基于参数化客船总布置绘图系统的研究
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摘要
船舶总布置设计是船舶设计中极其重要的一环，在整个船舶设计过程中有着十分重要的地位。而总布置图的绘制是一项十分繁杂而又细致的工作，目前大多数设计人员直接采用AutoCAD软件进行总布置图的绘制。虽然该方法让设计人员摆脱了绘图板，但效率仍然不高。尤其在作局部修改时会导致“牵一发而动全身”。其原因是采用绘图软件直接绘制时，仅仅利用了图形的几何信息，而在实际工作中，图形还包括一些具有实际工程意义的几何拓扑关系和尺寸约束等参数信息。因此，在现有计算机辅助绘图软件的基础上增加参数化设计功能可进一步提高绘图效率和质量。
参数化设计是当今CAD技术的发展方向之一。它不仅可使CAD系统具有交互绘图功能，而且可以实现绘图自动化。利用参数化设计可减轻设计人员的工作强度、提高设计速度并减少信息的存储量。本文对参数化设计的相关理论进行了介绍，阐述了各种参数化技术的异同点和适用范围。并结合客船总布置图的特点具体分析了其中的尺寸约束，且建立了相应的数据结构。通过将尺寸参数融入数据结构之中，利用几何推理法编程实现了对尺寸约束的求解。
智能CAD也是CAD技术一个新的发展方向。本文简要介绍了智能CAD的发展状况和几种智能CAD方法。并针对客船总布置设计的特点探讨了建立面向客船总布置设计专家系统的可行性。
考虑到船舶总布置设计具有多目标性和不确定性等特点，本文采用了多目标模糊优化设计方法以建立客船空间布置的数学模型。并通过构造模糊目标集和模糊判决集的隶属函数和采用最大最小法确定多目标最优点以实现对客船空间总布置的优化。
本文所开发的客船总布置绘图系统是建立在上述理论研究基础之上，以客船为典型船型、AutoCAD为软件平台、VC++6.0和ObiectARX 2000为开发工具在微机上设计和开发的。它主要由初始化绘图环境模块、客船总布置图图库模块、局部舱室参数化设计模块及客船规范帮助模块四个模块组成。其中初始化绘图环境模块主要针对客船总布置图绘制的特点来完成比例、线型、图幅和图框的设置；客船总布置图图库模块主要完成图库的建立和扩充、图库的查询以及图块的输出；局部舱室参数化设计模块采用参数化技术完成对局部舱室图形的自动修改以及交互设计；客船规范帮助模块则集中了一些
武汉理工大学硕士学位论文
客船绘制规范，如锚泊及系泊设备、驾驶室、乘客舱室及行李的放置、脱险
措施及乘客定额等规范。
该系统具有界面友善、操作简单、绘图方便和自动修改等特点，适用于
中小客船总布置图的绘制及修改。
The ship's General arrangement design plays an important role in the course of whole shipping design. Drawing the general arrangement graphs is a complex and meticulous task. At present, most designers have used directly computer aided drawing software, such as AutoCAD, to draw the graph. Although the computer aided drawing tools break the designers away from drawing broads, the design efficiency is still not high. Especially one place of the graph is modified, while other related places are also necessary to be modified. The reason is that only geometry information of the graph is used to draw in this way. In fact, there is much other parameter information with engineering meanings in the graph, such as relations of geometry topology and constraints of dimension. Hence adding the function of parameterization design under the foundation of computer aided drawing software can enhance drawing efficiency and quality.
The parameterization design is one of the development directions of CAD presently. It can't only provide the function of interactive drawing, but also can implement automatization of drawing. Therefore, the method can lighten working intension for designer, quicken design speed and decrease the amount of information to store. In this paper, the relevant theories about the parameterization design are introduced briefly and the similarities and differences of several parameterization design methods and their application scopes are compared. Then we analyze the constraints of dimension in the general arrangement graph and set up related data structure. Through merging the dimension parameters into the data structure, the solutions to the constraints are solved using geometry organon.
Intelligent CAD is another developing direction of CAD. The development status and several methods of intelligent CAD are introduced in the paper. According to the characteristics of design, the feasibility to found expert system oriented the design of general arrangement for passenger shipping is discussed in the paper.
