露天转地下开采过程三维可视化仿真模型及稳定性分析
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摘要
随着我国矿业的快速发展,传统的地测采技术分布管理模式和手工处理方式,已解决不了因矿区规模扩大、生产效率提升而带来的技术与管理难题,加快数字化和信息化建设,已经成为很多矿山企业的发展目标。同时,露天转地下开采在矿业领域是广泛存在的问题,也是矿业市场持续发展需要解决的问题。
本文选择澳大利亚SURPAC Minex Group开发的SURPAC软件作为三维仿真模型建模平台,以本钢南芬矿为工程背景,构建了本钢南芬露天矿露天转地下开采过程三维可视化仿真模型;并由SURPAC建立三维地质模型,进行真实的岩层划分,然后导入到大型有限差分计算软件FLAC中,对矿体地下部分进行崩落采矿法数值模拟,得出了边坡稳定性随开挖深度变化的变化规律,为下一步矿山进入地下开采提供了参考依据。
本文的主要研究工作如下:
(1)通过对南芬铁矿地质资料进行收集、整理和分析,确定南芬矿露天转地下的可行性方案,并运用大型矿山设计软件SURPAC建立南芬矿露天转地下开采系统三维可视化仿真模型。
(2)在南芬铁矿真实地质构造的基础上运用SURPAC建立南芬矿三维地质模型,并转换到大型力学计算软件FLAC中。提炼出SURPAC建模并转换为FLAC计算模型过程中遇到的技术问题,并给出解决方法。
(3)转换后的仿真模型利用FLAC软件进行力学模拟,真实模拟南芬矿露天转地下无底柱崩落采矿法,通过对模型进行力学分析,分别得到它在应力、位移与塑性区方面的分布规律。
With the fast development of the mining industry in our country, the traditional geology survey method, mining technology and the manual handling have not solved the technical and managing problems yet, speeding up the digitization and the information construction have already become the development goal for many mine enterprises. At the same time, the strip mining changes into the underground mining is a aboard existent problem in mining realm, and is a problem which is need to solve for mining market’s continual development.
This article chooses the software SURPAC development by Australia SURPAC Minex Group as 3d simulation model construction platform and builds BenGang NanFen strip mine's the strip mining changes into the underground mining digital 3d mine model. We built the geologic model by the software SURPAC and Categorization of a group of rock according to the real facts, then transmitted it into the umbrella finite difference calculate software FLAC, carried out numerical simulation towards the ore body by spall, then we got the rule of the slope stability changing with the varying depth of excavation. They both provide reference for Mine changes into underground mining.
The main work of this article is as follows:
(1)Though the collection, collation and analysis of the NanFen strip mine's geological date, determine the feasibility plan of NanFen strip mine's the strip mining changes into the underground mining, and using the software SURPAC to build the simulation model of three-dimensional visualization of the change of mining technique from open pit to underground mining’s recovery system.
(2)Based on the real geological structure, using the software SURPAC to build the three-dimensional geological model and transmit it into the software FLAC, refining the technical problems which are encountered during the process of modeling by the software SURPAC and transmitted it into the software FLAC.
(3)To conduct the mechanical simulation on the model that is transmitted into FLAC, and carried out numerical simulation towards the NanFen strip by spall. To do the mechanical analysis of the model, then get the distribution of the stress, the displacement and the plastic zone.
本文选择澳大利亚SURPAC Minex Group开发的SURPAC软件作为三维仿真模型建模平台,以本钢南芬矿为工程背景,构建了本钢南芬露天矿露天转地下开采过程三维可视化仿真模型;并由SURPAC建立三维地质模型,进行真实的岩层划分,然后导入到大型有限差分计算软件FLAC中,对矿体地下部分进行崩落采矿法数值模拟,得出了边坡稳定性随开挖深度变化的变化规律,为下一步矿山进入地下开采提供了参考依据。
本文的主要研究工作如下:
(1)通过对南芬铁矿地质资料进行收集、整理和分析,确定南芬矿露天转地下的可行性方案,并运用大型矿山设计软件SURPAC建立南芬矿露天转地下开采系统三维可视化仿真模型。
(2)在南芬铁矿真实地质构造的基础上运用SURPAC建立南芬矿三维地质模型,并转换到大型力学计算软件FLAC中。提炼出SURPAC建模并转换为FLAC计算模型过程中遇到的技术问题,并给出解决方法。
(3)转换后的仿真模型利用FLAC软件进行力学模拟,真实模拟南芬矿露天转地下无底柱崩落采矿法,通过对模型进行力学分析,分别得到它在应力、位移与塑性区方面的分布规律。
With the fast development of the mining industry in our country, the traditional geology survey method, mining technology and the manual handling have not solved the technical and managing problems yet, speeding up the digitization and the information construction have already become the development goal for many mine enterprises. At the same time, the strip mining changes into the underground mining is a aboard existent problem in mining realm, and is a problem which is need to solve for mining market’s continual development.
