李清照词英译研究
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摘要
词，一种特殊的文学形式`在中国文学史上占有非常重要的地位。人
们常将唐诗宋词相提并论，它们写下了中国古代文学史上最辉煌的篇章。
从某种意义上说，宋词比唐诗更美丽，因为它所表达的思想感情比唐诗更
深刻，更细致，更微妙。可以说，宋词以其独特的艺术魅力，在文学史上
打开了一面新的门户，与唐诗相映成辉，经久不衰，成为中国古代文化遗
产的重要组成部分，其翻译之必要性显而易见。然而，诗词之不可译沦在
国内外翻译界早已有之。本文通过对文学史上最杰山的女词人──李清照词
不同要译文的比较，对词是否可译以及如何译进行了初步的探讨。
要研究词的性以及如何译的问题，首先要了解词的形成和发展及
其特点。这不仅是必要的，也是有益的。因此本文首先对词进行了全面的
概述，论述了词在文学史上的地位，词的发展史以及词的形式、韵律、内
容和语言等特点。
其次，为了更好地理解和把握李清照词的艺术特色，本文概述了李清
照的生平和成就，时李清照各时期的词作进行讨论，分析其词作的主题和
语言特点，深入探讨了李词的艺术美。
枯讨论词该如何译时，本文提倡诗体化译法，并采用许渊冲的“三类”
翻译理论，以李清照的词为例，从意美、音美、形美三方面探讨词类的再
现，认为在保征传达词意类的前提下，应兼顾音美和形美。笔者认为为传
达意美姜，应尽量使译词精确、镇密、俏美，侧重表达深层内容的意味而不
拘泥于表层形式；以押韵、重复、节奏表达原词的音美；以工整、对仗使
译文句子的长短与原词句子的长短相若来表达原词的形美。认为在传达这
“三类”时，意美应放在首要位置，音美次之，开美最后。
在对李清照词的翻译中，由于理解成表达的原因，造成同一首词的不
同翻译。通过对不同译文以及译文与原文进行比较与评析，笔者尽力阐述
自己的观点，或同意三方，或赞成一方，或提出自己不同的看法。
Ci, a special form of literature, occupies a most important position in the
history of classical Chinese literature. Song ci is often mentioned in the same
breath with Tang shi, and these two together add a most illustrious chapter to
the annals of classical Chinese literature. In a way, Song ci may be said to be
more beautiful, for it can express more refined, more delicate, more subtle
feelings than can Tang shi. It thus opens a new field for Chinese lyrics and
becomes a most important part of Chinese cultural heritage. With its unique
artistic charm, it makes a brilliant contrast with Tang shi and enjoys an ever-
lasting popularity. Consequently, the necessity of translating it is self-evident.
However, the untranslatability of poem has been long proposed in translation
circles home and abroad. On the basis of different translations of ci poems by
Li Qingzhao梩he greatest woman poet in literary history, this thesis makes a
preliminary discussion on whether ci is translatable and how to translate it.
To discuss the problem whether ci is translatable and how to translate it,
we should first get to know the formation and development as well as the
characteristics of ci. This knowledge is as beneficial as necessary. Therefore
this thesis first makes a comprehensive introduction to ci, including the
position of ci in literary history, the development of ci, and the characteristics
of ci in form, rhyme, content and language.
Secondly, in order to better understand and grasp the artistic features of Li
Qingzhao ci, the thesis describes the poetess?life and achievement. Through
discussing Li抯 ci poems of various periods, the thesis approaches the artistic
beauty of ci by Li Qingzhao from different respects including its theme and
language.
Upon discussion on how to translate ci, versified translation is advocated.