Considering the properties of multiple objects and uncertainty in ship's general arrangement design, a fuzzy optimize design method of multiple objects is used to set up the mathematics model of space arrangement of passenger shipping. And in order to optimize space arrangement, a subjection function for the set of fuzzy objects and the set of
fuzzy judgements is constructed and the optimal point is also formed adopting the maximal and minimal method.
Based on the researches as above, a parameterization design and drawing system for the general arrangement graph of passenger shipping is designed, which is developed on the platform of AutoCAD using VC++6.0 and ObjectARX 2000 as development tools. The system is made of four function modules: the module of initializating drawing environment ,the module of graph library for the general arrangement graph, the module of parameterization design for local cabin and the help module of specification about passenger shipping. The main functions of the module for initializing drawing environment are to set up the scale.linetype.breadth and frame of drawings according to the characteristics of the general arrangement drawing to passenger shippings.The main functions of the second module is to establish and extend graph library, retrieve from graph library and output graph blocks. Using the parameterization design method to design interactively and modify automatically graphs of the local cabin are the tasks of the third module. In the help module, the drawing specifications of passenger shipping are integrated, such as equipments of anchor and moor, arrangement of cab, cabin and baggage, measures to come through and ration of passengers, etc.
There are some advantages in the proposed system, such as friend interface, operation easily, drawing conveniently and modification automatically. Therefore, it is very suitable for the drawing and modification of the general arrangement for middle or small passenger shipping.
参数化设计是当今CAD技术的发展方向之一。它不仅可使CAD系统具有交互绘图功能，而且可以实现绘图自动化。利用参数化设计可减轻设计人员的工作强度、提高设计速度并减少信息的存储量。本文对参数化设计的相关理论进行了介绍，阐述了各种参数化技术的异同点和适用范围。并结合客船总布置图的特点具体分析了其中的尺寸约束，且建立了相应的数据结构。通过将尺寸参数融入数据结构之中，利用几何推理法编程实现了对尺寸约束的求解。
智能CAD也是CAD技术一个新的发展方向。本文简要介绍了智能CAD的发展状况和几种智能CAD方法。并针对客船总布置设计的特点探讨了建立面向客船总布置设计专家系统的可行性。
考虑到船舶总布置设计具有多目标性和不确定性等特点，本文采用了多目标模糊优化设计方法以建立客船空间布置的数学模型。并通过构造模糊目标集和模糊判决集的隶属函数和采用最大最小法确定多目标最优点以实现对客船空间总布置的优化。
本文所开发的客船总布置绘图系统是建立在上述理论研究基础之上，以客船为典型船型、AutoCAD为软件平台、VC++6.0和ObiectARX 2000为开发工具在微机上设计和开发的。它主要由初始化绘图环境模块、客船总布置图图库模块、局部舱室参数化设计模块及客船规范帮助模块四个模块组成。其中初始化绘图环境模块主要针对客船总布置图绘制的特点来完成比例、线型、图幅和图框的设置；客船总布置图图库模块主要完成图库的建立和扩充、图库的查询以及图块的输出；局部舱室参数化设计模块采用参数化技术完成对局部舱室图形的自动修改以及交互设计；客船规范帮助模块则集中了一些
武汉理工大学硕士学位论文
客船绘制规范，如锚泊及系泊设备、驾驶室、乘客舱室及行李的放置、脱险
措施及乘客定额等规范。
该系统具有界面友善、操作简单、绘图方便和自动修改等特点，适用于
中小客船总布置图的绘制及修改。
The ship's General arrangement design plays an important role in the course of whole shipping design. Drawing the general arrangement graphs is a complex and meticulous task. At present, most designers have used directly computer aided drawing software, such as AutoCAD, to draw the graph. Although the computer aided drawing tools break the designers away from drawing broads, the design efficiency is still not high. Especially one place of the graph is modified, while other related places are also necessary to be modified. The reason is that only geometry information of the graph is used to draw in this way. In fact, there is much other parameter information with engineering meanings in the graph, such as relations of geometry topology and constraints of dimension. Hence adding the function of parameterization design under the foundation of computer aided drawing software can enhance drawing efficiency and quality.