This article chooses the software SURPAC development by Australia SURPAC Minex Group as 3d simulation model construction platform and builds BenGang NanFen strip mine's the strip mining changes into the underground mining digital 3d mine model. We built the geologic model by the software SURPAC and Categorization of a group of rock according to the real facts, then transmitted it into the umbrella finite difference calculate software FLAC, carried out numerical simulation towards the ore body by spall, then we got the rule of the slope stability changing with the varying depth of excavation. They both provide reference for Mine changes into underground mining.
The main work of this article is as follows:
(1)Though the collection, collation and analysis of the NanFen strip mine's geological date, determine the feasibility plan of NanFen strip mine's the strip mining changes into the underground mining, and using the software SURPAC to build the simulation model of three-dimensional visualization of the change of mining technique from open pit to underground mining’s recovery system.
(2)Based on the real geological structure, using the software SURPAC to build the three-dimensional geological model and transmit it into the software FLAC, refining the technical problems which are encountered during the process of modeling by the software SURPAC and transmitted it into the software FLAC.
(3)To conduct the mechanical simulation on the model that is transmitted into FLAC, and carried out numerical simulation towards the NanFen strip by spall. To do the mechanical analysis of the model, then get the distribution of the stress, the displacement and the plastic zone.
引文
[1] Tiejun.黑色金属矿露天转地下开采前期科.采矿技术.2009.10.
[2]郭金峰.金属矿山露天转地下开采的发展现状与对策.云南冶金.2003.2.
[3] SURPAC Minex Group国际软件公司,SURPAC Vision系列培训教材.2008.6.
[4]本钢南芬铁矿扩帮过渡工程境界修改初步设计说明书2000.11
[5]杨东来,张永波,王新春等.地质体三维建模方法与技术指南.地质出版社. 2007.9.
[6]黄艳丽,秦德先,李连伟. SURPAC Vision及其在数字矿山中的应用.矿业快报.2005.5(5):27～30
[7]程天赦,杨文静. SURPAC Vision软件在金属矿山中的应用研究.金属矿山.2007(9):16～19
[8]刘勇强,薛传东.基于SURPAC软件的三维地层模型研究.科技情报开发与经济.2008(18):161
[9]陈国山.采矿概论.冶金工业出版社. 2008.1
[10] Ambatovy Laterite Nickel Porject Feasibility Study .Dynatec ,December2004
[11]吴立新.数字地球、数字中国与数字矿区[J].矿山测量,2000(1):6～9.
[12]秦德先,燕永锋等.矿床教学经济模型[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.2001.
[13]丁威.利用SURPAC软件打造数字化金属矿山[J].矿业快报.2006.3.
[14]张虹.露天矿山模拟数字化采掘管理系统的实现[J].矿业快报.2006.10.
[15]周智勇,陈建宏,周科平.SURPAC Vision软件在矿床建模中的应用[J].矿业工程,2004,4(2):56～58.
[16]陈佩佩,叶勇,张守仁.矿山工程软件SURPAC Vision在煤矿中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,3(30):29～31.
[17]吴亚民. SURPAC Vision软件在矿山地质中的应用.中国矿山工程. 2007.8(4):17～21
[18]王雷,韩润生,邹海俊,吴鹏,李波,刁理品. SURPAC Vision三维可视化软件在找矿中的应用——以大姚铜矿小河—石门砍矿段为例.第二届全国应用地球化学学术讨论会论文专辑.450～451
[19]韩永军. SURPAC软件在金川镍矿的应用与数字矿山.金属矿山. 2004.11:65～68
[20]杨建宇,秦德先,胡志军. SURPAC在大厂92号矿体经济评价中的应用.昆明理工大学学报(理工版). 2007.4(2):1～3
[21]吴立新等.数字矿山构想与关键技术.首届中国矿山联合会年会特邀报告.2001.厦门
[22]卢晋敏,陈广平,丁威.大黑山钼矿三维矿体模型的构建.矿业工程. 2007.6(3):68～70
[23]陈伟,薛清泼,赵洋.当前国际上较为流行的矿业软件评价.有色金属(矿山部分). 2007.7(4):22～26
[24]罗建平.AutoCAD系统在露天矿山应用的探讨[J].水泥工程,2002(3):22～23.
[25]罗周全,刘晓明,苏家红,吴亚斌,刘望平.基于SURPAC的矿床三维模型构建.金属矿山. 2006(4):33～37
[26] Gong J Y,Cheng P G,Wang Y D.three—dimensional modeling and application in geological exploration engineering[J].Computers&Geoseiences,2004,30(4):391～404.
