产业内垂直分工研究
|
摘要
本文基于中外学者产业内垂直分工的研究成果,对国际分工方式的演变过程、产业内垂直分工的概念、特点和存在基础进行了分析研究,并基于产业组织的视角,构建了完全竞争市场下同质性产品产业内垂直分工模型,和不完全竞争市场下差异化产品产业内垂直分工模型。结合模型分析的结论,本文对产业内垂直分工下的全球产业发展、中国经济发展、中国区域经济发展进行了进一步的研究,并提出了相关的政策建议。
本文的主要结论是:产业内垂直分工下,如果技术密集型工序的技术是可替代技术,产业内垂直分工能够实现产品和要素市场出清的均衡水平;如果技术密集型工序的技术是不可替代技术,从事劳动密集型工序国家的产品和要素市场难以实现出清,产业内垂直分工难以实现均衡。如果技术密集型工序的技术是不可替代技术,劳动密集型工序国家依靠对外技术引进,并不能提高本国的不可替代技术存量,难以实现由劳动密集型工序向技术密集型工序转换和延伸,长期内,产业发展必然受阻,整个国民经济的发展将陷入困境。而只有技术研发,才是摆脱这种困境的主要途径。所以,一国的劳动密集型工序发展到一定程度以后,必须以技术研发为中心对产业进行技术升级,只有实现了由劳动密集型工序向技术密集型工序延伸或转换,经济才能够持续、快速、健康发展。
改革开放30年,中国出现了劳动密集型工序过度发展,技术密集型工序不足,产业内垂直分工比重大幅度上升,产业技术结构失衡的现象。要解决中国的结构失衡,实现经济的持续、快速、健康发展,必须加大技术研发的投入力度,对产业进行技术升级,由劳动密集型工序向技术密集型工序延伸或转换。
This paper analyzes the history of international division of labor,and the concept, characteristic and basis of intra-industrial vertical specialization based on China and foreign scholars research findings.At the same time,this paper also creates perfect competitive market homogenous product intra-industrial vertical specialization model and imperfect competitive market heterogeneity product intra-industrial vertical specialization model based on industry organization.Then this paper further studies global industry development, China industry development,and China regional industry development based on the model conclusion.
The following is this paper main conclusion:Under intra-industrial vertical specialization,if the technology of skill-intensive manufacturing stage is non-substitute,the intra-industrial vertical specialization is non-equilibrium in product and factor market;if the technology of skill- intensive manufacturing stage is substitute,the intra-industrial vertical specialization is equilibrium in product and factor market.If the technology of skill-intensive manufacturing stage is non-substitute,the country of labor-intensive manufacturing stage can't improve itself non-substitute technology,in order to extend and transform from labor-intensive manufacturing stage to skill-intensive manufacturing stage through technology of introduction.In long time,the country economic and industrial development will not be successful unless technology research and development.Therefore, when a country labor-intensive manufacturing stage develop at an extent,the country need to invest in technology research and development,in order to development and extend and transform from labor-intensive manufacturing stage to skill-intensive manufacturing stage through technology of introduction.
After China reforming and opening to the outside world,it is about 30 years.During this time,China labor-intensive manufacturing stage is superfluous and skill-intensive manufacturing stage is lacking,which is China main industrial structure problem.In order to resolve China industrial structure problem and sustainable economy growth,China needs to invest in technology research and development in order to realize industry technology update.
本文的主要结论是:产业内垂直分工下,如果技术密集型工序的技术是可替代技术,产业内垂直分工能够实现产品和要素市场出清的均衡水平;如果技术密集型工序的技术是不可替代技术,从事劳动密集型工序国家的产品和要素市场难以实现出清,产业内垂直分工难以实现均衡。如果技术密集型工序的技术是不可替代技术,劳动密集型工序国家依靠对外技术引进,并不能提高本国的不可替代技术存量,难以实现由劳动密集型工序向技术密集型工序转换和延伸,长期内,产业发展必然受阻,整个国民经济的发展将陷入困境。而只有技术研发,才是摆脱这种困境的主要途径。所以,一国的劳动密集型工序发展到一定程度以后,必须以技术研发为中心对产业进行技术升级,只有实现了由劳动密集型工序向技术密集型工序延伸或转换,经济才能够持续、快速、健康发展。
改革开放30年,中国出现了劳动密集型工序过度发展,技术密集型工序不足,产业内垂直分工比重大幅度上升,产业技术结构失衡的现象。要解决中国的结构失衡,实现经济的持续、快速、健康发展,必须加大技术研发的投入力度,对产业进行技术升级,由劳动密集型工序向技术密集型工序延伸或转换。
This paper analyzes the history of international division of labor,and the concept, characteristic and basis of intra-industrial vertical specialization based on China and foreign scholars research findings.At the same time,this paper also creates perfect competitive market homogenous product intra-industrial vertical specialization model and imperfect competitive market heterogeneity product intra-industrial vertical specialization model based on industry organization.Then this paper further studies global industry development, China industry development,and China regional industry development based on the model conclusion.
The following is this paper main conclusion:Under intra-industrial vertical specialization,if the technology of skill-intensive manufacturing stage is non-substitute,the intra-industrial vertical specialization is non-equilibrium in product and factor market;if the technology of skill- intensive manufacturing stage is substitute,the intra-industrial vertical specialization is equilibrium in product and factor market.If the technology of skill-intensive manufacturing stage is non-substitute,the country of labor-intensive manufacturing stage can't improve itself non-substitute technology,in order to extend and transform from labor-intensive manufacturing stage to skill-intensive manufacturing stage through technology of introduction.In long time,the country economic and industrial development will not be successful unless technology research and development.Therefore, when a country labor-intensive manufacturing stage develop at an extent,the country need to invest in technology research and development,in order to development and extend and transform from labor-intensive manufacturing stage to skill-intensive manufacturing stage through technology of introduction.
After China reforming and opening to the outside world,it is about 30 years.During this time,China labor-intensive manufacturing stage is superfluous and skill-intensive manufacturing stage is lacking,which is China main industrial structure problem.In order to resolve China industrial structure problem and sustainable economy growth,China needs to invest in technology research and development in order to realize industry technology update.
引文
[1]芭芭拉·斯托林斯,威尔逊·佩雷斯著,江时学等译.经济增长、就业与公正——拉美国家改革开放的影响及其经验教训[M].中国社会科学文献出版社.2002年9月第1版.
[2]北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组.中国出口中的垂直专门化与中美贸易[J].世界经济.2006(5):3-11.
[3]贝蒂尔·俄林.地区间贸易和国际贸易[M].首都经济贸易大学出版社.2001年9月第1版.
[4]陈迅、李维、王珍.我国产业内贸易影响因素实证分析[J].世界经济研究.2004(6):48-54.
[5]陈迅、李维.产业内贸易的计量[J].财贸研究.2004(3):41-47.
[6]陈雯.东盟自由贸易区区内贸易的产业内贸易研究[J].世界经济研究.2003(1):37-41.
[7]陈永福、魏荣.世界蔬菜贸易竞争力与产业内贸易分析[J].中国农村经济.2005(4):59-72.
[8]陈勇、唐朱昌.中国工业的技术选择与技术进步:1985-2003[J].经济研究2006(9):50-61.
[9]陈勇、李小平.中国工业行业的技术进步与工业经济转型-对工业行业技术进步的DEA法衡量及转型特征分析[J].管理世界.2007(6):56-63.
[10]陈芝芸等著.拉丁美洲对外经济关系[M].社会科学文献出版社2007年4月第1版.
[11]陈卫平、侯晓霞、王长春.中国加工视频产业内贸易的发展现状与决定因素分析[J].管理世界.2004(9):108-116.
[12]陈李莉.中日两国产业内贸易及其影响因素分析[J].亚太经济.2006(5):72-75.
[13]程华、陈贤平.国外政府资助R&D投入经费和模式演变[J].科技进步与对策.2007(1):149-151.
[14]大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].商务印书馆.1972年.
[15]邓利方、余甫功.广东全要素生产率的测算与分析:1980-2004[J].广东社会科学.2006(5):39-44.
[16]杜莉.中国与美国高技术产品产业内贸易的实证研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2006(8):90-97.
[17]樊福卓、黄敏.中国产业内贸易指数及其发展[J].改革.2006(5):39-46.
[18]范爱军、李丽丽.中国与韩国产业内贸易的实证研究-以资本和技术密集型产品贸易为例[J].世界经济研究.2006(8):44-50.
[19]傅钧文、李梁.从中日电机电器产业内贸易看两国分工的趋势[J].世界经济研究.2003(4):57-62.
[20]弗里德里希·李斯特.政治经济学的自然体系[M].商务印书馆.1997年.
[21]高越、高峰.产品内贸易与外商直接投资的关系-理论模型与基于中国数据的经验分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2006(8):98-105.
[22]高敬峰.中日贸易中的比较优势特性分析[J].世界经济研究.2004(1):50-53.
[23]郭克莎.工业化新时期新兴主导产业的选择[J].中国工业经济.2003(2):5-14.
[24]郭克莎.结构失衡的影响与宏观调控的去向[J].经济学动态.2004(6):11-14.
[25]郭克莎.加入WTO对中国工业的综合性影响[J].经济研究.2002(11):36-44.
[26]郭克莎.入世两年来我国工业发展走势与今后的战略选择[J].经济纵横.2004(2):2-6.
[27]郭克莎、王文龙.我国高技术产业的科技需求分析[J].经济纵横.2004(8):18-22.
[28]郭克莎.中国汽车产业发展的市场与经济技术条件分析[J].管理世界.2001(2):102-111.
[29]何锦义、刘晓静、刘数梅.当前技术进步贡献率测算中的几个问题[J].统计研究.2006(5):29-35.
[30]何元庆.中国对外开放与TFP增长:基于中国省际面板数据的经验研究[J].经济学(季刊).2007(7):1127-1142.
[31]胡国恒 不完全契约条件下贸易、投资与国际生产组织[J].财经研究.2004(7):137-144.
[32]胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
[33]胡春力.发展我国装备工业的战略、重点与对策[J].宏观经济研究.2002(12):13-16.
[34]胡春力.提高我国自主创新能力的思路与对策[J].中国经贸导刊.2006(7):25-27.
[35]胡春力.我国产业结构的调整和升级[J].管理世界.1999(5):84-92.
[36]胡春力.促进产业结构升级是加强环境保护的根本[J].宏观经济研.1999(2):35-39.
[37]胡春力.当代中国产业结构调整与经济持续增长的关系[J].教学与研究.1998(3):14-20.
[38]胡春力.发展我国装备工业必须解决的几个问题[J].湖北经济学院学报.2008(1):5-8.
[39]胡春力.关于我国工业结构调整与增长的几个问题[J].管理世界.1996(4):103-110.
[40]胡春力.技术创新与经济体制[J].科技管理研究.1987(3):19-22.
[4l]胡春力.经济增长的动力——中国产业结构调整的重点及对策[J].国际贸易.1998(2):20-23.
[42]胡春力.论企业技术创新的经济环境[J].科学·经济·社会.5卷5期:295-298.
[43]胡春力.提高我国自主创新能力的产业重点与主要对策[J].宏观经济研究.2006(11):3-10.
[44]胡春力.我国资源开发型经济的形成与对策[J].战略与管理.2003(2):108-116.
[45]胡春力.需求结构偏斜与通货膨胀[J].管理世界.1995(1):94-103.
[46]胡春力.正确把握结构调整的目标和任务[J].中国劳动科学.1997(10):4-7.
[47]胡春力.中国基础产业发展战略[J].中国对外贸易.1997(1):6-7.
[48]胡小娟、陈晓红.我国中间产品贸易探析[J].国际经贸探索.2006(9):75-78.
[49]胡昭玲.国际垂直专业化分工与贸易:研究综述[J].南开经济研究,2006(5):12-26
[50]胡昭玲.产业内贸易与垂直专业化贸易比较及启示[J].国际经贸探索.2007(6):8-12.
[5l]胡昭玲.国际垂直专业化对发展中国家的影响与启示[J].经济经纬.2006(5):35-38.
[52]胡昭玲.国际垂直专业化对中国工业竞争力的影响分析[J].工业经济.2007(6):35-42.
[53]胡昭玲.国际垂直专业化与贸易理论的相关拓展[J].经济评论.2007(2):135-139.
[54]胡鞍钢.当前我国经济与社会发展形势分析和若干建议[J].改革.2002(5):5-14.
[55]黄晶 垂直专业化下的技术创新研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理2008(9):75-80.
[56]黄晶.技术、生产要素、关税与垂直专业化[J].财会月刊.2008(9):28-31.
[57]黄晶.垂直专业化理论的基本内涵研究[J].工业技术经济.2008(6):111-116.
[58]黄晶.垂直专业化下珠三角创新型城市群建设[J].经济问题探索.2008(10):46-51.
[59]黄建康.全球化中的中国机电产业国际竞争力培育路径[J].国际经贸探索.79-84.
[60]黄先海,韦畅.中国制造业出口垂直专业化程度的测量与分析[J].管理世界.2007(4):158-159.
[61]蒋殿春、黄静.外商直接投资与我国产业内技术二元结构-基于DEA方法的证据[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2007(7):44-53.
[62]金雪军、欧朝敏、李杨.全要素生产率、技术引进与R&D投入[J].科学学研究.2006(10):702-705.
[63]卡齐米耶日·Z·波兹南斯基著,佟宪国译.全球化的负面影响——东欧国家的民族资本被剥夺[M].经济管理出版社.2004年5月第1版.
[64]蓝庆新.中国贸易结构变化与经济增长转型的实证分析及现状研究[J].经济评论.2001(6):29-32.
[65]李准晔.中国各区域对外贸易的决定因素分析[J].经济研究.2005(8):116-127.
[66]李准晔、金洪起.中韩贸易结构分析[J].中国工业经济.2002(2):47-54.
[67]李胜文、李大胜.我国全要素生产率增长的区域差异[J].数量经济技术经济研究.20060):12-21.
[68]李小平.自主R&D、技术引进和生产率增长-对中国分行业大中型工业企业的实证研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2007(7):15-24.
[69]李俊.产业内贸易及其在广东的实践[J].学术研究.2003(9):60-63.
[70]李俊.产业内贸易及其在我国的时间[J].国际经贸探索.2003(2):10-12.
[71]李辉文、石燕.产业内贸易与比较优势-对产业内贸易根源的重新重视[J].经济评论.20060):102-111.
[72]李明德,江时学.现代化:拉美和东亚的发展模式[M].社会科学文献出版社2000年4月第1版.
[73]林琳.促进中韩双边贸易发展的对策研究[J].亚太经济.2004(6):38-40.
[74]林琳.中国制成品进出口产业内贸易的实证研究[J].世界经济研究.2005(2):39-43.
[75]林琳、张皓.中韩两国双边贸易的特点及其相关因素分析[J].理论学刊.2004(8):60-62.
[76]林金忠.中国经济增长可持续性问题研究方法的改进-基于马尔奎斯指数的全要素生产力分析[J].厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2006(2):83-89.
[77]刘志彪,刘晓昶.垂直专业化:经济全球化中的贸易和生产模式[J].经济理论与经济管 理,2001(10):5-10.
[78]刘志彪,吴福象.贸易一体化与生产非一体化——基于经济全球化两个重要假说的实证研究[J].中国社会科学.2006(2):80-92.
[79]刘昌黎.日本对外投资的新衰退及其展望[J].现代日本.2003(2):16-21.
[80]刘凤朝、潘雄锋.基于Malmquist指数法的我国科技创新效率评价[J].科学学研究.2007(10):986-990.
[81]刘海英、赵英才、张纯洪.人力资本“均化”与中国经济增长质量关系研究[J].管理世界.2004(11):15-21.
[82]刘志迎、也蓁.中国高技术产业各行业技术效率的实证分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2006(9):22-26.
[83]刘凯敏、朱钟棣.我国对外直接投资与技术进步关系的实证研究[J].亚太经济.2007(1):98-101.
[84]柳剑平、孙云华.垂直专业化分工与中国对东亚经济体的贸易逆差-兼及中国对美国贸易顺差的比较分析[J].世界经济研究.2006(7):16-23.
[85]柳剑平、孙云华.我国企业对东亚直接投资的国别(地区)选择-基于产品内分工实态的研究[J].国际贸易.2006(11):22-26.
[86]梁琦、王洪亮、黄瑞玲.中美、中日双边贸易收支的影响因素及其比较研究[J].管理世界.2005(5):46-54.
[87]卢锋.产品内分工[J].经济学(季刊).2004(10):55-82.
[88]卢锋.我国承接国际服务外包问题研究[J].经济研究.2007(9):49-61.
[89]卢锋.当代服务外包的经济学观察:产品内分工的分析视角[J].世界经济.2007(8):22-35.
[90]罗余才.我国农产品贸易中的产业内贸易[J].农村经济.2002(9):10-12.
[91]美洲开放银行著,江时学等译.拉美改革的得与失[M].社会科学文献出版.1999年6月第1版.
[92]潘文卿、马晓慧.中日、中美贸易的变动:产业间还是产业内[J].统计研究.2005(7):31-36.
[93]彭国华.我国地区经济的长期收敛性.一个新方法的应用[J].管理世界.2006(9):53-58.
[94]彭国华.我国地区全要素生产率与人力资本构成[J].中国工业经济.2007(2):52-59.
[95]彭国华.双边国际贸易引力模型中的地区生产率的经验研究[J].经济研究.2007(8):123-132.
[96]彭国华.中国地区经济增长及差距的来源[J].世界经济.2005(9):42-50.
[97]彭国华.中国地区收入差距、全要素生产率及其收敛分析[J].经济研究.2005(9):19-29.
[98]平新桥.产业内贸易理论与中美贸易关系[J].国际经济评论.2005(9-10):12-14.
[99]强永昌.产业内贸易论——国际贸易最新理论[M].复旦大学出版社.2002年9月第一版.
[100]任志祥、宋玉华.中外产业内贸易与经济周期协动性的关系研究[J].统计研究.2004(5):17-20.徐康宁、王剑.要素禀赋、地理因素与新国际分工[J].中国社会科学.2006(6):65-77.
[101]邵云飞、成红、银路.R&D经费投入的国际比较与借鉴[J].技术管理研究.2002(3):82-86.
[102]沈能、刘凤朝、赵建强.中国地区工业技术效率差异及其变动趋势分析-基于Malmquist生产率指数[J].科研管理.2007(7):16-22.
