.F;Melkote,S.N. Effect of fixture design variables on fixture-workpiece conformability and static stability George W. Woodruff School of ME, Georgia Institute of Technology IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM v 1 Jul 8-12 2001 2001 p 189-194 .
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