[27] Wu Qiang,Xu Hua.An approach to computer modeling and visualization of geological faults in 3D.Computers& Geosciences.2003.29(4):507～513.
[28] Surpae Vision软件用户使用手册[M].北京:SURPAC Soft.Ware International国际软件公司.2008.6
[29]李海华,张瑞新.应用SURPAC软件进行露天矿采矿工程的可视化[J].中国矿业,2004,13(1):63～65.
[30] Lemon A M.Jones N L.Building solid models from boreholes and user—defined cross—sections[J].Computers& Geosciences,2003.29(3):547～555.
[31] Simon W . Houlding . Practical geostatistics . modeling and spatial analysis[M].New York and Heidelburg:Springer～Verlag.2000
[32]刘明维,郑颖人.基于有限元强度折减法确定滑坡多滑动面方法.岩石力学与工程学报. 2006.8:1544～1548
[33]赵尚毅,郑颖人,时卫民,等.用有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(3):343～346
[34]赵尚毅,郑颖人,邓卫东.用有限元强度折减法进行岩质滑坡稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):254～260
[35]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓卫东.岩质滑坡破坏机制有限元数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报[J].,2003,22(12):1943～1952
[36]栾茂田,武亚军,年廷凯.强度折减有限元法中边坡失稳的塑性区判断及其应用[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(3):1～8
[37]张鲁渝,时卫民,郑颖人.平面应变条件下的土坡稳定的有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(4):487～490
[38]郑颖人,沈珠江,龚晓南.广义塑性力学——岩土塑性力学原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[39] Ambatovy Laterite Nickel Project Feasibility Study. Dynatec,December 2004
[40]吴健生,朱谷昌,曾新平等,三维GIS技术在固体矿产勘探和开发中的研究与应用.地质与勘探,2004,40(1):68～72
[41] D.斯科菲尔德.计算机制图及图像仿真在采矿中工业中的应用.国外金属矿山,1999(5):22～27
[42]张金山.计算机技术在采矿工业中应用现状与展望.中国矿业,2000(1):67～70
[43]南格利.采矿CAD在冬瓜山铜矿设计中的应用研究.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[44] S.卡特.通过互联网信息访问促进有根据的决策制定.国外金属矿山,1999(4):63～64
[45]王文铭,张秀丽等.矿山企业智能诊断与数据仓库技术.中国矿业,1999(6):73～75
[46]王银宏,彭润民,王建平.克里格算法的若干思考.地质与勘探,2004,40(2):57～59
[47]吴立新,殷作如,邓智毅.论21世纪的矿山:数字矿山.煤炭学报,2000(4):337～340
[48] John.D.Failfield. Computer Program For the Design Of Open Pit. 7th APCOM,1969
[49] L.A.J.Pronkuan. An Open Pit Design System For Stratiform Ore Bodies. 10thAPCOM,1972
[50]贾明涛,潘长良.集成可视化矿床建模软件DMS在某矿山的应用.中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2000(10):396～399
[51]荣铃聪.三维地质模型软件.中国软件,1999(3):24～27
[52]刘光伟.三维模型的空间分析.昆明理工大学学报(理工版). 2003,28(5):13～16
[53]匡忠祥,宋卫东.地下金属矿山灾害防治技术.冶金工业出版社.2008.
[2]郭金峰.金属矿山露天转地下开采的发展现状与对策.云南冶金.2003.2.
[3] SURPAC Minex Group国际软件公司,SURPAC Vision系列培训教材.2008.6.
[4]本钢南芬铁矿扩帮过渡工程境界修改初步设计说明书2000.11
[5]杨东来,张永波,王新春等.地质体三维建模方法与技术指南.地质出版社. 2007.9.
[6]黄艳丽,秦德先,李连伟. SURPAC Vision及其在数字矿山中的应用.矿业快报.2005.5(5):27～30
[7]程天赦,杨文静. SURPAC Vision软件在金属矿山中的应用研究.金属矿山.2007(9):16～19
[8]刘勇强,薛传东.基于SURPAC软件的三维地层模型研究.科技情报开发与经济.2008(18):161
[9]陈国山.采矿概论.冶金工业出版社. 2008.1
[10] Ambatovy Laterite Nickel Porject Feasibility Study .Dynatec ,December2004
[11]吴立新.数字地球、数字中国与数字矿区[J].矿山测量,2000(1):6～9.
[12]秦德先,燕永锋等.矿床教学经济模型[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.2001.
[13]丁威.利用SURPAC软件打造数字化金属矿山[J].矿业快报.2006.3.
[14]张虹.露天矿山模拟数字化采掘管理系统的实现[J].矿业快报.2006.10.