Besides, the thesis adopts Mr. Xu Yuanchong translation theory of three-
aspected beauty and approaches the representation of ci from the respects of
ii
Abstract
beauty in sense, in sound and in form. According to the author, beauty in
sound and in form should be reproduced on the premise of reproducing the
original beauty in sense. In order to reproduce the original beauty in sense, the
translation of words should be accurate, elaborate and beautiful, the stress put
on conveying the significance in the depth of the content instead of in the
superficial form. The beauty in sound should be reproduced by means of
rhyme, repetition and rhythm; the beauty in form be reproduced by means of
symmetry so as to make the length of sentences in the translation nearly even
with that in the original. Beauty in sense should always be given priority,
beauty in sound comes next and that in form last.
In the translation of the ci by Li Qingzhao, differences arise owing to
different understanding and representation. By comparing different
translations and the translations with the original, the author tries to state her
own viewo approve all parties, to support one party, or to put forward her
own opinion.
们常将唐诗宋词相提并论，它们写下了中国古代文学史上最辉煌的篇章。
从某种意义上说，宋词比唐诗更美丽，因为它所表达的思想感情比唐诗更
深刻，更细致，更微妙。可以说，宋词以其独特的艺术魅力，在文学史上
打开了一面新的门户，与唐诗相映成辉，经久不衰，成为中国古代文化遗
产的重要组成部分，其翻译之必要性显而易见。然而，诗词之不可译沦在
国内外翻译界早已有之。本文通过对文学史上最杰山的女词人──李清照词
不同要译文的比较，对词是否可译以及如何译进行了初步的探讨。
要研究词的性以及如何译的问题，首先要了解词的形成和发展及
其特点。这不仅是必要的，也是有益的。因此本文首先对词进行了全面的
概述，论述了词在文学史上的地位，词的发展史以及词的形式、韵律、内
容和语言等特点。
其次，为了更好地理解和把握李清照词的艺术特色，本文概述了李清
照的生平和成就，时李清照各时期的词作进行讨论，分析其词作的主题和
语言特点，深入探讨了李词的艺术美。
枯讨论词该如何译时，本文提倡诗体化译法，并采用许渊冲的“三类”
翻译理论，以李清照的词为例，从意美、音美、形美三方面探讨词类的再
现，认为在保征传达词意类的前提下，应兼顾音美和形美。笔者认为为传
达意美姜，应尽量使译词精确、镇密、俏美，侧重表达深层内容的意味而不
拘泥于表层形式；以押韵、重复、节奏表达原词的音美；以工整、对仗使
译文句子的长短与原词句子的长短相若来表达原词的形美。认为在传达这
“三类”时，意美应放在首要位置，音美次之，开美最后。
在对李清照词的翻译中，由于理解成表达的原因，造成同一首词的不
同翻译。通过对不同译文以及译文与原文进行比较与评析，笔者尽力阐述
自己的观点，或同意三方，或赞成一方，或提出自己不同的看法。
Ci, a special form of literature, occupies a most important position in the
history of classical Chinese literature. Song ci is often mentioned in the same
breath with Tang shi, and these two together add a most illustrious chapter to
the annals of classical Chinese literature. In a way, Song ci may be said to be
more beautiful, for it can express more refined, more delicate, more subtle
feelings than can Tang shi. It thus opens a new field for Chinese lyrics and
becomes a most important part of Chinese cultural heritage. With its unique
artistic charm, it makes a brilliant contrast with Tang shi and enjoys an ever-
lasting popularity. Consequently, the necessity of translating it is self-evident.
However, the untranslatability of poem has been long proposed in translation
circles home and abroad. On the basis of different translations of ci poems by
Li Qingzhao梩he greatest woman poet in literary history, this thesis makes a
preliminary discussion on whether ci is translatable and how to translate it.
To discuss the problem whether ci is translatable and how to translate it,
we should first get to know the formation and development as well as the
characteristics of ci. This knowledge is as beneficial as necessary. Therefore
this thesis first makes a comprehensive introduction to ci, including the
position of ci in literary history, the development of ci, and the characteristics
of ci in form, rhyme, content and language.