[103]盛文军、廖晓燕.垂直专业化贸易、公司内贸易与产业内贸易:兼论中国企业的竞争战略选择[J].世界经济.2002(2):58-63.
[104]史智宇、易行健、唐建伟.东亚产业内贸易的发展趋势[J].世界经济.2003(12):40-44.
[105]史智宇.东亚产业内贸易发展趋势的实证研究-对发展我国与东亚产业内贸易的政策思考[J].财经研究.75-80.
[106]史智宇.产业内贸易研究:中国与东盟国家[J].世界经济文汇.2003(4):37-43.
[107]宋全成.加工贸易带动的提升-我国产业内贸易实证分析[J].国际贸易.2003(12):10-13.
[108]宋玉华、刘春香.我国农业产业内贸易的实证研究[J].中国农村经济.2004(2):30-37.
[109]舒元、才国伟.我国省际技术进步及其空间扩散分析[J].经济研究.2007(6):106-118.
[110]隋广军.产业演进及其微观基础研究[M].经济科学出版社.2007年3月第一版.
[111]汤海燕、史智宇、周甫军.影响中国与东盟产业内贸易发展因素解析[J].当代财经.2003(12):89-91.
[112]田文.产品内贸易的定义、计量及比较分析[J].财贸经济.2005(5):77-79.
[113]田文,刘厚俊.产品内分工下西方贸易理论的新发展[J].经济学动态,2006(5):69-74.
[114]田素华.外商直接投资对中国技术进步效应的结构分析[J].世界经济研究.2007(3):63-69.
[115]佟家栋、刘钧霆.中国与日韩制造业贸易调整成本的经验研究-基于边际产业内贸易分析[J].南开经济研究.2006(3):3-12.
[116]涂正革.全要素生产率与区域工业的和谐快速发展-基于1995～2004年28个省市大中型工业的非参数生产前沿分析[J].财经研究.2007(12):90-102.
[117]W.W.罗斯托.贺立平译.从起飞进入持续增长的经济学(修订本)[M].四川人民出版社.1998年4月第1版第1次印刷.
[118]王志刚、龚六堂、陈玉宇.地区生产效率与全要素生产率增长率分解[J].中国社会科学.2006(2):55-66.
[119]王兵、颜鹏飞.技术效率、技术进步与东亚经济增长[J].经济研究.2007(5):91-103.
[120]王兵、颜鹏飞.中国的生产率与效率:1952～2000-基于时间序列的DEA分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2006(8):22-30.
[121]王中昭.产业内贸易与中国工业化进程的动因分析[J].统计研究.2004(5):21-25.
[122]王春丽.产业内贸易理论视角下的中国-东盟双边贸易[J].亚太经济.2006(5):17-20.
[123]王鹏.东亚产业分工形态实证研究-基于产业内贸易的视角[J].亚太经济.2006(4):16-18.
[124]王恬.对我国电子类产品产业内贸易的分析-中日、中美、中韩的国别比较[J].世界经济研究.2006(6):72-75.
[125]王洪庆.外商直接投资对我国产业内贸易的影响[J].上海交通大学学报.2006(4):598-601.
[126]王云飞.我国与主要贸易伙伴产业内贸易的相关性分析[J].世界经济研究.2005(10):47-55.
[127]王娟.中国-东盟产业内贸易趋势、动因与对策[J].世界经济研究.2005(7):60-65.
[128]吴福象.经济全球化中制造业垂直分离的研究[J].财经科学.2005(3):113-120.
[129]许统生.产业内贸易类型、利益与经济增长[J].当代财经.2006(7):79-83.
[130]徐家杰.中国全要素生产率估计:1978-2006[J].亚太经济.2007(6):65-68.
[131]徐康宁、韩剑.中国和新加坡产业内贸易的实证研究[J].国际经贸探索.2005(7):21-25.
[132]亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上、下卷)[M].商务印书馆.1981年.
[133]颜鹏飞、王兵.技术效率、技术进步与生产率增长:基于DEA的实证分析[J].经济研究.2004(12):55-65.
[134]杨立英、金碧辉、孙涛涛.经济增长对科研经费投入贡献力的国际比较[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2006(12):5-10.
[135]殷德生、唐海燕.人力资本效应、产业内贸易与经济增长[J].世界经济.2006(6):61-70.
[136]于李娜.产业内贸易理论对我国的适用性分析[J].国际经贸探索.2001(5):2-4.
[137]于立新、杨婧.投资带动产业内贸易增长-中日经贸发展对东北亚区域经济合作的影响[J].国际贸易.2006(6):31-34.
[138]苑涛.西方产业内贸易理论研究述评[J].经济评论.2003(1):91-94.
[139]喻春桥.国际贸易理论的验证述评[J].国际经贸探索.2002(6):5-10.
[140]俞灵燕.结构规制产业政策对产业内贸易的影响[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2001(10):117-120.
[141]赵伟、马征.垂直专业化贸易:理论模型与基于中国数据的实证[J].技术经济.2006(8):110-114.
[142]赵文丁.新型国际分工格局下中国制造业的比较优势[J].中国工业经济.2003(8):32-37.
[143]赵伟、古广东、何元庆.外向FDI与中国技术进步:机理分析与尝试性实证[J].管理世界.2006(7):53-60.
[144]赵乃斌,朱晓中.东欧经济大转轨[M].中国经济出版社1995年5月第1版.
[145]张宇、蒋殿春.FDI、产业集聚与产业技术进步-基于中国制造业行业数据的实证检验[J].财经研究. 2008(1):72-82.
[146]张宇.FDI与中国全要素生产率的变动-基于DEA协整分析的实证检验[J].世界经济研究.2007(5):14-19.
[147]张纪.产品内国际分工的收益分配——基于笔记本电脑商品链的分析[J].中国工业经济.2006(7):36-44.
[148]张捷.东亚国际分工体系的演变与中国的政策选择[J].当代亚太.2005(8):5-12.
[149]张捷、刘凤翔.价值链整合与价值模块整合[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版).2006(5):43-48.
[150]张捷.日本制造业组织结构与国际分工模式的变化[J].日本学刊.2007(2):58-69.
[151]张小蒂,孙景蔚.基于垂直专业化分工的中国产业国际竞争力分析[J].世界经济.2006(5):12-21.
[152]张昱、李玉霞.中国对欧盟商品贸易研究-对双边产业内贸易水平的实证分析[J].当代财经.2006(9):95-98.
[153]郑京海、胡鞍钢.中国改革时期省际生产率增长变化的实证分析(1979-2001年)[J].经济学(季刊).2005(1):263-296.
[154]曾铮、王鹏.产品内分工理论与价值链理论的渗透与耦合[J].财贸经济.2007(3):121-125.
[155]曾铮、张亚斌.价值链的经济学分析及其政策借鉴[J].中国工业经济.2005(5):104-111.
[156]曾铮、吴小环.我国出口商品结构高度化与贸易条件恶化[J].财经科学.2005(4):162-168.
[157]曾国平、刘海霞.论产业内贸易的动因及其与跨国公司的互动[J].财贸研究.2003(3):17-19.
[158]中国人民大学政治经济学教研室,北京市财政贸易干部学校资料研究室,北京对外贸易学院对外贸易教研组等单位集体合编.马克思,恩格斯,列宁,斯大林有关财政贸易的理论[C].科学出版社.1962年6月第一版.
[159]周叔莲、王延中.加入WTO之后提高中国工业国际竞争力的对策[J].中国工业经济.2001(8):12-18.
[160]周叔莲、王伟光.科技创新与产业结构优化升级[J].管理世界.2001(5):70-78.
[161]周延、杜运苏.入世前后中国制成品产业内贸易发展的对比分析[J].世界经济研究.2006(2):54-58.
[162]周叔莲、王伟光.我国高技术行业出口能力影响因素分析[J].宏观经济研究.2003(8):9-13.
[163]周叔莲.新条件下的中国工业化[J].理论前沿.2005(16):5-9.
[164]朱晓中.“欧洲协定”与东西欧经济关系[J].欧洲.1997(5):35-44.
[165]A.Erdilek.Multinationals As Mutual Invaders:Intra-industry Direct Foreign Investment[M].Routledge.January 1985.
[166]Abiru Masahiro,Babu Nahata,Subhashis Raychaudhuri,and Michael Waterson.Equilibrium Structure in Vertical Oligopoly[J].Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization.1998,Vol.37:463-480.
[167]Alan V.Deardorff.Fragmentation in simple trade models[J].North American Journal of Economics and Finance.12,2001:121-137.
[168]Allan V.Deardorff.The Possibility of Factor-Price Equalization Revisited[J]Journal of International Economics.February 1994.Vol.36,No.1-2:167-175.
[169]Alan V.Deardorff.Weak Links in the Chain of Comparative Advantage[J]Journal of International Economics.May 1979.Vol.9,No.2:197-209.
[170]Alan V.Deardorff.Factor Prices and the Factor Content of Trade Revisited:What's the Use?[J].Journal of International Economics.February 2000.Vol.50,No.1:73-90.
[171]Alexander J.Yeats.Just How Big is Global Production Sharing?[J].Policy Research Working Paper.The World Bank Development Research Group January 1998.1871.
[172]Anderson James.A.A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation[J].American Economic Review.March 1979.Vol.69,No.1:106-116.
[173]Andrew B.Bernard,J.Bradford Jensen.Exporters,Skill Upgrading,and the Wage Gap[J].Journal of International Economics,February 1997.Vol.42,No.1-2:3-32.
[174]Andrew B.Bernard,Jonathan Eaton,J.Bradford Jensen,Samuel Kortum.Plants and Productivity in International Trade[J].The American Economic Review,Vol.93,No.4.Nov.,2003:1268-1290.
[175]Antweiler Werner,Daniel Trefler.Increasing Returns and All That:A View from Trade[J].American Economic Review.March 2002.Vol.92,No.1:93-119.
[176]Anthony J.Venables.Trade and Trade Policy with Imperfect Competition:the Case of Identical Products and Free Entry[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1985.Vol.19,No.1-2:1-19.
[177]Anthony J.Venables.Trade and Trade Policy with Differentiated Products:A Chamberlian- Ricardian Model[J].Economic Journal.September 1987.Vol.97,No.387:700-717.
[178]Aquino A.Intra-industry and Inter-industry Specialization as Concurrent Sources of International Trade in Manufactures[J].Review of World Economics.June 1978.Vol.114.No.2:275-296.
[179]Arndt W.Sven.Super-Specialization and the Gains from Trade[J].Contemporary Economic Policy.Vol.ⅩⅥ,October 1998:480-485.
[180]Arndt W.Sven,Henryk Kierzkowski.Fragmentation:New Production and Trade Patterns in the World Economy[M].Oxford University Press,Oxford.
[181]Arvind Panagariya.Variable Returns To Scale in Production and Patterns of Specialization[J].American Economic Review.March 1981.Vol.71,No.1:221-230.
[182]Avinash K.Dixlt,Joseph E.Stiglitz.Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity[J].The American Economic Review.Vol.67,No.3.(Jun.,1977):297-308.
[183]Avinash K.Dixit.Vertical Integration in a Monopolistically Competitive Industry[J],International Journal of Industrial Organization,1983.1:63-78.
[184]Avinash K.Dixit and Gene.M.Grossman.Trade and Protection with Multistage Production[J].P584.Review of Economic Study(1982) XLⅨ:583-594.
[185]Avinash K.Dixit,Victor Norman.Theory of International Trade[M].Combridge University Press.September 30,1980.
[186]Avinash K.Dixit,Victor Norman.Gains from Trade Without Lump Sum Compensation[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1986.Vol.21,No.1-2:111-122.
[187]Avinash K.Dixit,Albert.S.Kyle.The Use of Protection and Subsidies for Entry Promotion and Deterrence[J].American Economic Review.March 1985.Vol.75,No.1:139-152.
[188]Balassa,Bela.Trade liberalization among industrial countries[M].New York:McGraw.Hill.1967.
[189]Baier Scott and Jeffrey H.Bergstrand.The Growth of World Trade:Tariffs,Transport Costs,and Income Similarity[J].Journal of International Economics.February 2001.Vol.53,No.1:1-27.
[190]Barbara J.Spencer,Ronald W.Jones.Vertical Foreclosure and International Trade Policy[J].Review of Economic Studies(1991) 58:153-170.
[191]Barbara J.Spencer.International Outsourcing and Incomplete Contracts[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.Vol.38,No.4,November 2005:1107-1135.
[192]Bela Balassa.Trade Liberalization and 'Revealed' Comparative Advantage[J],The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies.1965.Vol.33:99-123.
[193]Bela Balassa.Intra-industry Specialization:A cross-country Analysis[J].European Economic Review.February 1986.Vol.30,No.1:27-42.
[194]Bela Balassa.The Determinants of Intra-industry Specialization in United States Trade[J]Oxford Economic Papers.July 1986.Vol.38,No.2:220-233.
[195]Ben-David,Dan,Trade Liberalization and Income Convergence[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.August 1993.Vol.108,No.3:653-679.
[196]Ben-David,Dan.Trade Liberalization and Income Convergence:A Comment[J].Journal of International Economics.October 2001.Vol.55,No.1:229-234.
[197]Bertil G.Ohlin.Interregional and International Trade,Harvard University Press,Cambridge.1952.
[198]Bruce A.Blonigen.In Search of Substitution Between Foreign Production and Exports[J].Journal of International Economics.February 2001.Vol.53,No.1:81-104.
[199]Christis G.Tombazos,XiaoKai Yang,DingSheng Zhang.A Neo-Heckscher-Ohlin Model of Trade with Endogenous Production Patterns[J].The Economic record.August 2005.Vol.81,No.1:71-81.
[200]Colin Lawerence,Pablo T.Spiller.Product Diversity,Economics of Scale and International Trader[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.February 1983.Vol.98,No.l:63-83.
[201]D.G.Ferguson.International Capital Mobility and Comparative Advantage:The Two-Country,Two-Factor Case[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1978.Vol.8,No.3:373-396.
[202]David Cox,Richard G.Harris.Trade Liberalization and Industrial Organization:Some Estimates for Canada[J].Journal of Political Economy.February 1985.Vol.93,No.l:115-145.
[203]David Greenaway.Identifying the Gains from Pure Intra-industry Exchange[J].Journal of Economic Studies.1982.Vol.9,No.3:40-54.
[204]David Greenaway.Intra-industry Trade,Intra-firm Trade and European Integration:Evidence,Gains and Policy Aspects[J].Journal of Common Market Studies.December 1987.Vol.26,No.2:153-172.
[205]David Greenaway.Current Issues in International Trade Theory and Policy[M].St.Martin's Press,New York.1985.
[206]David Greenaway,Chris Milner.Effective Protection and Intra-industry Trade:Some Positive and Normative Issues[J].Journal of Economic Studies.1987.Vol.14,No.5:38-53.
[207]David Greenaway,Tharakan,P.K.M.,Imperfect Competition and International Trade:the Policy Aspects of Intra-industry Trade[M].Wheatsheaf Books 1986.
[208]David G.Mayes.The Effects of Economic Integration on Trade[J].Journal of Common Market Studies.September 1978.Vol.17,No.1:1-25.
[209]David Hummels,James Levinsohn.Product Differentiation as a Source of Comparative Advantage?[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 1993.Vol.83,No.2:445-449.
[210]David Hummels,James Levinsohn.Monopolistic Competition and International Trade:Reconsidering the Evidence[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics.Vol.110,No.4,Aug.,1995:799-836.
[211]David Hummels,Peter J.Klenow.The Variety and Quality of a Nation's Exports[J].The American Economic Review.June 2005.Vol.95,No.3:704-723.
[212]David Hummels,Ishii Jun,Kei-Mu Yi.The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade[J].Journal of International Economics,2001,54:75-96.
[213]David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J].Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.
[214]David T.Coe,Elhanan Helpman.International R&D Spillovers[J].European Economic Review.May 1995.Vol.39,No.5:859-887.
[215]Edward Chamberlin.The Theory Of Monopolistic Competition:A Re-Orientation Of The Theory Of Value[M].Cambridge,Harvard University Press.1936.
[216]Elhanan Helpman.International Trade in the Presence of Product Differentiation,Economics of Scale And Monopolistic Competition[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1981.Vol.11,No.3:305-340.
[217]Elhanan Helpman.Imperfect Competition and International Trade:Evidence from Fourteen Industrial Countries[J].European Economic Review.March 1987.Vol.1,No.1:62-81.
[218]Elhanan Helpman.A Simple Theory of International Trade with Multinational Corporations[J].Journal of Political Economy.June 1984.Vol.92,No.3:451-471.
[219]Elhanan Helpman.Multinational Corporations and Trade Structure[J].Review of Economic Studies.July 1985.Vol.52,No.3:443-457.
[220]Elhanan Helpman,Paul Krugman.Market Structure and Foreign Trade.Combridge:MIT Press.1985.
[221]Eric W.Bond,Ronald W.Jones,and Ping Wang.Economic Takeoffs in a Dynamic Process of Globalization[J].Review of International Economics,13(1),2005:1-19.
[222]Falvey,R.E.Commercial Policy and Intra-industry Trade[J].Journal of International Economics,1981.Vol.11:495-511.
[223]Francis Ng,Alexander J.Yeats.Production Sharing in East Asia-Who Does What for Whom,and Why?[J].Policy Research Working Paper 2197.The World Bank Development Research Group October 1999:1-57.
[224]Francois R.Caves.Optimal Effective Protection in General Equilibrium[J].American Economic Review.September 1973.Vol.63,No.4:714-716.
[225]Frank Graham.Some Aspects of Protection Further Considered[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.1937.Vol.37:199-227.
[226]Frederic M.Scherer.Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance[M].Houghton Mifflin Company,3 Edition,April 1,1990
[227]Gary Gereffi.International Trade and Industrial Upgrading In the Apparel Commodity Chain[J].Journal of International Economics.48,1999:37-70.
[228]Gene M.Grossman,Elhanan Helpman.Outsourcing Versus FDI in Industry Equilibrium[J].Journal of the European Economic Association,April-May,2003.1(2-3):317-327.
[229]Gene M.Grossman,Elhanan Helpman.Integration Versus Outsourcing in Industry Equilibrium[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics.February 2002.Vol.117,No.1:85-119.
[230]Gene Grossman,Elhana Helpman.Comparative Advantage and Long-ran Growth[J].The American Economic Review.September 1990.Vol.80 No.4:796-815.