[15]周智勇,陈建宏,周科平.SURPAC Vision软件在矿床建模中的应用[J].矿业工程,2004,4(2):56～58.
[16]陈佩佩,叶勇,张守仁.矿山工程软件SURPAC Vision在煤矿中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,3(30):29～31.
[17]吴亚民. SURPAC Vision软件在矿山地质中的应用.中国矿山工程. 2007.8(4):17～21
[18]王雷,韩润生,邹海俊,吴鹏,李波,刁理品. SURPAC Vision三维可视化软件在找矿中的应用——以大姚铜矿小河—石门砍矿段为例.第二届全国应用地球化学学术讨论会论文专辑.450～451
[19]韩永军. SURPAC软件在金川镍矿的应用与数字矿山.金属矿山. 2004.11:65～68
[20]杨建宇,秦德先,胡志军. SURPAC在大厂92号矿体经济评价中的应用.昆明理工大学学报(理工版). 2007.4(2):1～3
[21]吴立新等.数字矿山构想与关键技术.首届中国矿山联合会年会特邀报告.2001.厦门
[22]卢晋敏,陈广平,丁威.大黑山钼矿三维矿体模型的构建.矿业工程. 2007.6(3):68～70
[23]陈伟,薛清泼,赵洋.当前国际上较为流行的矿业软件评价.有色金属(矿山部分). 2007.7(4):22～26
[24]罗建平.AutoCAD系统在露天矿山应用的探讨[J].水泥工程,2002(3):22～23.
[25]罗周全,刘晓明,苏家红,吴亚斌,刘望平.基于SURPAC的矿床三维模型构建.金属矿山. 2006(4):33～37
[26] Gong J Y,Cheng P G,Wang Y D.three—dimensional modeling and application in geological exploration engineering[J].Computers&Geoseiences,2004,30(4):391～404.
[27] Wu Qiang,Xu Hua.An approach to computer modeling and visualization of geological faults in 3D.Computers& Geosciences.2003.29(4):507～513.
[28] Surpae Vision软件用户使用手册[M].北京:SURPAC Soft.Ware International国际软件公司.2008.6
[29]李海华,张瑞新.应用SURPAC软件进行露天矿采矿工程的可视化[J].中国矿业,2004,13(1):63～65.
[30] Lemon A M.Jones N L.Building solid models from boreholes and user—defined cross—sections[J].Computers& Geosciences,2003.29(3):547～555.
[31] Simon W . Houlding . Practical geostatistics . modeling and spatial analysis[M].New York and Heidelburg:Springer～Verlag.2000
[32]刘明维,郑颖人.基于有限元强度折减法确定滑坡多滑动面方法.岩石力学与工程学报. 2006.8:1544～1548
[33]赵尚毅,郑颖人,时卫民,等.用有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(3):343～346
[34]赵尚毅,郑颖人,邓卫东.用有限元强度折减法进行岩质滑坡稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):254～260
[35]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓卫东.岩质滑坡破坏机制有限元数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报[J].,2003,22(12):1943～1952
[36]栾茂田,武亚军,年廷凯.强度折减有限元法中边坡失稳的塑性区判断及其应用[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(3):1～8
[37]张鲁渝,时卫民,郑颖人.平面应变条件下的土坡稳定的有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(4):487～490
[38]郑颖人,沈珠江,龚晓南.广义塑性力学——岩土塑性力学原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[39] Ambatovy Laterite Nickel Project Feasibility Study. Dynatec,December 2004
[40]吴健生,朱谷昌,曾新平等,三维GIS技术在固体矿产勘探和开发中的研究与应用.地质与勘探,2004,40(1):68～72
[41] D.斯科菲尔德.计算机制图及图像仿真在采矿中工业中的应用.国外金属矿山,1999(5):22～27
[42]张金山.计算机技术在采矿工业中应用现状与展望.中国矿业,2000(1):67～70
[43]南格利.采矿CAD在冬瓜山铜矿设计中的应用研究.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[44] S.卡特.通过互联网信息访问促进有根据的决策制定.国外金属矿山,1999(4):63～64
[45]王文铭,张秀丽等.矿山企业智能诊断与数据仓库技术.中国矿业,1999(6):73～75
[46]王银宏,彭润民,王建平.克里格算法的若干思考.地质与勘探,2004,40(2):57～59
[47]吴立新,殷作如,邓智毅.论21世纪的矿山:数字矿山.煤炭学报,2000(4):337～340
[48] John.D.Failfield. Computer Program For the Design Of Open Pit. 7th APCOM,1969
[49] L.A.J.Pronkuan. An Open Pit Design System For Stratiform Ore Bodies. 10thAPCOM,1972
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