微网发电技术若干问题研究
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摘要
分布式发电作为集中式发电的有效补充,有助于推动清洁能源和可再生能源在电力生产中的应用,可提高一次能源利用效率和局部供电可靠性。
微网是一种可有效协调管理多种形式的分布式电源的发电技术,有助于实现分布式电源与配电网之间的协调运行。微网与配电网之间的协调运行、微网内部电源的协调控制、提高微网供电可靠性、微网线路保护、合理配置微网主电源直流侧的储能设备和微网能量优化管理等都是亟待研究的问题。本文针对微网主电源的协调控制、提高微网供电可靠性、微网线路保护以及微网主电源直流侧储能设备的控制方法展开了研究,主要研究内容如下：
第一章介绍分布式发电和微网的发展背景以及现状,对微网控制、微网对配电网保护的影响、微网线路保护和微网主电源直流侧储能设备进行概述,对本文主要工作和章节安排进行说明。
第二章在主电源输出电压控制环节中引入高通滤波环节和带通滤波环节相结合的“虚拟阻抗”,有利于微网主电源对输出功率的解耦控制,接着介绍主电源下垂控制环节相关参数的选取依据,通过在下垂控制环节增设有功前馈来配置微网有功小扰动模型的特征根阻尼系数,进而可有效抑制主电源输出功率在扰动过程中的波动,然后介绍微网主电源并网同期方法,最后通过仿真验证控制环节设计的有效性。
第三章首先介绍提高微网供电可靠性的必要性,根据主电源下垂控制环节输出的电压角速度和幅值以及主电源运行状态进行判断是否注入补偿功率的方法来提高微网供电可靠性,接着介绍恒功率电源的控制方法,并且进行小扰动分析,最后通过仿真验证方法的有效性。
第四章首先介绍微网主电源的电流内环限流方法,可有效限制主电源输出电流,接着介绍微网保护的难点,并且采用一种基于通信的微网分区保护方案,微网分区保护方案适合微网运行方式灵活多变的特点,最后通过仿真验证微网分区保护方案的可行性。
第五章首先比较几种较常用的小型电力储能设备,采用基于铅酸蓄电池组和超级电容器组的混合储能系统作为微网主电源直流侧的储能设备,接着介绍一种简单的混合储能系统的主从控制方法,超级电容器组可优先响应主电源直流侧输出电流的变化,避免铅酸蓄电池组的频繁充放电,最后通过仿真验证混合储能系统的主从控制方法的有效性。
第六章对全文工作进行总结,概括本文主要研究成果,并陈述下一步有待开展的研究工作。
As an effective supplement to the traditional centralized power generation, the distributed generation helps to promote the usage of the clean energy and renewable energy into the electricity production, alone with improving local reliability of electricity power supply.
Microgrid is capable to coordinate and synthesize the operation of different types of distributed generation, Microgrid can be adopted as a feasible management method to ensure the coordinated interaction between the power grid and the distributed generations. But the effective operation coordination management methods between Microgrid and the distributed grid, the effective operation coordination and integration of the distributed generations within Microgrid, the methods to enhance the power supply reliability within Microgrid, Microgrid fault protection methods, the reasonable configuration and control of the power storage units of Microgrid's master power source are urgent to be researched and solved.
This thesis focuses on the effective operation coordination of the distributed generations within Microgrid, the methods to enhance the power supply reliability within Microgrid, Microgrid fault protection methods and the reasonable configuration and control of the power storage units of the master power sources within Microgrid.
First to introduce the control design of the three-phase-four-leg interfacing inverter of the master power sources, and to adopt a method to enhance the power supply reliability within Microgrid by equipping with PQ power source to Microgrid, then to propose a software method to limit the output current of the master power source and a Microgrid partitioned fault protection method, finally to propose a master-and-slave control method to suitably manage the hybrid power storage units of the master power sources within Microgrid, the more detailed chief research work of this thesis is as followed by:
1) The chapter I firstly introduces the developing background and state quo of the the distributed generation, Microgrid and control structure, then Microgrid's impacts on the fault protection of the distributed grid, the fault protection methods within Microgrid and the usage of the power storage units are briefly reviewed, at last the focus of this thesis' research work and the arrangement of the chapters are introduced.