[231]Gene M.Grossman,Elhanan Helpman,Product Development and International Trade[J].Journal of Political Economy.December 1989.Vol.97,No.6:1261-1283.
[232]Gene M.Grossman,Elhanan Helpman.Outsourcing in a Global Economy[J].Review of Economics Studies.2005.Vol.72:135-159.
[233]Gordon H.Hanson,Raymond J.Mataloni,Jr.,Matthew J.Slaughter.Vertical Production Networks in Multinational Firms[J].The Review of Economics and Statistics.November 2005.87(4):664-678.
[234]Guillaume Gaulier,Francoise Lemoine,Deniz Unal-Kesenci.China's Integration in East Asia:Production Sharing,FDI & High-Tech Trade[J].CEPII,Working Paper No 2005-09.
[235]H.Glejser,K.Goossens,Vanden M.Eede.Inter-industry versus Intra-industry Specialization in Exports and Imports(1959-1970-1973)[J].Journal of International Economies.May 1982.Vol.2,No.3-4:363-369.
[236]Harold Hetelling.Stability in Competition[J].Economic Journal.March 1929.Vol.39,No.153:41-57.
[237]Harry Hum,Elhanan Helpman.Vertical Product Differentiation and North-South Trade[J].The American Economic Review.December 1987.Vol.77,No.5:810-822.
[238]Harry P.Bowen,Edward E.Leamer,Leo Sveikanskas.Multicountry,Multifactor Tests of the Factor Abundance Theory[J].American Economic Review.1987.Vol.77,No.5:791-809.
[239]Henryk Kierzkowski.Monopolistic Competition and International Trade[M].Oxford University Press.1984
[240]Henrik Horn.Some Implications of Non-homotheticity in Production in a Two-sector General Equilibrium Model with Monopolistic Competition[J].Journal of International Economics.February 1983.Vol.14,No.1-2:85-101.
[241]Herbert G.Grubel,P.J.Lloyd.Intra-indnstry Trade:The Theory and Measurement of International Trade in Differentiated Products[M].Macmillan,1975.
[242]Hogan Chen,Matthew Kondratowicz,Kei-Mu Yi.Vertical specialization and three facts about U.S. international trade[J].North American Journal of Economics and Finance.16,2005:35-59.
[243]Ignatius J.Horstman,James R.Markusen.Strategic Investment and Development of Multinationals[J].International Economic Review.February 1987.Vol.28,No.1:109-121.
[244]J.Campa,L.S.Goldberg.The Evolving External Orientation of Manufacturing Industries:Evidence from Four Countries[J].NBER Working Paper No.5919.February 1997.
[245]J.David Richardson.Empirical Research on Trade Liberalization with Imperfect Competition[J].OECD Economic Studies.November 1988.Vol.12,No.58:1-44.
[246]J.M.Finger.Trade Overlap and Intra-industry Trade[J].Economic Inquiry.December 1975.Vol.ⅩⅢ.:581-589.
[247]J.M.Finger.Trade Overlap and Intra-industry Trade:Reply[J].Economic Inquiry.July 1978.V61.ⅩⅥ:474-475.
[248]J.Peter Neary.Factor Mobility and International Trade[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.November 1995.Vol.28,No.1:4-23.
[249]Jacob Kol,Loet.B.M.Mennes.Intra-industry Specialization:Some Observations on Concepts and Measurement[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1986.Vol.21,No.1-2:173-181.
[250]Jagdish N.Bhagwati,Richard A.Brecher.National Welfare in an Open Economy in the Presence of Foreign-Owned Factors of Production[J].Journal of International Economics.February 1980.Vol.10,No.1:103-115.
[251]Jagdish N.Bhagwati.Immiserizing Growth:A Geometrical Note[J].Review of Economic Studies.June 1958.Vol.25:201-205.
[252]Jagdish N.Bhagwati.The Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem in the Multi-Commodity Case[J].Journal of Political Economy.September-October 1972.Vol.80,No.5:1052-1055.
[253]Jagdish N.Bhagwati,Richard A.Brecher,Elias Dinopoulos and T.N.Srinivasan.Quid Pro Quo Foreign Investment and Welfare:A Political-Economy-Theoretic Model,”Journal of Development Economics.October 1987.Vol.27,No.1-2:127-138.
[254]Jagdish N.Bhagwati,T.N.Srinivasan.Revenue Seeking:A Generalization of the Theory of Tariffs[J].Journal of Political Economy.December 1980.Vol.88,No.6:1069-1087.
[255]Jagdish N.Bhagwati,Vivek H.Dehejia.Freer Trade and Wages of the Unskilled-Is Marx Striking Again?[J].In Jagdish N.Bhagwati and Marvin Kosters,eds.,Trade and Wages:Leveling Wages Down?,Washington D.C.:American Enterprise Institute:36-75.
[256]Jaime Behar.Economic Integration and Intra-industry trade:The Case of the Argentine-Brazilian free Trade Agreement[J].Journal of Common Marker Studies.June 2008.Vol.29,No.5:527-552.
[257]James A.Brander,Barbara J.Spencer.Tariffs and The Extraction of Foreign Monopoly Rents Under Potential Entry[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.August 1981.Vol.14,No.3:371-389.
[258]James A.Brander.Intra-industry Trade in Identical Commodities[J].Journal of International Economics.February 1981.Vol.11,No.1:1-14.
[259]James A.Brander,Paul Krugman.A“Reciprocal Dumping”Model of International Trade[J].National Bureau of Economic Research 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge,Ma August 1983.
[260]James E.Rauch.Increasing Returns to Scale and the Pattern of Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.May 1989.Vol.26,No.3-4:359-369.
[261]James R.Markusen.Multinational Firms and the Theory of International Trade[M].The MIT Press.September 1,2004.
[262]James R.Markusen,James R.Melvin,Tariffs,Capital Mobility,and Foreign Ownership[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1979.Vol.9,No.3:395-409.
[263]James R.Markusen.Factor Movements and Commodity Trade as Complements[J].Journal of International Economics.May 1983.Vol.14,No.3-4:341-356.
[264]Jeffrey A.Frankel,David Romer.Does Trade Cause Growth?[J].The American Economic Review.June 1999.Vol.89,N0.3:379-399.
[265]Jeffrey D.Sachs,XiaokaiYang,Dengsheng Zhang.Pattern of Trade and Economic Development in the Model of Monopolistic Competition[J].CID Working Paper No.14 April 1999:1-29.
[266]Jeffrey H.Bergstrand.The Generalized Gravity Equation,Monopolistic Competition,and the Factor-Proportions Theory in International Trade[J].Review of Economics and Statistics.February.Vol.71,No.1:143-153.
[267]Jeffrey H.Bergstrand,The Gravity Equation in International Trade:Some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence[J].Review of Economics and Statistics.August 1989.Vol.67,No.3:474-481.
[268]Jaskold J.Gahszewicz,Avner Shaked,John Sutton,J.F.Thisse.International Trade in Differentiated Products[J].International Economic Review.October 1981.Vol22,No.3:527-534.
[269]John S.Chipman.International Trade with Capital Mobility:A Substitution Theorem[C]in Bhagwati,J.,Jones,R.W.,Mundell,R.A.andVanek,J.(eds),Trade,Balance of Payments and Growth,North-Holland,Amsterdam,201-37.
[270]Kalyan K.Sanyal.Vertical Specialization in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Stage of Production [J].Economica.50.February.1983:71-78.
[271]Kalyan K.Sanyal,Ronald W.Jones.The Theory of Trade in Middle Products[J].The American Economic Review.March 1982.Vol.72,No.1:16-31.
[272]Karsten Jeske,A Dynamic Model with Vertical Specialization,Credit Chains,and Incomplete Enforcement[J].Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Working Paper 2002-21 November 2002.
[273]Kei-Mu Yi,Can Vertical Specialization Explain the Growth of world Trade?[J].Journal of political Economy.2003.vol.111.no.1:52-102.
[274]Kelvin Lancaster.Variety,Equity and Efficiency:Product Variety in an Industrial Society[M].Columbia University Press.New York.1979..
[275]Kelvin Lancaster.Intra-industry Trade Under Perfect Monopolistic Competition[M].Journal of International Economics.May 1980.Vol.10,No.2:151-175.
[276]Kenneth Dyson,Stephen Wilks.Industrial Crisis:A Comparative Study of The State and Industry[M]Palgrave Macmillan.September 1983.
[277]Kiertisak Toh.A Cross-section Analysis of Intra-industry Trade in US Manufacturing Industries[J].Weltwirtschaftliches Archly.June 1982.Vol.118,No.2:281-301.
[278]Kiyoshi Kojima.The Pattern of International Trade Among Advanced Countries[J].Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics.June 1964.Vol.5,No1.:16-36.
[279]Kiyoshi Kojima.Internalization vs.Cooperation of MNC's Business[J].Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics.June 1992.Vol.33,No.1:1-17.
[280]Kyoji Fukao,Young Gak Kim,Hyeog Ug Kwon.Plant Turnover and TFP Dynamics in Japanese Manufacturing[C].CEI Working Paper Series,No.2006-17:1-49.
[281]Lee G.Branstetter,Robert C.Feenstra.Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in China:a Political Economy Approach[J].Journal of International Economics.58,2002:335-358.
[282]Leonard K.Cheng.Optimal Trade and Technology Policies:Dynamic Linkages[J].International Economic Review.October 1987.Vol.28,No.3:757-776.
[283]M.A.M.Smith.Intertemporal Ganins From Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.May 1979.Vol.9,No.2:239-248.
[284]Magnus Blomstrom,A.Kokko.Multinational Corporations and Spiliovers[J].Journal of Economic Surveys.1998.Vol.12,No.2:247-277.
[285]Magnus Blomstrom,F.Sjoholm.Technology Transfer and Spillovers:Does Local Participation with Multinationals Matter[J].European Economic Review.1999.Vol.43:915-923.
[286]Magnus Blomstrom,H.Persson.Foreign Investment and Spillover Efficiency in an Underdeveloped Economy:Evidence from Mexican Manufacturing Industry[J].World Development.1983.Vol.11,No.6:493-501.
[287]M.Ayhan Kose,Kei-Mu Yi.International Trade and Business Cycles:Is Vertical Specializati on the Missing Link?[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 2001.Vol.91,No.2:371-375.
[288]Mika Saito.Armington elasticities in intermediate inputs trade:a problem in using multilateral trade data[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.November 2004.Vol.37,No.4:1097-1117.
[289]Michaely,M.Concentration in International Trade[M].Amsterdam.North-Holland Publishing Co.1962.
[290]Miltiades Chacholiads.The Pure Theory of International Trade[M].Aldine Transaction,Edition:illustrated,revised.2006.
[291]Murray Kemp.The Gain from International Trade[J].American Economic Review.1962.Vol.72:803-819.
[292]Nigel Grimwade.International Trade:New Patterns of Trade,Production and Investment[M].Routledge.2000.
[293]P.B.W.Rayment.The Homogeneity of Manufacturing Industries with Respect to Factor Intensity:the Case of the U.K[J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics.August 1976.Vol.38,No.3:203-209.
[294]P.K.M.Tharakan.Intra-industry Trade Between The Industrial Countries and The Developing World[J].European Economic Review.1984.Vol.26,No.1-2:213-227.
[295]P.K.M.Tharakan.The Intra-industry Trade of Benelux with the Developing World[J].Weltwirtschaftliches Aechiv.March 1986.Vol.122,No.1:131-149.
[296]P.K.M.Tharakan,Jacob Kol.Intra-industry Trade:Theory,Evidence and Extensions[M].Palgrave Macmillan 1989/12.[1]P.B.W.Rayment.The Homogeneity of Manufacturing Industries with Respect to Factor Intensity:the Case of the U.K[J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics.August 1976.Vol.38,No.3:203-209.
[297]Paul R.Bergin,Robert C.Feenstra.Pricing to Market,Staggered Contracts,and Real Exchange Rate Persistence[J].Journal of International Economics.August 2001.Vol.54,No.2:333-359..
[298]Paul R.Bergin,Robert C.Feenstra.Staggered Price Setting and Endogenous Persistence[J].Journal of Monetary Economics.June 2000.Vol.45:657-680.
[299]Paul S.Armington.A Theory of Demand for Products Distinguished by Place of Production.March 1969.IMF Staff Papers,Vol.16:159-178.
[300]Paul Krugman,Anthony J.Vanables.Globalization and the Inequality of Nations[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics.Vol.110,No.4,Nov.,1995:857-880.
[301]Paul Krugman.Increasing Returns and Economic Geography[J].Journal of Political Economy.1991,Vol.99,No.3:483-499.
[302]Paul Krugman.Scale Economies,Product Differentiation,and the Pattern of Trade[J].The American Economic Review.December 1980,Vol.70,No.5:950-959.
[303]Paul Krugman.Intra-industry Specialization and Gains from Trade[J].Journal of Political Economy,1981.Vol.89:959-974.
[304]Paul Krugman.Increasing Returns,Monopolistic Competition and International Trade[J],Journal of International Economics,1979.vol.9:462-479.
[305]Paul Samuelson.The Transfer Problem and Transport Costs:The Terms of Trade When Impediments are Absent[J].Economic Journal.1952.Vol.62:278-304.
[306]Peter K.Schott.One Size Fits All?Heckscher-Ohlin Specialization in Global Production”,American Economic Review.June 2003.Vol.93,No.3:686-708.
[307]Pol Antras,Elhanan Helpman.Global Sourcing[J].Journal of Political Economy,2004,vol.112,no.3:552-580.
[308]Pol Antras.Firms,Contracts,and Trade Structure[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics.November 2003.Vol.118,No.4:1375-1418.
[309]Pol Antras.Incomplete Contracts and the Product Cycle[J].The American Economic Review.September 2005.Vol.95,No.4:1054-1073.
[310]Pol,Antr(?)s,Elhanan Helpman.Global sourcing[J],Journal of Political Economy,2004,Vol.112.No.3:552-580.
[311]R.C.O.Matthews.Reciprocal Demand and In Creasing Returns[J].Review of Economic Studies.1949-1950.Vol.17,No.2:149-158.
[312]Rajat Acharyya,Ronald W.Jones.Export Quality and Income Distribution in a Small Dependent Economy[J].International Review of Economics and Finance.10,2001:227-351.
[313]Raveendra N.Batra,Francisco.R.Casas.A Synthesis of the Heckscher-Ohlin and the Neoclassical Models of International Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.February.Vol.6,No.1:21-38.
[314]Richard.A.Brecher,Robert.C.Feenstra.International Trade and Capital Mobility Between Diversified Economies[J].Journal of International Economics.May 1983.Vol.14,No.3-4:321-339.
[315]Richard A.Brecher,Carlos Diaz-Alejandro.Tariffs,Foreign Capital and Immiserizing Growth[J].Journal of International Economics.November 1977.Vol.7,No.4:317-322.
[316]Richard E.Caves.Intra-industry trade and Market Structure in Industrial Countries[J].Oxford Economic Papers.July 1981.Vol.33,No.2:203-223.
[317]Richard Pomfret,R.On the Division of Labour and International Trade to Adam Smith's Explanation of Intra-industry Trade[J].Journal of Economic Studies.1986.Vol.13,No.4:56-63.
[318]Robert A.Mundell.International Trade and Factor Mobility[J].American Economic Review.1957.Vol.47:321-335.
[319]Robert.C.Feenstra,Gordon.H.Hanson.Productivity Measurement and the Impact of Trade and Technology on Wages:Estimates for the U.S.,1972-1990[J].P17-19.NBER Working Paper No.6052.June 1997.
[320]Robert.C.Feenstra,Gordon.H.Hanson.Global Sourcing,Outsourcing,and Wage Inequality[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 1996.Vol.86,No.2:240-245.
[321]Robert.C.Feenstra,Gordon.H.Hanson.Ownership and Control in Outsourcing to China:Estimating the Property- Rights Theory of the Firm[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics.May 2005:729-761.
[322]Robert.C.Feenstra,Gordon.H.Hanson.The Impact of Outsourcing and High-Technology Capital on Wages:Estimates for the United States:1979-1990[J]:The Quarterly Journal of Economics.August 1999:907-939.
[323]Robert C.Feenstra,James R.Markusen,Andrew K.Rose.Using the Gravity Equation to Differentiate Among Alternative Theories of Trade[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.May 2001.Vol.34,No.2:430-447.
[324]Robert C.Feenstra,James R.Markusen.Accouting for Growth with New Inputs[J].International Economic Review.Vol.32,No.2,May 1994:429-447.
[325]Robert.C.Feenstra.Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy[J].Journal of Economic Perspectives.Vol.12,No.4,Fall 1998:31-50.
[326]Robert C.Feenstra.Border Effects and the Gravity Equation:Consistent Methods for Estimation[J].Scottish Journal of Political Economy.Vol.49,No.5,November 2002:491-506.
[327]Robert C.Feenstra.On the Measurement of Product Variety in Trade[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 2004.Vol.94,No.2:145-149.
[328]Robert C.Feenstra.Trade and Uneven Growth[J].Journal of Development Economics.1996,Vol.49:229-256.
[329]Robert C.Feenstra.Advanced International Trade,Theory and Evidence[M],University of California,Davis,and National Bureau of Economic Research,August 2002.
[330]Robert Davids.Trade Overlap and Intra-industry Trade:Comment[J].Economic Inquiry.July 1978.Vol.ⅩⅥ:470-473.
[331]Robert E.Baldwin,R.S.Hilton.A Technique for Indicating Comparative Costs and Predicting Changes in Trade Ratios[J].Review of Economics and Statistics.February 1984.Vol.66,No.1:105-110.
[332]Robert E.Baldwin.The Case Against Infant-Industry Protection[J].Journal of Political Economy.1969,Vol.77:295-303.
[333]Robert E.Baldwin.Determinants of the Commodity Structure of U.S.Trade[J].American Economic Review.March 1971.Vol.61,No.1:126-146.
[334]Robert E.Baldwin,Glen G.Cain.Shifts in Relative U.S.Wages:The Role of Trade,Technology and Factor Endowments[J].Review of Economics and Statistics.November 2000.Vol.82,No.4:580-595.
[335]Robert J.Barro.Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of Countries[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.May 1991.Vol.106,No.2:407-443
[336]Rodney E.Falvey.Commercial Policy and Intra-industry Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.November 1981.Vol.11,No.4:495-511.