The parameterization design is one of the development directions of CAD presently. It can't only provide the function of interactive drawing, but also can implement automatization of drawing. Therefore, the method can lighten working intension for designer, quicken design speed and decrease the amount of information to store. In this paper, the relevant theories about the parameterization design are introduced briefly and the similarities and differences of several parameterization design methods and their application scopes are compared. Then we analyze the constraints of dimension in the general arrangement graph and set up related data structure. Through merging the dimension parameters into the data structure, the solutions to the constraints are solved using geometry organon.
Intelligent CAD is another developing direction of CAD. The development status and several methods of intelligent CAD are introduced in the paper. According to the characteristics of design, the feasibility to found expert system oriented the design of general arrangement for passenger shipping is discussed in the paper.
Considering the properties of multiple objects and uncertainty in ship's general arrangement design, a fuzzy optimize design method of multiple objects is used to set up the mathematics model of space arrangement of passenger shipping. And in order to optimize space arrangement, a subjection function for the set of fuzzy objects and the set of
fuzzy judgements is constructed and the optimal point is also formed adopting the maximal and minimal method.
Based on the researches as above, a parameterization design and drawing system for the general arrangement graph of passenger shipping is designed, which is developed on the platform of AutoCAD using VC++6.0 and ObjectARX 2000 as development tools. The system is made of four function modules: the module of initializating drawing environment ,the module of graph library for the general arrangement graph, the module of parameterization design for local cabin and the help module of specification about passenger shipping. The main functions of the module for initializing drawing environment are to set up the scale.linetype.breadth and frame of drawings according to the characteristics of the general arrangement drawing to passenger shippings.The main functions of the second module is to establish and extend graph library, retrieve from graph library and output graph blocks. Using the parameterization design method to design interactively and modify automatically graphs of the local cabin are the tasks of the third module. In the help module, the drawing specifications of passenger shipping are integrated, such as equipments of anchor and moor, arrangement of cab, cabin and baggage, measures to come through and ration of passengers, etc.
There are some advantages in the proposed system, such as friend interface, operation easily, drawing conveniently and modification automatically. Therefore, it is very suitable for the drawing and modification of the general arrangement for middle or small passenger shipping.
引文
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[2]宋丽萍，高速船总布置的舱室参数化研究，武汉交通科技大学硕士论文，2001．3
[3]李浩等，基于特征的参数化造型的思想，贵州工业大学CAD技术研究所
[4]Tribon MI系统简要说明书，Tribon Solution公司，1999
[5]蔡青等，CAD／CAM系统的可视化、集成化、智能化、网络化，西北工业大学出版社，1996．11
[6]童秉枢，现代CAD技术，清华大学出版社，2000．7
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[8]冯恩德、席龙飞等，船舶设计原理，大连海事大学出版社，1990
[9]张琦，二维图形参数化设计，北京航天大学硕士论文，1994．3
[10]高飞等，实体造型中的几何约束，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1994，4
[11]胡轶敏，一种基于功能约束的参数化图形设计方法，计算机辅助工程，1997．3
[12]乐玮琳等，机械CAD的关键技术一约束求解，计算机辅助工程，1999．3
[13]陈强努，约束和基于约束的参数化设计，计算机辅助工程，2000．12
[14]刘良华等，AutoCAD2000 ARX开发技术，清华大学出版社，2000．9
[15]江思敏等，AutoCAD2000开发工具——ObjectARX开发工具与应用实例，人民邮电出版社，1999．11
[16]李炜等，基于三维实体造型的舰船主体布置CAD系统，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1997(4)
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[20]金建国等，一个基于图基约束集映射的参数化设计模型，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2000．8
[21]尹建国等，基于特征造型的轴类零件的自动参数化绘图方法，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2000．3
[22]林峰，基于图形数据的图形参数化方法，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1993．5(3)
[23]张平，规则图形参数化设计与图形管理，软件开发与应用，武汉船舶设计研究所，1995(5)
[24]陈东帆等，CAD中的图形尺寸自动修改，计算机辅助工程，1992(3)
[25]高曙明等，一种基于几何推理的参数化设计方法，计算机学报，1994(11)
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[28]Yongjae shin and Soon-Hung Han. Data enhancement for sharing of ship design models. Computer-Aided Design 1998,30(12)
[29]Verroust A, Schonek F, Roller D. Rule-oriented method for parameterized computer-aided design. CAD, 1992.22(10)
[30]Kondo k. Algebraic method for manipulation of dimensional relation-ships in geometric models. CAD, 1992.24(3)
[31]John R Dixon, John J Cunningham and Melvin K Simmons. Research in Designing with Feature.