Secondly, in order to better understand and grasp the artistic features of Li
Qingzhao ci, the thesis describes the poetess?life and achievement. Through
discussing Li抯 ci poems of various periods, the thesis approaches the artistic
beauty of ci by Li Qingzhao from different respects including its theme and
language.
Upon discussion on how to translate ci, versified translation is advocated.
Besides, the thesis adopts Mr. Xu Yuanchong translation theory of three-
aspected beauty and approaches the representation of ci from the respects of
ii
Abstract
beauty in sense, in sound and in form. According to the author, beauty in
sound and in form should be reproduced on the premise of reproducing the
original beauty in sense. In order to reproduce the original beauty in sense, the
translation of words should be accurate, elaborate and beautiful, the stress put
on conveying the significance in the depth of the content instead of in the
superficial form. The beauty in sound should be reproduced by means of
rhyme, repetition and rhythm; the beauty in form be reproduced by means of
symmetry so as to make the length of sentences in the translation nearly even
with that in the original. Beauty in sense should always be given priority,
beauty in sound comes next and that in form last.
In the translation of the ci by Li Qingzhao, differences arise owing to
different understanding and representation. By comparing different
translations and the translations with the original, the author tries to state her
own viewo approve all parties, to support one party, or to put forward her
own opinion.
引文
1． Bing, Xin. Li Qingzhao Poems. Renditions, No. 32, Autumn 1989．
2． Chang, Kang-I Sun. The Evolution of Chinese Tz'u Poetry--from Late Tang to Northern Sung. Princeton University Press, 1980．
3． Chu, Dagao. 101 Chinese Lyrics. New World Press, 1987．
4． Frankel, Hans H. The Flowering Plum and the Palace Lady--Interpretations of Chinese Poetry. Yale University Press, 1976．
5． Gong, Jing-hao. Modern Rendition of Selected Old Chinese Ci-Poems. The Commercial Press, 1999．
6． Hamill, Sam. Midnight Flute--Chinese Poems of Love and Longing. Shambhala Publications, Inc., 1994．
7． Hightower, James R. & Yeh, Florence Chia-ying. Studies in Chinese Poetry. Harvard University Press, 1998．
8． Hu, Pin-Ching. (1) Li Ch 'ing-chao. Twayne Publishers, 1966． (2) Random Talks on Classical Chinese Poetry. Join Sun Publishing Co., Ltd., 1990．
9． Huang, Hongquan. The Anthology of Song-Dynasty Ci-Poetry. People's Liberation Army Publishing House, 1988．
10． Landau, Julie. Beyond Spring: Tz'u Poems of the Sung Dynasty. Columbia University Press, 1994．
11． Liu, Genglu. Chinese Classical Poetry. Shandong Friendship Press, 1998．
12． Liu, Wu-chi & Lo, Irving Y. Sunflower Splendor. Indiana University Press, 1975．
13． Lu, Shu-Xiang & Xu, Yuan-chong. Gems of Classical Chinese Poetry in Various English Translations. Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co., Ltd., 1988．
14． Miao, Yueh. The Chinese Lyric. Renditions, 1979．
15． Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. Pergamon Press, 1981．