[337]Ronald Findlay,Ronald W.Jones.Input trade and the location of production[J].AEA Paper and Proceedings.May 2001.Vol.91 No.2.:29-33.
[338]Ronald W Jones.Trade Theory and Factor Intensities:An Interpretive Essay[J].Review of International Economics,2002.10(4):581-603.
[339]Ronald W.Jones.Variable Returns to Scale in General Equilibrium Theory[J].International Economic Review.October,1968.Vol.9,No.3:261-272.
[340]Ronald W.Jones,Sugata Marjit.A Simple Production Model With Stolper-Samuelson Properties[J].International Economic Review.Vol.26,No.3,October,1985:565-567.
[341]Ronald W.Jones,Sugata Marjit.The Role of International Fragmentation in the Development Process[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 2001.Vol.91,No.2:363-366.
[342]Ronald W.Jones,Sugata Marjit.Labor-Market Aspects of Enclave-Led Growth[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.November 1995:76-93.
[343]Ronald W Jones.Distortion in Factor Markets and the General Equilibrium Model of Production[J].Journal of Political Economy.Vol.79,No.3,May-June,1971:437-459.
[344]Ronald W.Jones.America's High-Tech Industries:Tyson's Policy Proposal[J].Journal of the Economics of Business.Vol.1,No.l,1994:151-157.
[345]Ronald W.Jones.Income Effects and Paradoxes in the Theory of International Trade[J].The Economic Journal.95,June 1985:330-344.
[346]Ronald W.Jones,Henryk Kierzkowski.International Fragmentation and the New Economic Geography[J].North American Journal of Economics and Finance.16,2005:1-10.
[347]Ronald W.Jones,Hamid Beladi,Sugata Marjit.The Three Faces of Factor Intensities[J].Journal of International Economics.48,1999:413-420.
[348]Ronald W.Jones.Protectionism,Export Requirements,and Joint Ventures[J].Review of Development Economics.1999,3(3):231-241.
[349]Ronald W.Jones,Barbara J.Spencer.Raw Material,Processing Activities,and Protectionism[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.August 1989.Vol.ⅩⅫ,No.3:469-486.
[350]Ronald W.Jones.Technical Progress,Price Adjustment,and Wages[J].Review of International Economics.2000,8(3):497-503.
[351]Ronald W.Jones,Jose A.Scheinkman.The Relevance of the Two-Sector Production Model in Trade Theory[J].Journal of Political Economy.1977.Vol.85,No.5:909-935.
[352]Ronald W.Jones.The Transfer Problem in a Three-Agent Setting[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.Februery 1984.Vol.ⅩⅦ,No.1:1-14.
[353]Ronald W.Jones,Roy J.Ruffin.Trade and Wages:a Deeper Investigation[J].Review of International Economics.2008,16(2):234-249.
[354]Ronald W.Jones,Stanley L.Engerman.Trade,Technology,and Wages:A Tale of Two Countries[J].AEA Papers and Proceeding.May 1996.Vol.86,No.2:35-40.
[355]Ronald Findlay,Ronald W.Jones.Input Trade and the Location of Production[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 2001,Vol.91,No.2:29-33.
[356]Roy J.Ruffin.The Missing Link:The Ricardian Approach to the Factor Endowments Theory of Trade [J].American Economic Review.September 1988.Vol.78,No.4:759-772.
[357]Roy J.Ruffin.Quasi-Specific Factors:Worker Comparative Advantage in the Two Sector Production Model[J].Journal of International Economics.April 2001.Vol.53,No.2:445-461.
[358]Rudiger Dornbusch,Stanley Fischer,Paul A.Samuelson.Comparative Advantage,Trade,and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods[J],American Economic Review,1977.67(5),December:823-839.
[359]Rudiger Dornbusch,Stanley Fischer,and Paul A.Samuelson.Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory with a Continuum of Goods[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.September 1980.Vol.95,No.2:203-224.
[360]Russell HiUberry,David Hummels.International Home Bias:Some Explanation[J].The Review of Economics and Statistics.November 2003.85(4):1089-1092.
[361]S.Lael Brainard.An Empirical Assessment of the Proximity-Concentration Trade-off between Multinational Sales and Trade[J].American Economic Review,September.September 1997.Vol.87,No.4:520-544.
[362]Sanford J.Grossman,Oliver D.Hart.The Costs and Benefits of Ownership:A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration[J].Journal of Political Economy.August 1986.Vol.94,No.4:691-719.
[363]Satya P.Das,Donnenfeld Shabtai.Oligopolistic Competition and International Trade:Quantity and Quality Restrictions[J].Journal of International Economics.November 1989.Vol.27,No.3-4:299-318.
[364]Stanffan B.Linder.An Essay On Trade and Transformation[M].Garland Pub,1983.
[365]Stanley L.Engerman,Ronald W.Jones.International Labor Flows and National Wages[J].Economic Development and International Trade.Vol.87,No.2:200-204.
[366]Stephen Hymer.The Efficiency(Contradiction) of Multinational Corporations[J].American Economic Review.May 1970.Vol.60,No.2:441-448.
[367]Teit Lvthje.Vertical Specialization Across Developed Countries[J].The International Trade Journal.Volume ⅪⅩ,No.3,Fall 2005:193-216.
[368]Teit Lvthje.Vertical Specialization Between Developed and Developing Countries:A Modification of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model[J].The International Trade Journal.Volume ⅩⅩ,No.4,Winter 2006:407-427.
[369]Victor.D.Norman.Assessing Trade and Welfare Effects of Trade Liberalization[J].European Economic Review.June 1990.Vol.34,No.4:725-745.
[370]Victor D.Norman,Anthony J.Venables.International Trade,Factor Mobility and Trade Costs[J].Economic Journal,November 1995.Vol.105,No.433:1488-1504.
[371]Wilfred J.Either.Some of the Theorems of International Trade with Many Good and Factors[J]Journal of International Economics.May 1974.Vol.4,No.2:199-206.
[372]Wilfred J.Ethier.Internationally Decreasing Costs and World Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.February 1979.Vol.9,No.1:1-24.
[373]Wilfred J.Either.National and International Returns to Scale In Modern Theory of International Trade [J].American Economic Review.June 1982.Vol.70,No.3:389-405.
[374]Wilfred J.Either,James g.Markusen.The Multinaltional Firm,Technology Diffusion and Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1996.Vol.41,No.1-2:1-28.
[375]Wilfred J.Either.Regionalism in a Multilateral World[J].Journal of Political Economy.December 1998.Vol.106,No.6:1214-1245.
[376]Young Sun Lee.Intra-industry Trade in the Pacific Basin[J].International Economic Journal.April 1987.Vol.1,No.1:75-90.
1 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
2 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
3 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
4 苏东水.产业经济学[C].P22-23.高等教育出版社.2000年2月第l版.
5 Lancaster,K.Variety,Equity and Efficiency,Basil Black-well.
6 Dixit,A.K and Stiglitz,J.E.Monopolistic competition and optimal product diversity[J].P297.American Economic Review.Jun.1977.Vol.67,No.3.:297-308.
7 强永昌.产业内贸易论——国际贸易最新理论[M].P22.复旦大学出版社.2002年9月第一版.
8 Falvey,R.E.Commercial policy and intra-industry trade[J].P496.Journal of International Economics,1981.Vol.11:495-511.
9 J.M.Finger.Trade overlap and intra-industry trade[J].P583 Economic Inquiry.Dec.1975.Vol.Ⅻ Ⅰ:581-589.
10 Avinash K.Dixit and Gene.M.Grossman.Trade and protection with multistage production[J].P584.Review of Economic Study.1982.XLIX:583-594.
11 强永昌.产业内贸易论——国际贸易最新理论[M].P25.复旦大学出版社.2002年9月第一版.
12 亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上卷)[M].P8.商务印书馆.1981年.
13 亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(下卷)[M].P29-30.商务印书馆.1981年.
14 亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上卷)[M].P30.商务印书馆.1981年.
15 大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].P112.商务印书馆.1972年.
16 大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].P113-114.商务印书馆.1972年.
17 大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理.[M]P115.商务印书馆.1972年.
18 大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].P119.商务印书馆.1972年.
19 大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].P267.商务印书馆.1972年.
20 弗里德里希·李斯特.政治经济学的自然体系[M].P33,商务印书馆.1997年。
21 中国人民大学政治经济学教研室,北京市财政贸易干部学校资料研究室,北京对外贸易学院对外贸易教研组等单位集体合编.马克思,恩格斯,列宁,斯大林有关财政贸易的理论[C].P496-497.科学出版社.1962年6月第一版.
22 中国人民大学政治经济学教研室,北京市财政贸易干部学校资料研究室,北京对外贸易学院对外贸易教研组等单位集体合编.马克思,恩格斯,列宁,斯大林有关财政贸易的理论[C].P497-498.科学出版社.1962年6月第一版.
23 中国人民大学政治经济学教研室,北京市财政贸易干部学校资料研究室,北京对外贸易学院对外贸易教研组等单位集体合编.马克思,恩格斯,列宁,斯大林有关财政贸易的理论[C].P502.科学出版社.1962年6月第一版.
24 贝蒂尔·俄林.地区间贸易和国际贸易[M].P6首都经济贸易大学出版社2001年9月第1版。
25 Avinash.K.Dixlt,Joseph E.Stiglitz.Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity[J].The American Economic Review.Jun.,1977.Vol.67,No.3:297-308.
26 Avinash.K.Dixlt,Joseph E.Stiglitz.Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity[J].P297.American Economic Review.Jun.,1977.Vol.67,No.3:297-308
27 强永昌.产业内贸易论——国际贸易最新理论[M].P91.复旦大学出版社.2002年9月第一版.
28 强永昌.产业内贸易论——国际贸易最新理论[M].P171-172.复旦大学出版社2002年9月第1版。
29 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
30 请参考:克鲁格曼(1995),菲斯塔和汉森(1996,1997),菲斯塔(1998),,蒂尔朵夫(1998),琼斯和科兹考斯基(1997),迪克西特和格罗斯曼(1982),安特(1997),巴拉萨(1967),凡德雷(Ronald Findlay1978),耶特(1998).
31 David Hummels,lshii Jun,Kei-Mu Yi.The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade[J].P78.Journal of International Economics,2001,54:75-96.
32 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.
33 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
34 卢锋.产品内分工[J].P61.经济学(季刊).2004(10):55-82.
35 田文.产品内贸易的定义、计量及比较分析[J].P77.财贸经济.2005(5):77-79.
36 胡昭玲.国际垂直专业化与贸易理论的相关拓展[J].P135.经济评论.2007(2):135-139.
37 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
38 田文.产品内贸易的定义、计量及比较分析[J].P77.财贸经济.2005(5):77-79.
39 卢锋.产品内分工[J].P61-2.经济学(季刊).2004(10):55-82.
40 田文.产品内贸易的定义、计量及比较分析[J].P77.财贸经济.2005(5):77-79.
41 卢锋.产品内分工[J].P61-2.经济学(季刊).2004(10):55-82.
42 参考休谟斯、君和易(2001),易(2003)的实证研究。
43 Oliver E.Williamson.The Vertical Integration of Production:Market Failure Considerations[J].American Economic Review.May 1971.Vol.61.No.2:112-123.
44 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
45 张纪.产品内国际分工的收益分配——基于笔记本电脑商品链的分析[J].P40-41.中国工业经济.2006(7):36-44.
46 Kalyan K.Sanyal.Vertical specialization in a Ricardian model with a continuum of stage of production[J].Economica.50.February.1983:71-78.
47 卢锋.产品内分工[J].P73.经济学(季刊).2004(10)
48 K.Jeske,A Dynamic Model with Vertical Specialization,Credit Chains,and Incomplete Enforcement[J]Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Working Paper 2002-21 November 2002.
49 80年代的两阶段和多阶段生产模型、2003年易的动态李嘉图垂直专业化模型等,都是以完全竞争和同质性产品为假设前提的。
50 R.Dornbusch,S.Fischer,P.A.Samuelson.Comparative advantage,trade,and payments in a Ricardian model with a continuum of goods[J].The American Economic Review,Vol.67,No.5,(Dec.1977),pp.823-839.
51 此处的劳动增长率并不是劳动的自然增长率。如果发现生产产品Y更加有利可图,其它产业的劳动会向产品Y进行转移,所以在短期内,劳动增长率也是一个变量,并不是完全固定的。
52 也可以设定一个z_1……z_n将产品Y的生产划分成n+1个生产阶段,其原理与两阶段生产模式一样。
53 关税和运输成本不是相对指标,是因为本节分析的产业内垂直分工是FH型的产业内垂直分工,即F国生产劳动密集型工序产品,然后出口给H国进行资本密集型工序的再加工。至于成本卖往F国是否有关税和运输成本,并不影响两国的产业内垂直分工水平。
54 卢锋.产品内分工[J].P71.经济学(季刊).2004(10)
55 按照马克思的思想,劳动可以分为简单劳动和复杂劳动,复杂劳动是简单劳动的加总。本国的劳动被分配到产品设计和组装,以及中间品制造两个领域,产品设计和组装的劳动相比中间品制造环节的劳动,是复杂劳动,所以,文中的、w~H和w~F都是简单劳动的价格,f_n是折算成简单劳动的劳动数量。由简单劳动转变成复杂劳动的唯一途径,就是人力资本投资。
56 p~i=w~i/(1-1/ε)=w~i/[1-(1-α)]=w~i/α。
57 S~H=A(p~H)~(1-t) -w~HA(p~H)~(-t)=[1-w~H α/w~H]A(w~H/α)~(1-t)=(1-α)A(w~H/α)~(1-t)。S~F=p~F A(ηp~F)~(-t)=w~FA(ηp~F)~(-t)=η~(-t)(1-α)A(w~F/α)~(1-t)
58 最终品生产商支付给中间品供应商的报酬分为两个部分,即利润S~1/2和可变成本、w~1y,经过简单计算可得出该式子。
59 推导过程见附录一。
60 推导过程见附录二。
61 推导过程见附录三。
62 假如m~H上升,H国的市场厚度增加,H国中间品供应商的利润水平上升,更多的中间品供应商会进入H国,F国的采购就会减少;m~H下降,最终品供应商会将采购的重点放到F国,F国的中间品供应商利润水平上升,导致m~F上升。
63 具体推导过程可以参考本章第二节中的推导过程。
64 Kei-Mu Yi,Can Vertical Specialization Explain the Growth of world Trade?[J].P54.Journal of political Economy.2003.vol.111.no.1:52-102.
65 Kei-Mu Yi,Can Vertical Specialization Explain the Growth of world Trade?[J].P60.Journal of political Economy.2003.vol.111.no.1:52-102.
66 隋广军.产业演进及其微观基础研究[M].P3.经济科学出版社.2007年3月第一版.
67 数据来源:科学技术部发展计划司科技统计报告第23期(总第414期).2007年12月8日.
68 数据来源:科学技术部发展计划司科技统计报告第23期(总第414期).2007年12月8日.
69 数据来源:科学技术部发展计划司科技统计报告第23期(总第414期).2007年12月8日.
70 参见联合国欧洲经济委员会.20世纪90年代期间的欧洲经济委员会地区内的技术活动[R].2001年欧 洲经济概览,纽约2002年联合国版.
71 卡齐米耶日·Z·波兹南斯基著,佟宪国译.全球化的负面影响——东欧国家的民族资本被剥夺[M].P55.经济管理出版社.2004年5月第1版.
72 刘昌黎.日本对外投资的新衰退及其展望[J].P16.现代日本.2003(2):16-21.
73 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
74 卡齐米耶日·Z·波兹南斯基著,佟宪国译.全球化的负面影响——东欧国家的民族资本被剥夺[M].P33.经济管理出版社.2004年5月第1版.
75 Karsten Jeske.A dynamic model with vertical specialization,credit chains,and incomplete enforcement[R].Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Working Paper 2002-21,November 2002.
76 Gene M.Grossman,Elhanan Helpman.Outsourcing versus FDI in industry equilibrium[J].Journal of the European Economic Association,April-May,2003,1(2-3):317-327.
77 数据来源:UNCTAD,基于FDI/TNC数据库,UNCTAD,Globstat数据库和IFS,2008年6月。
78 W.W.罗斯托.贺立平译.从起飞进入持续增长的经济学(修订本)[M].四川人民出版社.1998年4月第1版第1次印刷.
79 David Hummels,Ishii Jun,Kei-Mu Yi.The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade [J].Journal of International Economics,2001,54:75-96.
80 Robert C.Feenstra,GH.Hanson.Productivity Measurement and the Impact of Trade and Technology on Wages:Estimates for the U.S.,1972-1990[J].P17-19.NBER Working Paper No.6052.June 1997.
81 Francis Ng,Alexander J.Yeats.Production Sharing in East Asia- Who Does What for Whom,and Why?[J].Policy Research Working Paper 2197.The World Bank Development Research Group Trade.October 1999:1-57.
82 参考本文第三章。
83 中间产品的划分也是一个非常有争议的问题。同一个产品,不同的人会采用不同的划分标准。有人会将它划入到中间产品的范畴,有人会将它划入到最终品的范畴。
84 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P81.Economic Policy Review(19320426).1998 Jun98:75-96.
85 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P81.Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.
86 R.C.Feenstra,G.H.Hanson.Productivity measurement and the impact of trade and technology on wages:estimates for the U.S.,1972-1990[J].P43.NBER Working Paper No.6052.June 1997.
87 R.C.Feenstra,G.H.Hanson.Productivity measurement and the impact of trade and technology on wages:estimates for the U.S.,1972-1990[J].P17-19.NBER Working Paper No.6052.June 1997.
88 J.Campa,L.S.Goldberg.The evolving external orientation of manufacturing industries:evidence from four countries[J].NBER Working Paper No.5919.February 1997.
89 Alexander J.Yeats.Just how big is global production sharing?[J].P3 Policy Research Working Paper.The World Bank Development Research Group January 1998.1871.
90 北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组.中国出口中的垂直专门化与中美贸易[J].P8.世界经济.2006(5):3-11.
91 北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组.中国出口中的垂直专门化与中美贸易[J].P9.世界经济.2006(5):3-11.
92 刘志彪,刘晓昶.垂直专业化:经济全球化中的贸易和生产模式[J].P8.经济理论与经济管理.2001(10):5-10.
93 刘志彪,吴福象.贸易一体化与生产非一体化——基于经济全球化两个重要假说的实证研究[J].P88.中国社会科学.2006(2):80-92
94 张小蒂,孙景蔚.基于垂直专业化分工的中国产业国际竞争力分析[J].P17.世界经济.2006(5):12-21.