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[34]郑松，总布置CAD系统的开发，船舶工程，1996．1
[35]程进明，基于几何分析和编程方法的图形参数化研究与实现，华中理工大学硕士学位论文，1997
[36]董金祥等，变参数绘图中约束求解的新思路，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，9(6)，1997，513～519
[37]严蔚敏等，数据结构(C语言版)，清华大学出版社，1997．4
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[2]宋丽萍，高速船总布置的舱室参数化研究，武汉交通科技大学硕士论文，2001．3
[3]李浩等，基于特征的参数化造型的思想，贵州工业大学CAD技术研究所
[4]Tribon MI系统简要说明书，Tribon Solution公司，1999
[5]蔡青等，CAD／CAM系统的可视化、集成化、智能化、网络化，西北工业大学出版社，1996．11
[6]童秉枢，现代CAD技术，清华大学出版社，2000．7
[7]陈宾康、董元胜等，计算机辅助船舶设计，国防工业出版社，1994
[8]冯恩德、席龙飞等，船舶设计原理，大连海事大学出版社，1990
[9]张琦，二维图形参数化设计，北京航天大学硕士论文，1994．3
[10]高飞等，实体造型中的几何约束，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1994，4
[11]胡轶敏，一种基于功能约束的参数化图形设计方法，计算机辅助工程，1997．3
[12]乐玮琳等，机械CAD的关键技术一约束求解，计算机辅助工程，1999．3
[13]陈强努，约束和基于约束的参数化设计，计算机辅助工程，2000．12
[14]刘良华等，AutoCAD2000 ARX开发技术，清华大学出版社，2000．9
[15]江思敏等，AutoCAD2000开发工具——ObjectARX开发工具与应用实例，人民邮电出版社，1999．11
[16]李炜等，基于三维实体造型的舰船主体布置CAD系统，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1997(4)
[17]Namhee Kim. Entity-based for computer-aided design system. Journal Of Computer In Civil Engineering, 1998(1)
[18]Rabren U. ship geometry modeling. Ship Technology Research, 1996,43(3)
[19]D. Roller. An approach to computer-aided parametric design, CAD, 1991.23(5):385～391
[20]金建国等，一个基于图基约束集映射的参数化设计模型，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2000．8
[21]尹建国等，基于特征造型的轴类零件的自动参数化绘图方法，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2000．3
[22]林峰，基于图形数据的图形参数化方法，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1993．5(3)
[23]张平，规则图形参数化设计与图形管理，软件开发与应用，武汉船舶设计研究所，1995(5)
[24]陈东帆等，CAD中的图形尺寸自动修改，计算机辅助工程，1992(3)
[25]高曙明等，一种基于几何推理的参数化设计方法，计算机学报，1994(11)
[26]陆国栋，系统化图形自动生成的新方法，工程图学学报，1992(3)
[27]Roller D. Advanced methods for parametric design. Geometric Modeling Methods and Applications, Hagen H and Roller D (Editor), 1991
[28]Yongjae shin and Soon-Hung Han. Data enhancement for sharing of ship design models. Computer-Aided Design 1998,30(12)
[29]Verroust A, Schonek F, Roller D. Rule-oriented method for parameterized computer-aided design. CAD, 1992.22(10)
[30]Kondo k. Algebraic method for manipulation of dimensional relation-ships in geometric models. CAD, 1992.24(3)
[31]John R Dixon, John J Cunningham and Melvin K Simmons. Research in Designing with Feature.
[32]B L Davies, A J Robotham, A .Yarwood. Computer-aided Drawing and Design. 1991
[33]Vosniakos G C. Knowledge-based interpretation of CAD-drawing anno-tation for mechanical engineering components. CAD, 1992.24(10)
[34]郑松，总布置CAD系统的开发，船舶工程，1996．1
[35]程进明，基于几何分析和编程方法的图形参数化研究与实现，华中理工大学硕士学位论文，1997
[36]董金祥等，变参数绘图中约束求解的新思路，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，9(6)，1997，513～519
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