16． Nida, Eugene A. Language, Culture, and Translation. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993．
17． Nida, Eugene A. & Taber, Charles R. The Theory and Practice of Translation. E.J.Brill, Leiden, 1969．
18． Owen, Stephen. Meaning the Words: The Genuine as a Value in the Tradition of the Song Lyric. From Voices of the Song Lyric in China, edited by Pauline Yu. University of California Press, 1994．
19． Rexroth, Kenneth & Chung, Ling. Li Ch 'ing-chao: Complete Poems. New Directions, 1979．
20． Too, Chee Cheong. 99 Tang & Sung Poems in English. Herald Printers Sdn. Bhd. 1993．
21． Turner, John. (1) Translating Chinese Poetry. Renditions, Autumn 1975． (2) A Golden Treasury of Chinese Poetry. The Chinese University Press, 1976．
22． Wang, Jiaosheng. Lyrics and Arias. From The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Victor H. Mair. Columbia University Press, 1994．
23． Watson, Burton. Introduction to Sung Poetry. Harvard University Press, 1967．
24． Weng, Xianliang. An English Translation of Chinese Ancient Poems. Beijing Publishing House, 1985．
25． Wu, Juntao. An English Version of Du Fu's Poems. Shanxi People's Publishing House, 1985．
26． Wu, Shichang. The "Ci" Poetry in the Song Dynasty. Chinese Literature, February 1980．
27． Xu, Yuan-zhong. (1) 150 Tang Poems. Shanxi People's Publishing House, 1984． (2) Golden Treasury of Chinese Lyrics. Peking University Press, 1990． (3) 100 Tang and Song Ci-Poems. China Translation and Publishing Corporation, 1991． (4) Song of the Immortals. New World Press, 1994． (5) 300 Song Lyrics. Hunan Publishing House, 1996．
28． Xu, Zhong-jie. 100 Chinese Ci Poems in English Verse. Beijing Language and Culture University Press, 1986．
29. Yang, Minru. Li Qingzhao, a Poetess of the Song Dynasty. Chinese Literature, April 1981, Chinese Literature Press.
30. Zhang, Dexin. A Survey of Classical Chinese Literature. Beijing Language and Culture University Press,1995.
31．陈祖美选注：《李清照诗词选》，山东大学出版社，1999年。
32．刘瑜选析：《李清照词赏析》，广西教育出版社，1990年。
33．刘重德：《译诗问题初探》，载于《外国语》1989年第5期。
34．陆志韦：《中国诗五讲》，外语教学与研究出版社，1982年。
35．罗新璋编：《翻译论集》，商务印书馆，1984年。
36．平慧善选译：《李清照诗文词选译》，巴蜀书社，1988年。
37．孙崇恩，傅淑芳主编：《李清照研究论文集》，齐鲁书社，1991年。
38．唐圭璋，潘君昭，曹济平：《唐宋词选注》，北京出版社，1982年。
39．许渊冲：(1)《翻译的艺术》，中国对外翻译出版公司，1984年。(2)《中诗英韵探胜》，北京大学出版社，1992年。
40．杨合林编注：《李清照集》，岳麓书社，1999年。
41．姚晶华，韩传达选注：《中国古代十大词人精品全集—姜夔、李清照》，大连出版社，1998年。
42．张景：《译诗小议》，载于《外国语》1990年第6期。
43．偬仕编：《宋词选》，中国文学出版社，1999年。
2． Chang, Kang-I Sun. The Evolution of Chinese Tz'u Poetry--from Late Tang to Northern Sung. Princeton University Press, 1980．
3． Chu, Dagao. 101 Chinese Lyrics. New World Press, 1987．
4． Frankel, Hans H. The Flowering Plum and the Palace Lady--Interpretations of Chinese Poetry. Yale University Press, 1976．
5． Gong, Jing-hao. Modern Rendition of Selected Old Chinese Ci-Poems. The Commercial Press, 1999．
6． Hamill, Sam. Midnight Flute--Chinese Poems of Love and Longing. Shambhala Publications, Inc., 1994．
7． Hightower, James R. & Yeh, Florence Chia-ying. Studies in Chinese Poetry. Harvard University Press, 1998．
8． Hu, Pin-Ching. (1) Li Ch 'ing-chao. Twayne Publishers, 1966． (2) Random Talks on Classical Chinese Poetry. Join Sun Publishing Co., Ltd., 1990．