95 黄先海,韦畅.中国制造业出口垂直专业化程度的测量与分析[J].P158.管理世界.2007(4):158-159
96 黄先海,韦畅.中国制造业出口垂直专业化程度的测量与分析[J].P159.管理世界.2007(4):158-159
97 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P84.Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.图中,上面的曲线包含石油的进口,下面的曲线不包含石油的进口。
98 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P84.Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.图中,上面的曲线包含石油的进口,下面的曲线不包含石油的进口。
99 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P86. Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.
100 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P84.Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.
101 参考第七章中国学者的实证研究。
102 我国初级产品进口主要是原油、成品油、煤炭、大豆等资源类产品。
103 数据来源:中华人民共和国海关总署海关统计分析报告2009-02-11。
104 数据来源:新中国50年统计资料汇编。
105 数据来源:新中国50年统计资料汇编。
106 中共十七大报告。
107 数据来源:中华人民共和国海关总署海关统计.
108 北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组.中国出口中的垂直专门化与中美贸易[J].P6.世界经济.2006(5):3-11.
109 Kyoji Fukao,Young Gak Kim,Hyeog Ug Kwon.Plant Turnover and TFP Dynamics in Japanese Manufacturing.CEI Working Paper Series,No.2006-17.
Shujiro Urata.Japan-USA EPA:Benefits and Obstacles.November 27,2007.
110 黄勇峰,任若恩.中美两国制造业全要素生产率比较研究[J].P14.经济学(季刊)2002(10):161-180.
杨桂元、王莉莉.我国制造业技术进步、技术效率及区域差异[J].P112.技术经济2008(1):110-115.
陈勇、李小平.中国工业行业的技术进步与工业经济转型[J].P57.管理世界2007(6):56-63.
111 颜鹏飞、王兵.技术效率、技术进步与生产率增长:基于DEA的实证分析[J].经济研究.2004(12):55-65.
112 数据来源主要是中国各年的统计年鉴、《新中国50年统计资料汇编》等。出于分析的需要,本表没有将技术效率和技术进步进一步分解的指标纳入进来。
113 东莞年鉴2008。
114 东莞市经济贸易局、东莞市中小企业局.东莞中小企业调研报告汇编[C].P80.2008年8月。
115 东莞年鉴2008。
116 东莞年鉴2008。
117 东莞年鉴2008。
118 东莞市经济贸易局、东莞市中小企业局.东莞中小企业调研报告汇编[C].P58.2008年8月。
119 东莞市经济贸易局、东莞市中小企业局.东莞中小企业调研报告汇编[C].P29.2008年8月。
120 东莞市经济贸易局、东莞市中小企业局.东莞中小企业调研报告汇编[C].P70-71.2008年8月。
121 资料来源:国家海关总署。
122 资料来源:国家海关总署。
123 Alexander J.Yeats.Just how big is global production sharing?[J].P4 Policy Research Working Paper.The World Bank Development Research Group January 1998.1871.
[2]北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组.中国出口中的垂直专门化与中美贸易[J].世界经济.2006(5):3-11.
[3]贝蒂尔·俄林.地区间贸易和国际贸易[M].首都经济贸易大学出版社.2001年9月第1版.
[4]陈迅、李维、王珍.我国产业内贸易影响因素实证分析[J].世界经济研究.2004(6):48-54.
[5]陈迅、李维.产业内贸易的计量[J].财贸研究.2004(3):41-47.
[6]陈雯.东盟自由贸易区区内贸易的产业内贸易研究[J].世界经济研究.2003(1):37-41.
[7]陈永福、魏荣.世界蔬菜贸易竞争力与产业内贸易分析[J].中国农村经济.2005(4):59-72.
[8]陈勇、唐朱昌.中国工业的技术选择与技术进步:1985-2003[J].经济研究2006(9):50-61.
[9]陈勇、李小平.中国工业行业的技术进步与工业经济转型-对工业行业技术进步的DEA法衡量及转型特征分析[J].管理世界.2007(6):56-63.
[10]陈芝芸等著.拉丁美洲对外经济关系[M].社会科学文献出版社2007年4月第1版.
[11]陈卫平、侯晓霞、王长春.中国加工视频产业内贸易的发展现状与决定因素分析[J].管理世界.2004(9):108-116.
[12]陈李莉.中日两国产业内贸易及其影响因素分析[J].亚太经济.2006(5):72-75.
[13]程华、陈贤平.国外政府资助R&D投入经费和模式演变[J].科技进步与对策.2007(1):149-151.
[14]大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].商务印书馆.1972年.
[15]邓利方、余甫功.广东全要素生产率的测算与分析:1980-2004[J].广东社会科学.2006(5):39-44.
[16]杜莉.中国与美国高技术产品产业内贸易的实证研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2006(8):90-97.
[17]樊福卓、黄敏.中国产业内贸易指数及其发展[J].改革.2006(5):39-46.
[18]范爱军、李丽丽.中国与韩国产业内贸易的实证研究-以资本和技术密集型产品贸易为例[J].世界经济研究.2006(8):44-50.
[19]傅钧文、李梁.从中日电机电器产业内贸易看两国分工的趋势[J].世界经济研究.2003(4):57-62.
[20]弗里德里希·李斯特.政治经济学的自然体系[M].商务印书馆.1997年.
[21]高越、高峰.产品内贸易与外商直接投资的关系-理论模型与基于中国数据的经验分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2006(8):98-105.
[22]高敬峰.中日贸易中的比较优势特性分析[J].世界经济研究.2004(1):50-53.
[23]郭克莎.工业化新时期新兴主导产业的选择[J].中国工业经济.2003(2):5-14.
[24]郭克莎.结构失衡的影响与宏观调控的去向[J].经济学动态.2004(6):11-14.
[25]郭克莎.加入WTO对中国工业的综合性影响[J].经济研究.2002(11):36-44.
[26]郭克莎.入世两年来我国工业发展走势与今后的战略选择[J].经济纵横.2004(2):2-6.
[27]郭克莎、王文龙.我国高技术产业的科技需求分析[J].经济纵横.2004(8):18-22.
[28]郭克莎.中国汽车产业发展的市场与经济技术条件分析[J].管理世界.2001(2):102-111.
[29]何锦义、刘晓静、刘数梅.当前技术进步贡献率测算中的几个问题[J].统计研究.2006(5):29-35.
[30]何元庆.中国对外开放与TFP增长:基于中国省际面板数据的经验研究[J].经济学(季刊).2007(7):1127-1142.
[31]胡国恒 不完全契约条件下贸易、投资与国际生产组织[J].财经研究.2004(7):137-144.
[32]胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
[33]胡春力.发展我国装备工业的战略、重点与对策[J].宏观经济研究.2002(12):13-16.
[34]胡春力.提高我国自主创新能力的思路与对策[J].中国经贸导刊.2006(7):25-27.
[35]胡春力.我国产业结构的调整和升级[J].管理世界.1999(5):84-92.
[36]胡春力.促进产业结构升级是加强环境保护的根本[J].宏观经济研.1999(2):35-39.
[37]胡春力.当代中国产业结构调整与经济持续增长的关系[J].教学与研究.1998(3):14-20.
[38]胡春力.发展我国装备工业必须解决的几个问题[J].湖北经济学院学报.2008(1):5-8.
[39]胡春力.关于我国工业结构调整与增长的几个问题[J].管理世界.1996(4):103-110.
[40]胡春力.技术创新与经济体制[J].科技管理研究.1987(3):19-22.
[4l]胡春力.经济增长的动力——中国产业结构调整的重点及对策[J].国际贸易.1998(2):20-23.
[42]胡春力.论企业技术创新的经济环境[J].科学·经济·社会.5卷5期:295-298.
[43]胡春力.提高我国自主创新能力的产业重点与主要对策[J].宏观经济研究.2006(11):3-10.
[44]胡春力.我国资源开发型经济的形成与对策[J].战略与管理.2003(2):108-116.
[45]胡春力.需求结构偏斜与通货膨胀[J].管理世界.1995(1):94-103.
[46]胡春力.正确把握结构调整的目标和任务[J].中国劳动科学.1997(10):4-7.
[47]胡春力.中国基础产业发展战略[J].中国对外贸易.1997(1):6-7.
[48]胡小娟、陈晓红.我国中间产品贸易探析[J].国际经贸探索.2006(9):75-78.
[49]胡昭玲.国际垂直专业化分工与贸易:研究综述[J].南开经济研究,2006(5):12-26
[50]胡昭玲.产业内贸易与垂直专业化贸易比较及启示[J].国际经贸探索.2007(6):8-12.
[5l]胡昭玲.国际垂直专业化对发展中国家的影响与启示[J].经济经纬.2006(5):35-38.
[52]胡昭玲.国际垂直专业化对中国工业竞争力的影响分析[J].工业经济.2007(6):35-42.
[53]胡昭玲.国际垂直专业化与贸易理论的相关拓展[J].经济评论.2007(2):135-139.
[54]胡鞍钢.当前我国经济与社会发展形势分析和若干建议[J].改革.2002(5):5-14.
[55]黄晶 垂直专业化下的技术创新研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理2008(9):75-80.
[56]黄晶.技术、生产要素、关税与垂直专业化[J].财会月刊.2008(9):28-31.
[57]黄晶.垂直专业化理论的基本内涵研究[J].工业技术经济.2008(6):111-116.
[58]黄晶.垂直专业化下珠三角创新型城市群建设[J].经济问题探索.2008(10):46-51.
[59]黄建康.全球化中的中国机电产业国际竞争力培育路径[J].国际经贸探索.79-84.
[60]黄先海,韦畅.中国制造业出口垂直专业化程度的测量与分析[J].管理世界.2007(4):158-159.
[61]蒋殿春、黄静.外商直接投资与我国产业内技术二元结构-基于DEA方法的证据[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2007(7):44-53.
[62]金雪军、欧朝敏、李杨.全要素生产率、技术引进与R&D投入[J].科学学研究.2006(10):702-705.
[63]卡齐米耶日·Z·波兹南斯基著,佟宪国译.全球化的负面影响——东欧国家的民族资本被剥夺[M].经济管理出版社.2004年5月第1版.
[64]蓝庆新.中国贸易结构变化与经济增长转型的实证分析及现状研究[J].经济评论.2001(6):29-32.
[65]李准晔.中国各区域对外贸易的决定因素分析[J].经济研究.2005(8):116-127.
[66]李准晔、金洪起.中韩贸易结构分析[J].中国工业经济.2002(2):47-54.
[67]李胜文、李大胜.我国全要素生产率增长的区域差异[J].数量经济技术经济研究.20060):12-21.
[68]李小平.自主R&D、技术引进和生产率增长-对中国分行业大中型工业企业的实证研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2007(7):15-24.
[69]李俊.产业内贸易及其在广东的实践[J].学术研究.2003(9):60-63.
[70]李俊.产业内贸易及其在我国的时间[J].国际经贸探索.2003(2):10-12.
[71]李辉文、石燕.产业内贸易与比较优势-对产业内贸易根源的重新重视[J].经济评论.20060):102-111.
[72]李明德,江时学.现代化:拉美和东亚的发展模式[M].社会科学文献出版社2000年4月第1版.
[73]林琳.促进中韩双边贸易发展的对策研究[J].亚太经济.2004(6):38-40.
[74]林琳.中国制成品进出口产业内贸易的实证研究[J].世界经济研究.2005(2):39-43.
[75]林琳、张皓.中韩两国双边贸易的特点及其相关因素分析[J].理论学刊.2004(8):60-62.
[76]林金忠.中国经济增长可持续性问题研究方法的改进-基于马尔奎斯指数的全要素生产力分析[J].厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2006(2):83-89.
[77]刘志彪,刘晓昶.垂直专业化:经济全球化中的贸易和生产模式[J].经济理论与经济管 理,2001(10):5-10.
[78]刘志彪,吴福象.贸易一体化与生产非一体化——基于经济全球化两个重要假说的实证研究[J].中国社会科学.2006(2):80-92.
[79]刘昌黎.日本对外投资的新衰退及其展望[J].现代日本.2003(2):16-21.
[80]刘凤朝、潘雄锋.基于Malmquist指数法的我国科技创新效率评价[J].科学学研究.2007(10):986-990.
[81]刘海英、赵英才、张纯洪.人力资本“均化”与中国经济增长质量关系研究[J].管理世界.2004(11):15-21.
[82]刘志迎、也蓁.中国高技术产业各行业技术效率的实证分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2006(9):22-26.
[83]刘凯敏、朱钟棣.我国对外直接投资与技术进步关系的实证研究[J].亚太经济.2007(1):98-101.
[84]柳剑平、孙云华.垂直专业化分工与中国对东亚经济体的贸易逆差-兼及中国对美国贸易顺差的比较分析[J].世界经济研究.2006(7):16-23.
[85]柳剑平、孙云华.我国企业对东亚直接投资的国别(地区)选择-基于产品内分工实态的研究[J].国际贸易.2006(11):22-26.
[86]梁琦、王洪亮、黄瑞玲.中美、中日双边贸易收支的影响因素及其比较研究[J].管理世界.2005(5):46-54.
[87]卢锋.产品内分工[J].经济学(季刊).2004(10):55-82.
[88]卢锋.我国承接国际服务外包问题研究[J].经济研究.2007(9):49-61.
[89]卢锋.当代服务外包的经济学观察:产品内分工的分析视角[J].世界经济.2007(8):22-35.
[90]罗余才.我国农产品贸易中的产业内贸易[J].农村经济.2002(9):10-12.
[91]美洲开放银行著,江时学等译.拉美改革的得与失[M].社会科学文献出版.1999年6月第1版.
[92]潘文卿、马晓慧.中日、中美贸易的变动:产业间还是产业内[J].统计研究.2005(7):31-36.
[93]彭国华.我国地区经济的长期收敛性.一个新方法的应用[J].管理世界.2006(9):53-58.
[94]彭国华.我国地区全要素生产率与人力资本构成[J].中国工业经济.2007(2):52-59.
[95]彭国华.双边国际贸易引力模型中的地区生产率的经验研究[J].经济研究.2007(8):123-132.
[96]彭国华.中国地区经济增长及差距的来源[J].世界经济.2005(9):42-50.
[97]彭国华.中国地区收入差距、全要素生产率及其收敛分析[J].经济研究.2005(9):19-29.
[98]平新桥.产业内贸易理论与中美贸易关系[J].国际经济评论.2005(9-10):12-14.
[99]强永昌.产业内贸易论——国际贸易最新理论[M].复旦大学出版社.2002年9月第一版.
[100]任志祥、宋玉华.中外产业内贸易与经济周期协动性的关系研究[J].统计研究.2004(5):17-20.徐康宁、王剑.要素禀赋、地理因素与新国际分工[J].中国社会科学.2006(6):65-77.
[101]邵云飞、成红、银路.R&D经费投入的国际比较与借鉴[J].技术管理研究.2002(3):82-86.
[102]沈能、刘凤朝、赵建强.中国地区工业技术效率差异及其变动趋势分析-基于Malmquist生产率指数[J].科研管理.2007(7):16-22.
[103]盛文军、廖晓燕.垂直专业化贸易、公司内贸易与产业内贸易:兼论中国企业的竞争战略选择[J].世界经济.2002(2):58-63.
[104]史智宇、易行健、唐建伟.东亚产业内贸易的发展趋势[J].世界经济.2003(12):40-44.
[105]史智宇.东亚产业内贸易发展趋势的实证研究-对发展我国与东亚产业内贸易的政策思考[J].财经研究.75-80.
[106]史智宇.产业内贸易研究:中国与东盟国家[J].世界经济文汇.2003(4):37-43.
[107]宋全成.加工贸易带动的提升-我国产业内贸易实证分析[J].国际贸易.2003(12):10-13.
[108]宋玉华、刘春香.我国农业产业内贸易的实证研究[J].中国农村经济.2004(2):30-37.
[109]舒元、才国伟.我国省际技术进步及其空间扩散分析[J].经济研究.2007(6):106-118.
[110]隋广军.产业演进及其微观基础研究[M].经济科学出版社.2007年3月第一版.
[111]汤海燕、史智宇、周甫军.影响中国与东盟产业内贸易发展因素解析[J].当代财经.2003(12):89-91.
[112]田文.产品内贸易的定义、计量及比较分析[J].财贸经济.2005(5):77-79.
[113]田文,刘厚俊.产品内分工下西方贸易理论的新发展[J].经济学动态,2006(5):69-74.
[114]田素华.外商直接投资对中国技术进步效应的结构分析[J].世界经济研究.2007(3):63-69.
[115]佟家栋、刘钧霆.中国与日韩制造业贸易调整成本的经验研究-基于边际产业内贸易分析[J].南开经济研究.2006(3):3-12.
[116]涂正革.全要素生产率与区域工业的和谐快速发展-基于1995～2004年28个省市大中型工业的非参数生产前沿分析[J].财经研究.2007(12):90-102.
[117]W.W.罗斯托.贺立平译.从起飞进入持续增长的经济学(修订本)[M].四川人民出版社.1998年4月第1版第1次印刷.
[118]王志刚、龚六堂、陈玉宇.地区生产效率与全要素生产率增长率分解[J].中国社会科学.2006(2):55-66.
[119]王兵、颜鹏飞.技术效率、技术进步与东亚经济增长[J].经济研究.2007(5):91-103.
[120]王兵、颜鹏飞.中国的生产率与效率:1952～2000-基于时间序列的DEA分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2006(8):22-30.
[121]王中昭.产业内贸易与中国工业化进程的动因分析[J].统计研究.2004(5):21-25.
[122]王春丽.产业内贸易理论视角下的中国-东盟双边贸易[J].亚太经济.2006(5):17-20.
[123]王鹏.东亚产业分工形态实证研究-基于产业内贸易的视角[J].亚太经济.2006(4):16-18.
[124]王恬.对我国电子类产品产业内贸易的分析-中日、中美、中韩的国别比较[J].世界经济研究.2006(6):72-75.
[125]王洪庆.外商直接投资对我国产业内贸易的影响[J].上海交通大学学报.2006(4):598-601.
[126]王云飞.我国与主要贸易伙伴产业内贸易的相关性分析[J].世界经济研究.2005(10):47-55.
[127]王娟.中国-东盟产业内贸易趋势、动因与对策[J].世界经济研究.2005(7):60-65.