2) The chapter Ⅱ firstly introduces the three-phase-four-leg voltage control method based on four-orthogonal-space matrix transformation and adds a virtual impedance, consisting of high pass filter and band pass filter, to the mater power source's output voltage control loop in order to decoupling the control of the master power source's output power. Then the selection of the relevant coefficients of the droop control block is introduced and the real power forward feed is adopted to the droop control block in order to set the dampening coefficients of the roots of Microgrid's real power small-signal-disturb model. Finally the synchronization method of the master power source is introduced and the time simulation is built to confirm the feasibility of the above control design.
3) The chapter III firstly introduces the necessity of the reliability enhancement of Microgrid's power supply and adopts the injection of compensation power by PQ power source to Microgrid to enhance Microgrid power supply reliability. The control method of PQ power source is introduced and the small-signal-disturb stability is analyzed. Finally the time simulation is built to confirm the feasibility of the proposed method to enhance Microgrid power supply reliability.
4) The chapter IV firstly adopts a software current limitting method to the master power source in order to ensure the stable running of the master power source under the condition of Microgrid's line fault without causing an over-current phenomenon to the inverter's switching legs. Then the difficulty of Microgrid line fault protection is briefly analyzed and a Microgrid partitioned line fault protection method based on the communication network is adopted to satisfy the flexible operation mode of Microgrid. Finally the time simulation is built to confirm the feasibility of the proposed Microgrid partitioned line fault protection method.
5) The chapter V firstly compares the characteristics of several common small-scale power storage units. Then the hybrid power storage system is adopted as the DC side power storage units of the master power source and the master-and-slave control method is proposed to control the hybrid power storage system which selects the banks of super-capacitors as the master storage unit and the banks of lead-acid batteries as the slave storage unit, in order to avoid the frequent charge and discharge of the banks of lead-acid batteries. Finally the time simulation is built to confirm the feasibility of the proposed master-and-slave control method.
6) The chapter VI summarizes this thesis's research achievements and point out the future research focus.
微网是一种可有效协调管理多种形式的分布式电源的发电技术,有助于实现分布式电源与配电网之间的协调运行。微网与配电网之间的协调运行、微网内部电源的协调控制、提高微网供电可靠性、微网线路保护、合理配置微网主电源直流侧的储能设备和微网能量优化管理等都是亟待研究的问题。本文针对微网主电源的协调控制、提高微网供电可靠性、微网线路保护以及微网主电源直流侧储能设备的控制方法展开了研究,主要研究内容如下：
第一章介绍分布式发电和微网的发展背景以及现状,对微网控制、微网对配电网保护的影响、微网线路保护和微网主电源直流侧储能设备进行概述,对本文主要工作和章节安排进行说明。
第二章在主电源输出电压控制环节中引入高通滤波环节和带通滤波环节相结合的“虚拟阻抗”,有利于微网主电源对输出功率的解耦控制,接着介绍主电源下垂控制环节相关参数的选取依据,通过在下垂控制环节增设有功前馈来配置微网有功小扰动模型的特征根阻尼系数,进而可有效抑制主电源输出功率在扰动过程中的波动,然后介绍微网主电源并网同期方法,最后通过仿真验证控制环节设计的有效性。
第三章首先介绍提高微网供电可靠性的必要性,根据主电源下垂控制环节输出的电压角速度和幅值以及主电源运行状态进行判断是否注入补偿功率的方法来提高微网供电可靠性,接着介绍恒功率电源的控制方法,并且进行小扰动分析,最后通过仿真验证方法的有效性。
第四章首先介绍微网主电源的电流内环限流方法,可有效限制主电源输出电流,接着介绍微网保护的难点,并且采用一种基于通信的微网分区保护方案,微网分区保护方案适合微网运行方式灵活多变的特点,最后通过仿真验证微网分区保护方案的可行性。
第五章首先比较几种较常用的小型电力储能设备,采用基于铅酸蓄电池组和超级电容器组的混合储能系统作为微网主电源直流侧的储能设备,接着介绍一种简单的混合储能系统的主从控制方法,超级电容器组可优先响应主电源直流侧输出电流的变化,避免铅酸蓄电池组的频繁充放电,最后通过仿真验证混合储能系统的主从控制方法的有效性。
第六章对全文工作进行总结,概括本文主要研究成果,并陈述下一步有待开展的研究工作。
As an effective supplement to the traditional centralized power generation, the distributed generation helps to promote the usage of the clean energy and renewable energy into the electricity production, alone with improving local reliability of electricity power supply.