9． Huang, Hongquan. The Anthology of Song-Dynasty Ci-Poetry. People's Liberation Army Publishing House, 1988．
10． Landau, Julie. Beyond Spring: Tz'u Poems of the Sung Dynasty. Columbia University Press, 1994．
11． Liu, Genglu. Chinese Classical Poetry. Shandong Friendship Press, 1998．
12． Liu, Wu-chi & Lo, Irving Y. Sunflower Splendor. Indiana University Press, 1975．
13． Lu, Shu-Xiang & Xu, Yuan-chong. Gems of Classical Chinese Poetry in Various English Translations. Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co., Ltd., 1988．
14． Miao, Yueh. The Chinese Lyric. Renditions, 1979．
15． Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. Pergamon Press, 1981．
16． Nida, Eugene A. Language, Culture, and Translation. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993．
17． Nida, Eugene A. & Taber, Charles R. The Theory and Practice of Translation. E.J.Brill, Leiden, 1969．
18． Owen, Stephen. Meaning the Words: The Genuine as a Value in the Tradition of the Song Lyric. From Voices of the Song Lyric in China, edited by Pauline Yu. University of California Press, 1994．
19． Rexroth, Kenneth & Chung, Ling. Li Ch 'ing-chao: Complete Poems. New Directions, 1979．
20． Too, Chee Cheong. 99 Tang & Sung Poems in English. Herald Printers Sdn. Bhd. 1993．
21． Turner, John. (1) Translating Chinese Poetry. Renditions, Autumn 1975． (2) A Golden Treasury of Chinese Poetry. The Chinese University Press, 1976．
22． Wang, Jiaosheng. Lyrics and Arias. From The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Victor H. Mair. Columbia University Press, 1994．
23． Watson, Burton. Introduction to Sung Poetry. Harvard University Press, 1967．
24． Weng, Xianliang. An English Translation of Chinese Ancient Poems. Beijing Publishing House, 1985．
25． Wu, Juntao. An English Version of Du Fu's Poems. Shanxi People's Publishing House, 1985．
26． Wu, Shichang. The "Ci" Poetry in the Song Dynasty. Chinese Literature, February 1980．
27． Xu, Yuan-zhong. (1) 150 Tang Poems. Shanxi People's Publishing House, 1984． (2) Golden Treasury of Chinese Lyrics. Peking University Press, 1990． (3) 100 Tang and Song Ci-Poems. China Translation and Publishing Corporation, 1991． (4) Song of the Immortals. New World Press, 1994． (5) 300 Song Lyrics. Hunan Publishing House, 1996．
28． Xu, Zhong-jie. 100 Chinese Ci Poems in English Verse. Beijing Language and Culture University Press, 1986．
29. Yang, Minru. Li Qingzhao, a Poetess of the Song Dynasty. Chinese Literature, April 1981, Chinese Literature Press.
30. Zhang, Dexin. A Survey of Classical Chinese Literature. Beijing Language and Culture University Press,1995.
31．陈祖美选注：《李清照诗词选》，山东大学出版社，1999年。
32．刘瑜选析：《李清照词赏析》，广西教育出版社，1990年。
33．刘重德：《译诗问题初探》，载于《外国语》1989年第5期。
34．陆志韦：《中国诗五讲》，外语教学与研究出版社，1982年。
35．罗新璋编：《翻译论集》，商务印书馆，1984年。
36．平慧善选译：《李清照诗文词选译》，巴蜀书社，1988年。
37．孙崇恩，傅淑芳主编：《李清照研究论文集》，齐鲁书社，1991年。
38．唐圭璋，潘君昭，曹济平：《唐宋词选注》，北京出版社，1982年。
39．许渊冲：(1)《翻译的艺术》，中国对外翻译出版公司，1984年。(2)《中诗英韵探胜》，北京大学出版社，1992年。
40．杨合林编注：《李清照集》，岳麓书社，1999年。
41．姚晶华，韩传达选注：《中国古代十大词人精品全集—姜夔、李清照》，大连出版社，1998年。
42．张景：《译诗小议》，载于《外国语》1990年第6期。
43．偬仕编：《宋词选》，中国文学出版社，1999年。
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