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淮南煤田煤地球化学对岩浆侵入的响应研究
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摘要
煤是我国重要能源之一,淮南煤田为我国东部最重要的能源基地,煤田北部岩浆岩广泛发育,岩浆侵入对煤炭安全开采、煤层气勘探和开发有重要影响,因此,煤地球化学对岩浆侵入响应的研究具有重要理论和现实意义。
     本文以淮南煤田岩浆侵入影响的煤层为例,采集了砂岩、天然焦、侵入岩、砂质泥岩和煤样品,利用薄片光学、X射线衍射、扫描电镜能谱、X射线荧光、电感耦合等离子体原子发射谱和质谱等测试和分析了样品的微观结构、矿物组成和元素含量,结合煤地质学、岩石学、矿物学和元素地球化学等学科交叉理论,对淮南煤田煤地球化学对岩浆侵入的响应规律等科学问题进行了研究。
     分析了岩浆侵入体剖面孔裂隙发育、岩性演化、矿物组成和元素含量变化的特征。通过薄片光学观察,探讨了天然焦孔裂隙发育程度和孔径大小与侵入岩的关系,并评价了天然焦的瓦斯赋存条件。对比研究了岩浆侵入对水分、挥发分、硫分、碳、氢和氮等煤质参数的影响。基于天然焦中矿物赋存特征的研究,将淮南煤田岩浆热液划分为富Ca、Mg和Fe,富Si,富Fe和H2S三个期次。在对各类型岩石的元素含量特征和矿物组成差异深入研究的基础上,结合元素的地球化学性质,发现煤中Mn与侵入岩浆直接相关,Fe、Ca、S、Si、 Mg、Zn、Cd和Pb由岩浆热液带入,Si、Co和Ni与接触热变质作用导致灰分产率的增加有关,B挥发损失,P、Ga、Ge和Sr由地下水流动带入,而K、Na和Ba则淋溶带出,从而揭示了岩浆、岩浆热液和地下水与煤的物质交换作用机理,建立了淮南煤田侵入岩与煤物质交换的地球化学模式。
Coal is one of the most important energy resource in China. The Huainan Coalfield, as the biggest energy base in eastern China, where magma was widely intruded in coal measures in northern part. Safe coal mining, coalbed methane exploration and development were greatly influenced by igneous rocks. Thus, the study on geochemical responses of coal to igneous intrusion are of theoretical and practical significance.
     The microstructure, minerals, major and trace elements of sandstone, natural coke, igneous rock, sandy mudstone, and coal samples collected from a representative profile in the Huainan Coalfield were determined by optical microscope, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopes with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry. The geochemical responses of coal to igneous intrusion in the Huainan Coalfield were discussed in detail.
     The characteristics of pore and fracture development, lithologic evolution, minerals deposition, major and trace elements variation in intrusive sill were investigated. The relation of the size of pore and degree of fracture development of natural coke to igneous rock, and the condition for coalbed methane storage and migration were elaborated. The impacts of igneous intrusion on moisture, volatile matter, sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen of coal were elucidated. In view of the vertical distribution and occurrence of minerals in the profile of natural coke, three stages of hydrothermal fluids, i.e., Ca, Mg, and Fe-rich, Si-rich, and Fe and H2S-rich, accompanying igneous intrusion in the Huainan Coalfield, were identified. Based on the minerals and concentrations of elements of various rocks, and its geochemical properties, the mechanism of chemicals exchange between intrusive igneous rock and coal was presented. Results indicated that Fe, Ca, S, Si, Mg, Zn, Cd, and Pb were carried into natural coke through hydrothermal fluids; the concentrations of Si, Co, and Ni in natural coke increased in correspondence with the rise of ash yields caused by contact metamorphism, while B in coal volatilized; Mn directly related to the intrusive magma; P, Ga, Ge, and Sr were brought into coal by groundwater, however, K, Na, and Ba were leached out.
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