Microgrid is capable to coordinate and synthesize the operation of different types of distributed generation, Microgrid can be adopted as a feasible management method to ensure the coordinated interaction between the power grid and the distributed generations. But the effective operation coordination management methods between Microgrid and the distributed grid, the effective operation coordination and integration of the distributed generations within Microgrid, the methods to enhance the power supply reliability within Microgrid, Microgrid fault protection methods, the reasonable configuration and control of the power storage units of Microgrid's master power source are urgent to be researched and solved.
This thesis focuses on the effective operation coordination of the distributed generations within Microgrid, the methods to enhance the power supply reliability within Microgrid, Microgrid fault protection methods and the reasonable configuration and control of the power storage units of the master power sources within Microgrid.
First to introduce the control design of the three-phase-four-leg interfacing inverter of the master power sources, and to adopt a method to enhance the power supply reliability within Microgrid by equipping with PQ power source to Microgrid, then to propose a software method to limit the output current of the master power source and a Microgrid partitioned fault protection method, finally to propose a master-and-slave control method to suitably manage the hybrid power storage units of the master power sources within Microgrid, the more detailed chief research work of this thesis is as followed by:
1) The chapter I firstly introduces the developing background and state quo of the the distributed generation, Microgrid and control structure, then Microgrid's impacts on the fault protection of the distributed grid, the fault protection methods within Microgrid and the usage of the power storage units are briefly reviewed, at last the focus of this thesis' research work and the arrangement of the chapters are introduced.
2) The chapter Ⅱ firstly introduces the three-phase-four-leg voltage control method based on four-orthogonal-space matrix transformation and adds a virtual impedance, consisting of high pass filter and band pass filter, to the mater power source's output voltage control loop in order to decoupling the control of the master power source's output power. Then the selection of the relevant coefficients of the droop control block is introduced and the real power forward feed is adopted to the droop control block in order to set the dampening coefficients of the roots of Microgrid's real power small-signal-disturb model. Finally the synchronization method of the master power source is introduced and the time simulation is built to confirm the feasibility of the above control design.
3) The chapter III firstly introduces the necessity of the reliability enhancement of Microgrid's power supply and adopts the injection of compensation power by PQ power source to Microgrid to enhance Microgrid power supply reliability. The control method of PQ power source is introduced and the small-signal-disturb stability is analyzed. Finally the time simulation is built to confirm the feasibility of the proposed method to enhance Microgrid power supply reliability.
4) The chapter IV firstly adopts a software current limitting method to the master power source in order to ensure the stable running of the master power source under the condition of Microgrid's line fault without causing an over-current phenomenon to the inverter's switching legs. Then the difficulty of Microgrid line fault protection is briefly analyzed and a Microgrid partitioned line fault protection method based on the communication network is adopted to satisfy the flexible operation mode of Microgrid. Finally the time simulation is built to confirm the feasibility of the proposed Microgrid partitioned line fault protection method.
5) The chapter V firstly compares the characteristics of several common small-scale power storage units. Then the hybrid power storage system is adopted as the DC side power storage units of the master power source and the master-and-slave control method is proposed to control the hybrid power storage system which selects the banks of super-capacitors as the master storage unit and the banks of lead-acid batteries as the slave storage unit, in order to avoid the frequent charge and discharge of the banks of lead-acid batteries. Finally the time simulation is built to confirm the feasibility of the proposed master-and-slave control method.
6) The chapter VI summarizes this thesis's research achievements and point out the future research focus.
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