[128]吴福象.经济全球化中制造业垂直分离的研究[J].财经科学.2005(3):113-120.
[129]许统生.产业内贸易类型、利益与经济增长[J].当代财经.2006(7):79-83.
[130]徐家杰.中国全要素生产率估计:1978-2006[J].亚太经济.2007(6):65-68.
[131]徐康宁、韩剑.中国和新加坡产业内贸易的实证研究[J].国际经贸探索.2005(7):21-25.
[132]亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上、下卷)[M].商务印书馆.1981年.
[133]颜鹏飞、王兵.技术效率、技术进步与生产率增长:基于DEA的实证分析[J].经济研究.2004(12):55-65.
[134]杨立英、金碧辉、孙涛涛.经济增长对科研经费投入贡献力的国际比较[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2006(12):5-10.
[135]殷德生、唐海燕.人力资本效应、产业内贸易与经济增长[J].世界经济.2006(6):61-70.
[136]于李娜.产业内贸易理论对我国的适用性分析[J].国际经贸探索.2001(5):2-4.
[137]于立新、杨婧.投资带动产业内贸易增长-中日经贸发展对东北亚区域经济合作的影响[J].国际贸易.2006(6):31-34.
[138]苑涛.西方产业内贸易理论研究述评[J].经济评论.2003(1):91-94.
[139]喻春桥.国际贸易理论的验证述评[J].国际经贸探索.2002(6):5-10.
[140]俞灵燕.结构规制产业政策对产业内贸易的影响[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2001(10):117-120.
[141]赵伟、马征.垂直专业化贸易:理论模型与基于中国数据的实证[J].技术经济.2006(8):110-114.
[142]赵文丁.新型国际分工格局下中国制造业的比较优势[J].中国工业经济.2003(8):32-37.
[143]赵伟、古广东、何元庆.外向FDI与中国技术进步:机理分析与尝试性实证[J].管理世界.2006(7):53-60.
[144]赵乃斌,朱晓中.东欧经济大转轨[M].中国经济出版社1995年5月第1版.
[145]张宇、蒋殿春.FDI、产业集聚与产业技术进步-基于中国制造业行业数据的实证检验[J].财经研究. 2008(1):72-82.
[146]张宇.FDI与中国全要素生产率的变动-基于DEA协整分析的实证检验[J].世界经济研究.2007(5):14-19.
[147]张纪.产品内国际分工的收益分配——基于笔记本电脑商品链的分析[J].中国工业经济.2006(7):36-44.
[148]张捷.东亚国际分工体系的演变与中国的政策选择[J].当代亚太.2005(8):5-12.
[149]张捷、刘凤翔.价值链整合与价值模块整合[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版).2006(5):43-48.
[150]张捷.日本制造业组织结构与国际分工模式的变化[J].日本学刊.2007(2):58-69.
[151]张小蒂,孙景蔚.基于垂直专业化分工的中国产业国际竞争力分析[J].世界经济.2006(5):12-21.
[152]张昱、李玉霞.中国对欧盟商品贸易研究-对双边产业内贸易水平的实证分析[J].当代财经.2006(9):95-98.
[153]郑京海、胡鞍钢.中国改革时期省际生产率增长变化的实证分析(1979-2001年)[J].经济学(季刊).2005(1):263-296.
[154]曾铮、王鹏.产品内分工理论与价值链理论的渗透与耦合[J].财贸经济.2007(3):121-125.
[155]曾铮、张亚斌.价值链的经济学分析及其政策借鉴[J].中国工业经济.2005(5):104-111.
[156]曾铮、吴小环.我国出口商品结构高度化与贸易条件恶化[J].财经科学.2005(4):162-168.
[157]曾国平、刘海霞.论产业内贸易的动因及其与跨国公司的互动[J].财贸研究.2003(3):17-19.
[158]中国人民大学政治经济学教研室,北京市财政贸易干部学校资料研究室,北京对外贸易学院对外贸易教研组等单位集体合编.马克思,恩格斯,列宁,斯大林有关财政贸易的理论[C].科学出版社.1962年6月第一版.
[159]周叔莲、王延中.加入WTO之后提高中国工业国际竞争力的对策[J].中国工业经济.2001(8):12-18.
[160]周叔莲、王伟光.科技创新与产业结构优化升级[J].管理世界.2001(5):70-78.
[161]周延、杜运苏.入世前后中国制成品产业内贸易发展的对比分析[J].世界经济研究.2006(2):54-58.
[162]周叔莲、王伟光.我国高技术行业出口能力影响因素分析[J].宏观经济研究.2003(8):9-13.
[163]周叔莲.新条件下的中国工业化[J].理论前沿.2005(16):5-9.
[164]朱晓中.“欧洲协定”与东西欧经济关系[J].欧洲.1997(5):35-44.
[165]A.Erdilek.Multinationals As Mutual Invaders:Intra-industry Direct Foreign Investment[M].Routledge.January 1985.
[166]Abiru Masahiro,Babu Nahata,Subhashis Raychaudhuri,and Michael Waterson.Equilibrium Structure in Vertical Oligopoly[J].Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization.1998,Vol.37:463-480.
[167]Alan V.Deardorff.Fragmentation in simple trade models[J].North American Journal of Economics and Finance.12,2001:121-137.
[168]Allan V.Deardorff.The Possibility of Factor-Price Equalization Revisited[J]Journal of International Economics.February 1994.Vol.36,No.1-2:167-175.
[169]Alan V.Deardorff.Weak Links in the Chain of Comparative Advantage[J]Journal of International Economics.May 1979.Vol.9,No.2:197-209.
[170]Alan V.Deardorff.Factor Prices and the Factor Content of Trade Revisited:What's the Use?[J].Journal of International Economics.February 2000.Vol.50,No.1:73-90.
[171]Alexander J.Yeats.Just How Big is Global Production Sharing?[J].Policy Research Working Paper.The World Bank Development Research Group January 1998.1871.
[172]Anderson James.A.A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation[J].American Economic Review.March 1979.Vol.69,No.1:106-116.
[173]Andrew B.Bernard,J.Bradford Jensen.Exporters,Skill Upgrading,and the Wage Gap[J].Journal of International Economics,February 1997.Vol.42,No.1-2:3-32.
[174]Andrew B.Bernard,Jonathan Eaton,J.Bradford Jensen,Samuel Kortum.Plants and Productivity in International Trade[J].The American Economic Review,Vol.93,No.4.Nov.,2003:1268-1290.
[175]Antweiler Werner,Daniel Trefler.Increasing Returns and All That:A View from Trade[J].American Economic Review.March 2002.Vol.92,No.1:93-119.
[176]Anthony J.Venables.Trade and Trade Policy with Imperfect Competition:the Case of Identical Products and Free Entry[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1985.Vol.19,No.1-2:1-19.
[177]Anthony J.Venables.Trade and Trade Policy with Differentiated Products:A Chamberlian- Ricardian Model[J].Economic Journal.September 1987.Vol.97,No.387:700-717.
[178]Aquino A.Intra-industry and Inter-industry Specialization as Concurrent Sources of International Trade in Manufactures[J].Review of World Economics.June 1978.Vol.114.No.2:275-296.
[179]Arndt W.Sven.Super-Specialization and the Gains from Trade[J].Contemporary Economic Policy.Vol.ⅩⅥ,October 1998:480-485.
[180]Arndt W.Sven,Henryk Kierzkowski.Fragmentation:New Production and Trade Patterns in the World Economy[M].Oxford University Press,Oxford.
[181]Arvind Panagariya.Variable Returns To Scale in Production and Patterns of Specialization[J].American Economic Review.March 1981.Vol.71,No.1:221-230.
[182]Avinash K.Dixlt,Joseph E.Stiglitz.Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity[J].The American Economic Review.Vol.67,No.3.(Jun.,1977):297-308.
[183]Avinash K.Dixit.Vertical Integration in a Monopolistically Competitive Industry[J],International Journal of Industrial Organization,1983.1:63-78.
[184]Avinash K.Dixit and Gene.M.Grossman.Trade and Protection with Multistage Production[J].P584.Review of Economic Study(1982) XLⅨ:583-594.
[185]Avinash K.Dixit,Victor Norman.Theory of International Trade[M].Combridge University Press.September 30,1980.
[186]Avinash K.Dixit,Victor Norman.Gains from Trade Without Lump Sum Compensation[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1986.Vol.21,No.1-2:111-122.
[187]Avinash K.Dixit,Albert.S.Kyle.The Use of Protection and Subsidies for Entry Promotion and Deterrence[J].American Economic Review.March 1985.Vol.75,No.1:139-152.
[188]Balassa,Bela.Trade liberalization among industrial countries[M].New York:McGraw.Hill.1967.
[189]Baier Scott and Jeffrey H.Bergstrand.The Growth of World Trade:Tariffs,Transport Costs,and Income Similarity[J].Journal of International Economics.February 2001.Vol.53,No.1:1-27.
[190]Barbara J.Spencer,Ronald W.Jones.Vertical Foreclosure and International Trade Policy[J].Review of Economic Studies(1991) 58:153-170.
[191]Barbara J.Spencer.International Outsourcing and Incomplete Contracts[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.Vol.38,No.4,November 2005:1107-1135.
[192]Bela Balassa.Trade Liberalization and 'Revealed' Comparative Advantage[J],The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies.1965.Vol.33:99-123.
[193]Bela Balassa.Intra-industry Specialization:A cross-country Analysis[J].European Economic Review.February 1986.Vol.30,No.1:27-42.
[194]Bela Balassa.The Determinants of Intra-industry Specialization in United States Trade[J]Oxford Economic Papers.July 1986.Vol.38,No.2:220-233.
[195]Ben-David,Dan,Trade Liberalization and Income Convergence[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.August 1993.Vol.108,No.3:653-679.
[196]Ben-David,Dan.Trade Liberalization and Income Convergence:A Comment[J].Journal of International Economics.October 2001.Vol.55,No.1:229-234.
[197]Bertil G.Ohlin.Interregional and International Trade,Harvard University Press,Cambridge.1952.
[198]Bruce A.Blonigen.In Search of Substitution Between Foreign Production and Exports[J].Journal of International Economics.February 2001.Vol.53,No.1:81-104.
[199]Christis G.Tombazos,XiaoKai Yang,DingSheng Zhang.A Neo-Heckscher-Ohlin Model of Trade with Endogenous Production Patterns[J].The Economic record.August 2005.Vol.81,No.1:71-81.
[200]Colin Lawerence,Pablo T.Spiller.Product Diversity,Economics of Scale and International Trader[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.February 1983.Vol.98,No.l:63-83.
[201]D.G.Ferguson.International Capital Mobility and Comparative Advantage:The Two-Country,Two-Factor Case[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1978.Vol.8,No.3:373-396.
[202]David Cox,Richard G.Harris.Trade Liberalization and Industrial Organization:Some Estimates for Canada[J].Journal of Political Economy.February 1985.Vol.93,No.l:115-145.
[203]David Greenaway.Identifying the Gains from Pure Intra-industry Exchange[J].Journal of Economic Studies.1982.Vol.9,No.3:40-54.
[204]David Greenaway.Intra-industry Trade,Intra-firm Trade and European Integration:Evidence,Gains and Policy Aspects[J].Journal of Common Market Studies.December 1987.Vol.26,No.2:153-172.
[205]David Greenaway.Current Issues in International Trade Theory and Policy[M].St.Martin's Press,New York.1985.
[206]David Greenaway,Chris Milner.Effective Protection and Intra-industry Trade:Some Positive and Normative Issues[J].Journal of Economic Studies.1987.Vol.14,No.5:38-53.
[207]David Greenaway,Tharakan,P.K.M.,Imperfect Competition and International Trade:the Policy Aspects of Intra-industry Trade[M].Wheatsheaf Books 1986.
[208]David G.Mayes.The Effects of Economic Integration on Trade[J].Journal of Common Market Studies.September 1978.Vol.17,No.1:1-25.
[209]David Hummels,James Levinsohn.Product Differentiation as a Source of Comparative Advantage?[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 1993.Vol.83,No.2:445-449.
[210]David Hummels,James Levinsohn.Monopolistic Competition and International Trade:Reconsidering the Evidence[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics.Vol.110,No.4,Aug.,1995:799-836.
[211]David Hummels,Peter J.Klenow.The Variety and Quality of a Nation's Exports[J].The American Economic Review.June 2005.Vol.95,No.3:704-723.
[212]David Hummels,Ishii Jun,Kei-Mu Yi.The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade[J].Journal of International Economics,2001,54:75-96.
[213]David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J].Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.
[214]David T.Coe,Elhanan Helpman.International R&D Spillovers[J].European Economic Review.May 1995.Vol.39,No.5:859-887.
[215]Edward Chamberlin.The Theory Of Monopolistic Competition:A Re-Orientation Of The Theory Of Value[M].Cambridge,Harvard University Press.1936.
[216]Elhanan Helpman.International Trade in the Presence of Product Differentiation,Economics of Scale And Monopolistic Competition[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1981.Vol.11,No.3:305-340.
[217]Elhanan Helpman.Imperfect Competition and International Trade:Evidence from Fourteen Industrial Countries[J].European Economic Review.March 1987.Vol.1,No.1:62-81.
[218]Elhanan Helpman.A Simple Theory of International Trade with Multinational Corporations[J].Journal of Political Economy.June 1984.Vol.92,No.3:451-471.
[219]Elhanan Helpman.Multinational Corporations and Trade Structure[J].Review of Economic Studies.July 1985.Vol.52,No.3:443-457.
[220]Elhanan Helpman,Paul Krugman.Market Structure and Foreign Trade.Combridge:MIT Press.1985.
[221]Eric W.Bond,Ronald W.Jones,and Ping Wang.Economic Takeoffs in a Dynamic Process of Globalization[J].Review of International Economics,13(1),2005:1-19.
[222]Falvey,R.E.Commercial Policy and Intra-industry Trade[J].Journal of International Economics,1981.Vol.11:495-511.
[223]Francis Ng,Alexander J.Yeats.Production Sharing in East Asia-Who Does What for Whom,and Why?[J].Policy Research Working Paper 2197.The World Bank Development Research Group October 1999:1-57.
[224]Francois R.Caves.Optimal Effective Protection in General Equilibrium[J].American Economic Review.September 1973.Vol.63,No.4:714-716.
[225]Frank Graham.Some Aspects of Protection Further Considered[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.1937.Vol.37:199-227.
[226]Frederic M.Scherer.Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance[M].Houghton Mifflin Company,3 Edition,April 1,1990
[227]Gary Gereffi.International Trade and Industrial Upgrading In the Apparel Commodity Chain[J].Journal of International Economics.48,1999:37-70.
[228]Gene M.Grossman,Elhanan Helpman.Outsourcing Versus FDI in Industry Equilibrium[J].Journal of the European Economic Association,April-May,2003.1(2-3):317-327.
[229]Gene M.Grossman,Elhanan Helpman.Integration Versus Outsourcing in Industry Equilibrium[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics.February 2002.Vol.117,No.1:85-119.
[230]Gene Grossman,Elhana Helpman.Comparative Advantage and Long-ran Growth[J].The American Economic Review.September 1990.Vol.80 No.4:796-815.
[231]Gene M.Grossman,Elhanan Helpman,Product Development and International Trade[J].Journal of Political Economy.December 1989.Vol.97,No.6:1261-1283.
[232]Gene M.Grossman,Elhanan Helpman.Outsourcing in a Global Economy[J].Review of Economics Studies.2005.Vol.72:135-159.
[233]Gordon H.Hanson,Raymond J.Mataloni,Jr.,Matthew J.Slaughter.Vertical Production Networks in Multinational Firms[J].The Review of Economics and Statistics.November 2005.87(4):664-678.
[234]Guillaume Gaulier,Francoise Lemoine,Deniz Unal-Kesenci.China's Integration in East Asia:Production Sharing,FDI & High-Tech Trade[J].CEPII,Working Paper No 2005-09.
[235]H.Glejser,K.Goossens,Vanden M.Eede.Inter-industry versus Intra-industry Specialization in Exports and Imports(1959-1970-1973)[J].Journal of International Economies.May 1982.Vol.2,No.3-4:363-369.
[236]Harold Hetelling.Stability in Competition[J].Economic Journal.March 1929.Vol.39,No.153:41-57.
[237]Harry Hum,Elhanan Helpman.Vertical Product Differentiation and North-South Trade[J].The American Economic Review.December 1987.Vol.77,No.5:810-822.
[238]Harry P.Bowen,Edward E.Leamer,Leo Sveikanskas.Multicountry,Multifactor Tests of the Factor Abundance Theory[J].American Economic Review.1987.Vol.77,No.5:791-809.
[239]Henryk Kierzkowski.Monopolistic Competition and International Trade[M].Oxford University Press.1984
[240]Henrik Horn.Some Implications of Non-homotheticity in Production in a Two-sector General Equilibrium Model with Monopolistic Competition[J].Journal of International Economics.February 1983.Vol.14,No.1-2:85-101.
[241]Herbert G.Grubel,P.J.Lloyd.Intra-indnstry Trade:The Theory and Measurement of International Trade in Differentiated Products[M].Macmillan,1975.
[242]Hogan Chen,Matthew Kondratowicz,Kei-Mu Yi.Vertical specialization and three facts about U.S. international trade[J].North American Journal of Economics and Finance.16,2005:35-59.
[243]Ignatius J.Horstman,James R.Markusen.Strategic Investment and Development of Multinationals[J].International Economic Review.February 1987.Vol.28,No.1:109-121.
[244]J.Campa,L.S.Goldberg.The Evolving External Orientation of Manufacturing Industries:Evidence from Four Countries[J].NBER Working Paper No.5919.February 1997.
[245]J.David Richardson.Empirical Research on Trade Liberalization with Imperfect Competition[J].OECD Economic Studies.November 1988.Vol.12,No.58:1-44.
[246]J.M.Finger.Trade Overlap and Intra-industry Trade[J].Economic Inquiry.December 1975.Vol.ⅩⅢ.:581-589.
[247]J.M.Finger.Trade Overlap and Intra-industry Trade:Reply[J].Economic Inquiry.July 1978.V61.ⅩⅥ:474-475.
[248]J.Peter Neary.Factor Mobility and International Trade[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.November 1995.Vol.28,No.1:4-23.
[249]Jacob Kol,Loet.B.M.Mennes.Intra-industry Specialization:Some Observations on Concepts and Measurement[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1986.Vol.21,No.1-2:173-181.
[250]Jagdish N.Bhagwati,Richard A.Brecher.National Welfare in an Open Economy in the Presence of Foreign-Owned Factors of Production[J].Journal of International Economics.February 1980.Vol.10,No.1:103-115.
[251]Jagdish N.Bhagwati.Immiserizing Growth:A Geometrical Note[J].Review of Economic Studies.June 1958.Vol.25:201-205.
[252]Jagdish N.Bhagwati.The Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem in the Multi-Commodity Case[J].Journal of Political Economy.September-October 1972.Vol.80,No.5:1052-1055.
[253]Jagdish N.Bhagwati,Richard A.Brecher,Elias Dinopoulos and T.N.Srinivasan.Quid Pro Quo Foreign Investment and Welfare:A Political-Economy-Theoretic Model,”Journal of Development Economics.October 1987.Vol.27,No.1-2:127-138.
[254]Jagdish N.Bhagwati,T.N.Srinivasan.Revenue Seeking:A Generalization of the Theory of Tariffs[J].Journal of Political Economy.December 1980.Vol.88,No.6:1069-1087.
[255]Jagdish N.Bhagwati,Vivek H.Dehejia.Freer Trade and Wages of the Unskilled-Is Marx Striking Again?[J].In Jagdish N.Bhagwati and Marvin Kosters,eds.,Trade and Wages:Leveling Wages Down?,Washington D.C.:American Enterprise Institute:36-75.
[256]Jaime Behar.Economic Integration and Intra-industry trade:The Case of the Argentine-Brazilian free Trade Agreement[J].Journal of Common Marker Studies.June 2008.Vol.29,No.5:527-552.
[257]James A.Brander,Barbara J.Spencer.Tariffs and The Extraction of Foreign Monopoly Rents Under Potential Entry[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.August 1981.Vol.14,No.3:371-389.
[258]James A.Brander.Intra-industry Trade in Identical Commodities[J].Journal of International Economics.February 1981.Vol.11,No.1:1-14.
[259]James A.Brander,Paul Krugman.A“Reciprocal Dumping”Model of International Trade[J].National Bureau of Economic Research 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge,Ma August 1983.
[260]James E.Rauch.Increasing Returns to Scale and the Pattern of Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.May 1989.Vol.26,No.3-4:359-369.
[261]James R.Markusen.Multinational Firms and the Theory of International Trade[M].The MIT Press.September 1,2004.
[262]James R.Markusen,James R.Melvin,Tariffs,Capital Mobility,and Foreign Ownership[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1979.Vol.9,No.3:395-409.
[263]James R.Markusen.Factor Movements and Commodity Trade as Complements[J].Journal of International Economics.May 1983.Vol.14,No.3-4:341-356.
[264]Jeffrey A.Frankel,David Romer.Does Trade Cause Growth?[J].The American Economic Review.June 1999.Vol.89,N0.3:379-399.
[265]Jeffrey D.Sachs,XiaokaiYang,Dengsheng Zhang.Pattern of Trade and Economic Development in the Model of Monopolistic Competition[J].CID Working Paper No.14 April 1999:1-29.
[266]Jeffrey H.Bergstrand.The Generalized Gravity Equation,Monopolistic Competition,and the Factor-Proportions Theory in International Trade[J].Review of Economics and Statistics.February.Vol.71,No.1:143-153.
[267]Jeffrey H.Bergstrand,The Gravity Equation in International Trade:Some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence[J].Review of Economics and Statistics.August 1989.Vol.67,No.3:474-481.
[268]Jaskold J.Gahszewicz,Avner Shaked,John Sutton,J.F.Thisse.International Trade in Differentiated Products[J].International Economic Review.October 1981.Vol22,No.3:527-534.
[269]John S.Chipman.International Trade with Capital Mobility:A Substitution Theorem[C]in Bhagwati,J.,Jones,R.W.,Mundell,R.A.andVanek,J.(eds),Trade,Balance of Payments and Growth,North-Holland,Amsterdam,201-37.
[270]Kalyan K.Sanyal.Vertical Specialization in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Stage of Production [J].Economica.50.February.1983:71-78.
[271]Kalyan K.Sanyal,Ronald W.Jones.The Theory of Trade in Middle Products[J].The American Economic Review.March 1982.Vol.72,No.1:16-31.
[272]Karsten Jeske,A Dynamic Model with Vertical Specialization,Credit Chains,and Incomplete Enforcement[J].Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Working Paper 2002-21 November 2002.
[273]Kei-Mu Yi,Can Vertical Specialization Explain the Growth of world Trade?[J].Journal of political Economy.2003.vol.111.no.1:52-102.
[274]Kelvin Lancaster.Variety,Equity and Efficiency:Product Variety in an Industrial Society[M].Columbia University Press.New York.1979..
[275]Kelvin Lancaster.Intra-industry Trade Under Perfect Monopolistic Competition[M].Journal of International Economics.May 1980.Vol.10,No.2:151-175.
[276]Kenneth Dyson,Stephen Wilks.Industrial Crisis:A Comparative Study of The State and Industry[M]Palgrave Macmillan.September 1983.
[277]Kiertisak Toh.A Cross-section Analysis of Intra-industry Trade in US Manufacturing Industries[J].Weltwirtschaftliches Archly.June 1982.Vol.118,No.2:281-301.
[278]Kiyoshi Kojima.The Pattern of International Trade Among Advanced Countries[J].Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics.June 1964.Vol.5,No1.:16-36.
[279]Kiyoshi Kojima.Internalization vs.Cooperation of MNC's Business[J].Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics.June 1992.Vol.33,No.1:1-17.
[280]Kyoji Fukao,Young Gak Kim,Hyeog Ug Kwon.Plant Turnover and TFP Dynamics in Japanese Manufacturing[C].CEI Working Paper Series,No.2006-17:1-49.
[281]Lee G.Branstetter,Robert C.Feenstra.Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in China:a Political Economy Approach[J].Journal of International Economics.58,2002:335-358.
[282]Leonard K.Cheng.Optimal Trade and Technology Policies:Dynamic Linkages[J].International Economic Review.October 1987.Vol.28,No.3:757-776.
[283]M.A.M.Smith.Intertemporal Ganins From Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.May 1979.Vol.9,No.2:239-248.
[284]Magnus Blomstrom,A.Kokko.Multinational Corporations and Spiliovers[J].Journal of Economic Surveys.1998.Vol.12,No.2:247-277.
[285]Magnus Blomstrom,F.Sjoholm.Technology Transfer and Spillovers:Does Local Participation with Multinationals Matter[J].European Economic Review.1999.Vol.43:915-923.
[286]Magnus Blomstrom,H.Persson.Foreign Investment and Spillover Efficiency in an Underdeveloped Economy:Evidence from Mexican Manufacturing Industry[J].World Development.1983.Vol.11,No.6:493-501.
[287]M.Ayhan Kose,Kei-Mu Yi.International Trade and Business Cycles:Is Vertical Specializati on the Missing Link?[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 2001.Vol.91,No.2:371-375.
[288]Mika Saito.Armington elasticities in intermediate inputs trade:a problem in using multilateral trade data[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.November 2004.Vol.37,No.4:1097-1117.
[289]Michaely,M.Concentration in International Trade[M].Amsterdam.North-Holland Publishing Co.1962.
[290]Miltiades Chacholiads.The Pure Theory of International Trade[M].Aldine Transaction,Edition:illustrated,revised.2006.
[291]Murray Kemp.The Gain from International Trade[J].American Economic Review.1962.Vol.72:803-819.
[292]Nigel Grimwade.International Trade:New Patterns of Trade,Production and Investment[M].Routledge.2000.
[293]P.B.W.Rayment.The Homogeneity of Manufacturing Industries with Respect to Factor Intensity:the Case of the U.K[J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics.August 1976.Vol.38,No.3:203-209.
[294]P.K.M.Tharakan.Intra-industry Trade Between The Industrial Countries and The Developing World[J].European Economic Review.1984.Vol.26,No.1-2:213-227.
[295]P.K.M.Tharakan.The Intra-industry Trade of Benelux with the Developing World[J].Weltwirtschaftliches Aechiv.March 1986.Vol.122,No.1:131-149.
[296]P.K.M.Tharakan,Jacob Kol.Intra-industry Trade:Theory,Evidence and Extensions[M].Palgrave Macmillan 1989/12.[1]P.B.W.Rayment.The Homogeneity of Manufacturing Industries with Respect to Factor Intensity:the Case of the U.K[J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics.August 1976.Vol.38,No.3:203-209.
[297]Paul R.Bergin,Robert C.Feenstra.Pricing to Market,Staggered Contracts,and Real Exchange Rate Persistence[J].Journal of International Economics.August 2001.Vol.54,No.2:333-359..
[298]Paul R.Bergin,Robert C.Feenstra.Staggered Price Setting and Endogenous Persistence[J].Journal of Monetary Economics.June 2000.Vol.45:657-680.
[299]Paul S.Armington.A Theory of Demand for Products Distinguished by Place of Production.March 1969.IMF Staff Papers,Vol.16:159-178.
[300]Paul Krugman,Anthony J.Vanables.Globalization and the Inequality of Nations[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics.Vol.110,No.4,Nov.,1995:857-880.
[301]Paul Krugman.Increasing Returns and Economic Geography[J].Journal of Political Economy.1991,Vol.99,No.3:483-499.
[302]Paul Krugman.Scale Economies,Product Differentiation,and the Pattern of Trade[J].The American Economic Review.December 1980,Vol.70,No.5:950-959.
[303]Paul Krugman.Intra-industry Specialization and Gains from Trade[J].Journal of Political Economy,1981.Vol.89:959-974.
[304]Paul Krugman.Increasing Returns,Monopolistic Competition and International Trade[J],Journal of International Economics,1979.vol.9:462-479.
[305]Paul Samuelson.The Transfer Problem and Transport Costs:The Terms of Trade When Impediments are Absent[J].Economic Journal.1952.Vol.62:278-304.
[306]Peter K.Schott.One Size Fits All?Heckscher-Ohlin Specialization in Global Production”,American Economic Review.June 2003.Vol.93,No.3:686-708.
[307]Pol Antras,Elhanan Helpman.Global Sourcing[J].Journal of Political Economy,2004,vol.112,no.3:552-580.
[308]Pol Antras.Firms,Contracts,and Trade Structure[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics.November 2003.Vol.118,No.4:1375-1418.
[309]Pol Antras.Incomplete Contracts and the Product Cycle[J].The American Economic Review.September 2005.Vol.95,No.4:1054-1073.
[310]Pol,Antr(?)s,Elhanan Helpman.Global sourcing[J],Journal of Political Economy,2004,Vol.112.No.3:552-580.
[311]R.C.O.Matthews.Reciprocal Demand and In Creasing Returns[J].Review of Economic Studies.1949-1950.Vol.17,No.2:149-158.
[312]Rajat Acharyya,Ronald W.Jones.Export Quality and Income Distribution in a Small Dependent Economy[J].International Review of Economics and Finance.10,2001:227-351.
[313]Raveendra N.Batra,Francisco.R.Casas.A Synthesis of the Heckscher-Ohlin and the Neoclassical Models of International Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.February.Vol.6,No.1:21-38.
[314]Richard.A.Brecher,Robert.C.Feenstra.International Trade and Capital Mobility Between Diversified Economies[J].Journal of International Economics.May 1983.Vol.14,No.3-4:321-339.
[315]Richard A.Brecher,Carlos Diaz-Alejandro.Tariffs,Foreign Capital and Immiserizing Growth[J].Journal of International Economics.November 1977.Vol.7,No.4:317-322.
[316]Richard E.Caves.Intra-industry trade and Market Structure in Industrial Countries[J].Oxford Economic Papers.July 1981.Vol.33,No.2:203-223.
[317]Richard Pomfret,R.On the Division of Labour and International Trade to Adam Smith's Explanation of Intra-industry Trade[J].Journal of Economic Studies.1986.Vol.13,No.4:56-63.
[318]Robert A.Mundell.International Trade and Factor Mobility[J].American Economic Review.1957.Vol.47:321-335.
[319]Robert.C.Feenstra,Gordon.H.Hanson.Productivity Measurement and the Impact of Trade and Technology on Wages:Estimates for the U.S.,1972-1990[J].P17-19.NBER Working Paper No.6052.June 1997.
[320]Robert.C.Feenstra,Gordon.H.Hanson.Global Sourcing,Outsourcing,and Wage Inequality[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 1996.Vol.86,No.2:240-245.
[321]Robert.C.Feenstra,Gordon.H.Hanson.Ownership and Control in Outsourcing to China:Estimating the Property- Rights Theory of the Firm[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics.May 2005:729-761.
[322]Robert.C.Feenstra,Gordon.H.Hanson.The Impact of Outsourcing and High-Technology Capital on Wages:Estimates for the United States:1979-1990[J]:The Quarterly Journal of Economics.August 1999:907-939.
[323]Robert C.Feenstra,James R.Markusen,Andrew K.Rose.Using the Gravity Equation to Differentiate Among Alternative Theories of Trade[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.May 2001.Vol.34,No.2:430-447.
[324]Robert C.Feenstra,James R.Markusen.Accouting for Growth with New Inputs[J].International Economic Review.Vol.32,No.2,May 1994:429-447.
[325]Robert.C.Feenstra.Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy[J].Journal of Economic Perspectives.Vol.12,No.4,Fall 1998:31-50.
[326]Robert C.Feenstra.Border Effects and the Gravity Equation:Consistent Methods for Estimation[J].Scottish Journal of Political Economy.Vol.49,No.5,November 2002:491-506.
[327]Robert C.Feenstra.On the Measurement of Product Variety in Trade[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 2004.Vol.94,No.2:145-149.
[328]Robert C.Feenstra.Trade and Uneven Growth[J].Journal of Development Economics.1996,Vol.49:229-256.
[329]Robert C.Feenstra.Advanced International Trade,Theory and Evidence[M],University of California,Davis,and National Bureau of Economic Research,August 2002.
[330]Robert Davids.Trade Overlap and Intra-industry Trade:Comment[J].Economic Inquiry.July 1978.Vol.ⅩⅥ:470-473.
[331]Robert E.Baldwin,R.S.Hilton.A Technique for Indicating Comparative Costs and Predicting Changes in Trade Ratios[J].Review of Economics and Statistics.February 1984.Vol.66,No.1:105-110.
[332]Robert E.Baldwin.The Case Against Infant-Industry Protection[J].Journal of Political Economy.1969,Vol.77:295-303.
[333]Robert E.Baldwin.Determinants of the Commodity Structure of U.S.Trade[J].American Economic Review.March 1971.Vol.61,No.1:126-146.
[334]Robert E.Baldwin,Glen G.Cain.Shifts in Relative U.S.Wages:The Role of Trade,Technology and Factor Endowments[J].Review of Economics and Statistics.November 2000.Vol.82,No.4:580-595.
[335]Robert J.Barro.Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of Countries[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.May 1991.Vol.106,No.2:407-443
[336]Rodney E.Falvey.Commercial Policy and Intra-industry Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.November 1981.Vol.11,No.4:495-511.
[337]Ronald Findlay,Ronald W.Jones.Input trade and the location of production[J].AEA Paper and Proceedings.May 2001.Vol.91 No.2.:29-33.
[338]Ronald W Jones.Trade Theory and Factor Intensities:An Interpretive Essay[J].Review of International Economics,2002.10(4):581-603.
[339]Ronald W.Jones.Variable Returns to Scale in General Equilibrium Theory[J].International Economic Review.October,1968.Vol.9,No.3:261-272.
[340]Ronald W.Jones,Sugata Marjit.A Simple Production Model With Stolper-Samuelson Properties[J].International Economic Review.Vol.26,No.3,October,1985:565-567.
[341]Ronald W.Jones,Sugata Marjit.The Role of International Fragmentation in the Development Process[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 2001.Vol.91,No.2:363-366.
[342]Ronald W.Jones,Sugata Marjit.Labor-Market Aspects of Enclave-Led Growth[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.November 1995:76-93.
[343]Ronald W Jones.Distortion in Factor Markets and the General Equilibrium Model of Production[J].Journal of Political Economy.Vol.79,No.3,May-June,1971:437-459.
[344]Ronald W.Jones.America's High-Tech Industries:Tyson's Policy Proposal[J].Journal of the Economics of Business.Vol.1,No.l,1994:151-157.
[345]Ronald W.Jones.Income Effects and Paradoxes in the Theory of International Trade[J].The Economic Journal.95,June 1985:330-344.
[346]Ronald W.Jones,Henryk Kierzkowski.International Fragmentation and the New Economic Geography[J].North American Journal of Economics and Finance.16,2005:1-10.
[347]Ronald W.Jones,Hamid Beladi,Sugata Marjit.The Three Faces of Factor Intensities[J].Journal of International Economics.48,1999:413-420.
[348]Ronald W.Jones.Protectionism,Export Requirements,and Joint Ventures[J].Review of Development Economics.1999,3(3):231-241.
[349]Ronald W.Jones,Barbara J.Spencer.Raw Material,Processing Activities,and Protectionism[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.August 1989.Vol.ⅩⅫ,No.3:469-486.
[350]Ronald W.Jones.Technical Progress,Price Adjustment,and Wages[J].Review of International Economics.2000,8(3):497-503.
[351]Ronald W.Jones,Jose A.Scheinkman.The Relevance of the Two-Sector Production Model in Trade Theory[J].Journal of Political Economy.1977.Vol.85,No.5:909-935.
[352]Ronald W.Jones.The Transfer Problem in a Three-Agent Setting[J].Canadian Journal of Economics.Februery 1984.Vol.ⅩⅦ,No.1:1-14.
[353]Ronald W.Jones,Roy J.Ruffin.Trade and Wages:a Deeper Investigation[J].Review of International Economics.2008,16(2):234-249.
[354]Ronald W.Jones,Stanley L.Engerman.Trade,Technology,and Wages:A Tale of Two Countries[J].AEA Papers and Proceeding.May 1996.Vol.86,No.2:35-40.
[355]Ronald Findlay,Ronald W.Jones.Input Trade and the Location of Production[J].AEA Papers and Proceedings.May 2001,Vol.91,No.2:29-33.
[356]Roy J.Ruffin.The Missing Link:The Ricardian Approach to the Factor Endowments Theory of Trade [J].American Economic Review.September 1988.Vol.78,No.4:759-772.
[357]Roy J.Ruffin.Quasi-Specific Factors:Worker Comparative Advantage in the Two Sector Production Model[J].Journal of International Economics.April 2001.Vol.53,No.2:445-461.
[358]Rudiger Dornbusch,Stanley Fischer,Paul A.Samuelson.Comparative Advantage,Trade,and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods[J],American Economic Review,1977.67(5),December:823-839.
[359]Rudiger Dornbusch,Stanley Fischer,and Paul A.Samuelson.Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory with a Continuum of Goods[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.September 1980.Vol.95,No.2:203-224.
[360]Russell HiUberry,David Hummels.International Home Bias:Some Explanation[J].The Review of Economics and Statistics.November 2003.85(4):1089-1092.
[361]S.Lael Brainard.An Empirical Assessment of the Proximity-Concentration Trade-off between Multinational Sales and Trade[J].American Economic Review,September.September 1997.Vol.87,No.4:520-544.
[362]Sanford J.Grossman,Oliver D.Hart.The Costs and Benefits of Ownership:A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration[J].Journal of Political Economy.August 1986.Vol.94,No.4:691-719.
[363]Satya P.Das,Donnenfeld Shabtai.Oligopolistic Competition and International Trade:Quantity and Quality Restrictions[J].Journal of International Economics.November 1989.Vol.27,No.3-4:299-318.
[364]Stanffan B.Linder.An Essay On Trade and Transformation[M].Garland Pub,1983.
[365]Stanley L.Engerman,Ronald W.Jones.International Labor Flows and National Wages[J].Economic Development and International Trade.Vol.87,No.2:200-204.
[366]Stephen Hymer.The Efficiency(Contradiction) of Multinational Corporations[J].American Economic Review.May 1970.Vol.60,No.2:441-448.
[367]Teit Lvthje.Vertical Specialization Across Developed Countries[J].The International Trade Journal.Volume ⅪⅩ,No.3,Fall 2005:193-216.
[368]Teit Lvthje.Vertical Specialization Between Developed and Developing Countries:A Modification of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model[J].The International Trade Journal.Volume ⅩⅩ,No.4,Winter 2006:407-427.
[369]Victor.D.Norman.Assessing Trade and Welfare Effects of Trade Liberalization[J].European Economic Review.June 1990.Vol.34,No.4:725-745.
[370]Victor D.Norman,Anthony J.Venables.International Trade,Factor Mobility and Trade Costs[J].Economic Journal,November 1995.Vol.105,No.433:1488-1504.
[371]Wilfred J.Either.Some of the Theorems of International Trade with Many Good and Factors[J]Journal of International Economics.May 1974.Vol.4,No.2:199-206.
[372]Wilfred J.Ethier.Internationally Decreasing Costs and World Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.February 1979.Vol.9,No.1:1-24.
[373]Wilfred J.Either.National and International Returns to Scale In Modern Theory of International Trade [J].American Economic Review.June 1982.Vol.70,No.3:389-405.
[374]Wilfred J.Either,James g.Markusen.The Multinaltional Firm,Technology Diffusion and Trade[J].Journal of International Economics.August 1996.Vol.41,No.1-2:1-28.
[375]Wilfred J.Either.Regionalism in a Multilateral World[J].Journal of Political Economy.December 1998.Vol.106,No.6:1214-1245.
[376]Young Sun Lee.Intra-industry Trade in the Pacific Basin[J].International Economic Journal.April 1987.Vol.1,No.1:75-90.
1 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
2 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
3 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
4 苏东水.产业经济学[C].P22-23.高等教育出版社.2000年2月第l版.
5 Lancaster,K.Variety,Equity and Efficiency,Basil Black-well.
6 Dixit,A.K and Stiglitz,J.E.Monopolistic competition and optimal product diversity[J].P297.American Economic Review.Jun.1977.Vol.67,No.3.:297-308.
7 强永昌.产业内贸易论——国际贸易最新理论[M].P22.复旦大学出版社.2002年9月第一版.
8 Falvey,R.E.Commercial policy and intra-industry trade[J].P496.Journal of International Economics,1981.Vol.11:495-511.
9 J.M.Finger.Trade overlap and intra-industry trade[J].P583 Economic Inquiry.Dec.1975.Vol.Ⅻ Ⅰ:581-589.
10 Avinash K.Dixit and Gene.M.Grossman.Trade and protection with multistage production[J].P584.Review of Economic Study.1982.XLIX:583-594.
11 强永昌.产业内贸易论——国际贸易最新理论[M].P25.复旦大学出版社.2002年9月第一版.
12 亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上卷)[M].P8.商务印书馆.1981年.
13 亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(下卷)[M].P29-30.商务印书馆.1981年.
14 亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上卷)[M].P30.商务印书馆.1981年.
15 大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].P112.商务印书馆.1972年.
16 大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].P113-114.商务印书馆.1972年.
17 大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理.[M]P115.商务印书馆.1972年.
18 大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].P119.商务印书馆.1972年.
19 大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].P267.商务印书馆.1972年.
20 弗里德里希·李斯特.政治经济学的自然体系[M].P33,商务印书馆.1997年。
21 中国人民大学政治经济学教研室,北京市财政贸易干部学校资料研究室,北京对外贸易学院对外贸易教研组等单位集体合编.马克思,恩格斯,列宁,斯大林有关财政贸易的理论[C].P496-497.科学出版社.1962年6月第一版.
22 中国人民大学政治经济学教研室,北京市财政贸易干部学校资料研究室,北京对外贸易学院对外贸易教研组等单位集体合编.马克思,恩格斯,列宁,斯大林有关财政贸易的理论[C].P497-498.科学出版社.1962年6月第一版.
23 中国人民大学政治经济学教研室,北京市财政贸易干部学校资料研究室,北京对外贸易学院对外贸易教研组等单位集体合编.马克思,恩格斯,列宁,斯大林有关财政贸易的理论[C].P502.科学出版社.1962年6月第一版.
24 贝蒂尔·俄林.地区间贸易和国际贸易[M].P6首都经济贸易大学出版社2001年9月第1版。
25 Avinash.K.Dixlt,Joseph E.Stiglitz.Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity[J].The American Economic Review.Jun.,1977.Vol.67,No.3:297-308.
26 Avinash.K.Dixlt,Joseph E.Stiglitz.Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity[J].P297.American Economic Review.Jun.,1977.Vol.67,No.3:297-308
27 强永昌.产业内贸易论——国际贸易最新理论[M].P91.复旦大学出版社.2002年9月第一版.
28 强永昌.产业内贸易论——国际贸易最新理论[M].P171-172.复旦大学出版社2002年9月第1版。
29 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
30 请参考:克鲁格曼(1995),菲斯塔和汉森(1996,1997),菲斯塔(1998),,蒂尔朵夫(1998),琼斯和科兹考斯基(1997),迪克西特和格罗斯曼(1982),安特(1997),巴拉萨(1967),凡德雷(Ronald Findlay1978),耶特(1998).
31 David Hummels,lshii Jun,Kei-Mu Yi.The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade[J].P78.Journal of International Economics,2001,54:75-96.
32 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.
33 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
34 卢锋.产品内分工[J].P61.经济学(季刊).2004(10):55-82.
35 田文.产品内贸易的定义、计量及比较分析[J].P77.财贸经济.2005(5):77-79.
36 胡昭玲.国际垂直专业化与贸易理论的相关拓展[J].P135.经济评论.2007(2):135-139.
37 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
38 田文.产品内贸易的定义、计量及比较分析[J].P77.财贸经济.2005(5):77-79.
39 卢锋.产品内分工[J].P61-2.经济学(季刊).2004(10):55-82.
40 田文.产品内贸易的定义、计量及比较分析[J].P77.财贸经济.2005(5):77-79.
41 卢锋.产品内分工[J].P61-2.经济学(季刊).2004(10):55-82.
42 参考休谟斯、君和易(2001),易(2003)的实证研究。
43 Oliver E.Williamson.The Vertical Integration of Production:Market Failure Considerations[J].American Economic Review.May 1971.Vol.61.No.2:112-123.
44 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].P46.宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
45 张纪.产品内国际分工的收益分配——基于笔记本电脑商品链的分析[J].P40-41.中国工业经济.2006(7):36-44.
46 Kalyan K.Sanyal.Vertical specialization in a Ricardian model with a continuum of stage of production[J].Economica.50.February.1983:71-78.
47 卢锋.产品内分工[J].P73.经济学(季刊).2004(10)
48 K.Jeske,A Dynamic Model with Vertical Specialization,Credit Chains,and Incomplete Enforcement[J]Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Working Paper 2002-21 November 2002.
49 80年代的两阶段和多阶段生产模型、2003年易的动态李嘉图垂直专业化模型等,都是以完全竞争和同质性产品为假设前提的。
50 R.Dornbusch,S.Fischer,P.A.Samuelson.Comparative advantage,trade,and payments in a Ricardian model with a continuum of goods[J].The American Economic Review,Vol.67,No.5,(Dec.1977),pp.823-839.
51 此处的劳动增长率并不是劳动的自然增长率。如果发现生产产品Y更加有利可图,其它产业的劳动会向产品Y进行转移,所以在短期内,劳动增长率也是一个变量,并不是完全固定的。
52 也可以设定一个z_1……z_n将产品Y的生产划分成n+1个生产阶段,其原理与两阶段生产模式一样。
53 关税和运输成本不是相对指标,是因为本节分析的产业内垂直分工是FH型的产业内垂直分工,即F国生产劳动密集型工序产品,然后出口给H国进行资本密集型工序的再加工。至于成本卖往F国是否有关税和运输成本,并不影响两国的产业内垂直分工水平。
54 卢锋.产品内分工[J].P71.经济学(季刊).2004(10)
55 按照马克思的思想,劳动可以分为简单劳动和复杂劳动,复杂劳动是简单劳动的加总。本国的劳动被分配到产品设计和组装,以及中间品制造两个领域,产品设计和组装的劳动相比中间品制造环节的劳动,是复杂劳动,所以,文中的、w~H和w~F都是简单劳动的价格,f_n是折算成简单劳动的劳动数量。由简单劳动转变成复杂劳动的唯一途径,就是人力资本投资。
56 p~i=w~i/(1-1/ε)=w~i/[1-(1-α)]=w~i/α。
57 S~H=A(p~H)~(1-t) -w~HA(p~H)~(-t)=[1-w~H α/w~H]A(w~H/α)~(1-t)=(1-α)A(w~H/α)~(1-t)。S~F=p~F A(ηp~F)~(-t)=w~FA(ηp~F)~(-t)=η~(-t)(1-α)A(w~F/α)~(1-t)
58 最终品生产商支付给中间品供应商的报酬分为两个部分,即利润S~1/2和可变成本、w~1y,经过简单计算可得出该式子。
59 推导过程见附录一。
60 推导过程见附录二。
61 推导过程见附录三。
62 假如m~H上升,H国的市场厚度增加,H国中间品供应商的利润水平上升,更多的中间品供应商会进入H国,F国的采购就会减少;m~H下降,最终品供应商会将采购的重点放到F国,F国的中间品供应商利润水平上升,导致m~F上升。
63 具体推导过程可以参考本章第二节中的推导过程。
64 Kei-Mu Yi,Can Vertical Specialization Explain the Growth of world Trade?[J].P54.Journal of political Economy.2003.vol.111.no.1:52-102.
65 Kei-Mu Yi,Can Vertical Specialization Explain the Growth of world Trade?[J].P60.Journal of political Economy.2003.vol.111.no.1:52-102.
66 隋广军.产业演进及其微观基础研究[M].P3.经济科学出版社.2007年3月第一版.
67 数据来源:科学技术部发展计划司科技统计报告第23期(总第414期).2007年12月8日.
68 数据来源:科学技术部发展计划司科技统计报告第23期(总第414期).2007年12月8日.
69 数据来源:科学技术部发展计划司科技统计报告第23期(总第414期).2007年12月8日.
70 参见联合国欧洲经济委员会.20世纪90年代期间的欧洲经济委员会地区内的技术活动[R].2001年欧 洲经济概览,纽约2002年联合国版.
71 卡齐米耶日·Z·波兹南斯基著,佟宪国译.全球化的负面影响——东欧国家的民族资本被剥夺[M].P55.经济管理出版社.2004年5月第1版.
72 刘昌黎.日本对外投资的新衰退及其展望[J].P16.现代日本.2003(2):16-21.
73 胡春力.垂直分工与东南亚金融危机[J].宏观经济研究.1999(1):43-48.
74 卡齐米耶日·Z·波兹南斯基著,佟宪国译.全球化的负面影响——东欧国家的民族资本被剥夺[M].P33.经济管理出版社.2004年5月第1版.
75 Karsten Jeske.A dynamic model with vertical specialization,credit chains,and incomplete enforcement[R].Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Working Paper 2002-21,November 2002.
76 Gene M.Grossman,Elhanan Helpman.Outsourcing versus FDI in industry equilibrium[J].Journal of the European Economic Association,April-May,2003,1(2-3):317-327.
77 数据来源:UNCTAD,基于FDI/TNC数据库,UNCTAD,Globstat数据库和IFS,2008年6月。
78 W.W.罗斯托.贺立平译.从起飞进入持续增长的经济学(修订本)[M].四川人民出版社.1998年4月第1版第1次印刷.
79 David Hummels,Ishii Jun,Kei-Mu Yi.The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade [J].Journal of International Economics,2001,54:75-96.
80 Robert C.Feenstra,GH.Hanson.Productivity Measurement and the Impact of Trade and Technology on Wages:Estimates for the U.S.,1972-1990[J].P17-19.NBER Working Paper No.6052.June 1997.
81 Francis Ng,Alexander J.Yeats.Production Sharing in East Asia- Who Does What for Whom,and Why?[J].Policy Research Working Paper 2197.The World Bank Development Research Group Trade.October 1999:1-57.
82 参考本文第三章。
83 中间产品的划分也是一个非常有争议的问题。同一个产品,不同的人会采用不同的划分标准。有人会将它划入到中间产品的范畴,有人会将它划入到最终品的范畴。
84 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P81.Economic Policy Review(19320426).1998 Jun98:75-96.
85 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P81.Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.
86 R.C.Feenstra,G.H.Hanson.Productivity measurement and the impact of trade and technology on wages:estimates for the U.S.,1972-1990[J].P43.NBER Working Paper No.6052.June 1997.
87 R.C.Feenstra,G.H.Hanson.Productivity measurement and the impact of trade and technology on wages:estimates for the U.S.,1972-1990[J].P17-19.NBER Working Paper No.6052.June 1997.
88 J.Campa,L.S.Goldberg.The evolving external orientation of manufacturing industries:evidence from four countries[J].NBER Working Paper No.5919.February 1997.
89 Alexander J.Yeats.Just how big is global production sharing?[J].P3 Policy Research Working Paper.The World Bank Development Research Group January 1998.1871.
90 北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组.中国出口中的垂直专门化与中美贸易[J].P8.世界经济.2006(5):3-11.
91 北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组.中国出口中的垂直专门化与中美贸易[J].P9.世界经济.2006(5):3-11.
92 刘志彪,刘晓昶.垂直专业化:经济全球化中的贸易和生产模式[J].P8.经济理论与经济管理.2001(10):5-10.
93 刘志彪,吴福象.贸易一体化与生产非一体化——基于经济全球化两个重要假说的实证研究[J].P88.中国社会科学.2006(2):80-92
94 张小蒂,孙景蔚.基于垂直专业化分工的中国产业国际竞争力分析[J].P17.世界经济.2006(5):12-21.
95 黄先海,韦畅.中国制造业出口垂直专业化程度的测量与分析[J].P158.管理世界.2007(4):158-159
96 黄先海,韦畅.中国制造业出口垂直专业化程度的测量与分析[J].P159.管理世界.2007(4):158-159
97 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P84.Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.图中,上面的曲线包含石油的进口,下面的曲线不包含石油的进口。
98 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P84.Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.图中,上面的曲线包含石油的进口,下面的曲线不包含石油的进口。
99 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P86. Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.
100 David Hummels,Rapoport,Dana.Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade[J],P84.Economic Policy Review(19320426).Jun98:75-96.
101 参考第七章中国学者的实证研究。
102 我国初级产品进口主要是原油、成品油、煤炭、大豆等资源类产品。
103 数据来源:中华人民共和国海关总署海关统计分析报告2009-02-11。
104 数据来源:新中国50年统计资料汇编。
105 数据来源:新中国50年统计资料汇编。
106 中共十七大报告。
107 数据来源:中华人民共和国海关总署海关统计.
108 北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组.中国出口中的垂直专门化与中美贸易[J].P6.世界经济.2006(5):3-11.
109 Kyoji Fukao,Young Gak Kim,Hyeog Ug Kwon.Plant Turnover and TFP Dynamics in Japanese Manufacturing.CEI Working Paper Series,No.2006-17.
Shujiro Urata.Japan-USA EPA:Benefits and Obstacles.November 27,2007.
110 黄勇峰,任若恩.中美两国制造业全要素生产率比较研究[J].P14.经济学(季刊)2002(10):161-180.
杨桂元、王莉莉.我国制造业技术进步、技术效率及区域差异[J].P112.技术经济2008(1):110-115.
陈勇、李小平.中国工业行业的技术进步与工业经济转型[J].P57.管理世界2007(6):56-63.
111 颜鹏飞、王兵.技术效率、技术进步与生产率增长:基于DEA的实证分析[J].经济研究.2004(12):55-65.
112 数据来源主要是中国各年的统计年鉴、《新中国50年统计资料汇编》等。出于分析的需要,本表没有将技术效率和技术进步进一步分解的指标纳入进来。
113 东莞年鉴2008。
114 东莞市经济贸易局、东莞市中小企业局.东莞中小企业调研报告汇编[C].P80.2008年8月。
115 东莞年鉴2008。
116 东莞年鉴2008。
117 东莞年鉴2008。
118 东莞市经济贸易局、东莞市中小企业局.东莞中小企业调研报告汇编[C].P58.2008年8月。
119 东莞市经济贸易局、东莞市中小企业局.东莞中小企业调研报告汇编[C].P29.2008年8月。
120 东莞市经济贸易局、东莞市中小企业局.东莞中小企业调研报告汇编[C].P70-71.2008年8月。
121 资料来源:国家海关总署。
122 资料来源:国家海关总署。
123 Alexander J.Yeats.Just how big is global production sharing?[J].P4 Policy Research Working Paper.The World Bank Development Research Group January 1998.1871.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |