利用两种大型海藻制备生物能源的探索研究
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摘要
生物质燃料乙醇和沼气都属于发展潜力巨大的生物质能源,大力发展生物质燃料乙醇和沼气对解决当今能源危机、环境污染问题和促进我国经济发展具有重要意义。
本文就海带化工废弃物——海带渣糖化技术、浒苔糖化技术及初步酒精发酵技术、海带沼气发酵技术、浒苔沼气发酵技术进行了可行性研究。
1、海带渣总糖含量为52.6%,海带渣总糖中葡萄糖含量占90.9%,另外还有少量的半乳糖、甘露糖和木糖,这说明海带渣是非常优良的能源生物质。
2、海带渣糖化工艺采取稀硫酸预处理后纤维素酶酶解产糖工艺。海带渣最佳稀硫酸预处理条件为预处理温度121℃、硫酸浓度0.6%、预处理时间60 min,此时海带渣纤维素酶解产糖可达187.8 mg/g干藻。
3、优化了预处理海带渣纤维素酶酶解产糖工艺。各因素对海带渣酶解产糖的影响依次为:pH>温度>时间>酶用量,海带渣纤维素酶解产糖的最佳条件为温度45℃、pH5.2、时间48小时、酶用量16 mg/g干藻,此时糖产量为238.9 mg/g干藻。
4、浒苔总糖含量为67.2%,浒苔总糖主要有葡萄糖、木糖、葡萄糖醛酸和鼠李糖组成,其中葡萄糖和木糖可以做为酒精发酵的原料,这两种糖占总糖含量的51%。
5、以鲜浒苔为原料研究了浒苔稀硫酸水解工艺和纤维素酶酶解工艺。发现浒苔酸水解产糖效果明显优于纤维素酶酶解。
6、以干浒苔为原料研究了浒苔酸解工艺。硫酸水解干浒苔产糖能力优于盐酸、磷酸和马来酸,水解时间为60 min、硫酸浓度为1.8%的时候可用于酒精发酵的糖(葡萄糖和木糖)总产量达到最大值为230.5 mg/g干浒苔,占此条件下总还原糖产量的48.6%。同时发现干浒苔比鲜浒苔更易被硫酸水解产糖。
7、初步研究了浒苔酒精发酵工艺。初步工艺中酒精产量较低、测得酒精在发酵液中浓度为0.23%(v/v),后续工作中需要对酒精发酵工艺进行优化。
8、海带与牛粪比例为4:1(w/w)是海带与牛粪联合厌氧消化的最佳比例,此时产气时间最长,达到37天,总产气量最高,达到13600 mL。
9、在海带与牛粪联合厌氧消化中,增加接种量到15 g(干重)时发酵周期为39天,总产气量为14630 mL,TS产气量为152.4 mL/gTS,接种量为21 g(干重)时发酵周期为36天,总产气量为14090 mL,TS产气量为138.1 mL/gTS,可见适当增加接种量可促进产气量的增加。
10、浒苔与牛粪比例为4:2(w/w)是浒苔与牛粪联合厌氧消化的最佳比例,此时产气时间为33天,总产气量最高达到6785 mL。
11、在浒苔与牛粪联合厌氧消化中,增加接种量到7.5 g(干重)时发酵周期为38天,总产气量为7470 mL,TS产气量为155.6 mL/gTS,接种量为10.5 g(干重)时发酵周期也为38天,总产气量为7020 mL,TS产气量为137.6 mL/gTS,可见增加接种量可促进产气量的增加。
Feng Dawei (Marine Pharmacy) Directed by prof. Qin Song
Fuel ethanol and biogas are both kinds of promising bio-energy. It’s important to develop fuel ethanol and biogas to solve the energy crisis and environmental crisis, and it’s also meaningful to develop the economy of our country.
Studies below were included: saccharification of Laminaria residue(waste of Laminaria industry); saccharification and preliminary ethanol fermentation of Enteromorpha; biogas fermentation of Laminaria; biogas fermentation of Enteromorpha.
1, The content of total sugars of Laminaria residue was 52.6%. The polysaccharides of Laminaria residue was composed of 90.9% glucose and a little galactose, mannose and xylose. Laminaria residue was proved to be good material of energy biomass.
2, H2SO4 pretreatment of Laminaria residue before enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase was investigated. When the Laminaria residue was pretreated by 0.6% sulfuric acid that the tempreture was 121℃and the hydrolyzing time was 60 min, the yield of glucose was 187.8 mg/g dry sample after enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase.
3, The enzymatic hydrolysis process of pretreated Laminaria residue by cellulase was optimized. The optimal condition was as following: temperature 45℃, pH 5.2, hydrolyzing time 48h, enzyme loading 16 mg/g dry sample, the yield of glucose after enzymatic hydrolysis was 238.9 mg /g dry sample.
4, The content of total sugars of Enteromorpha was 67.2%. The polysaccharides of Enteromorpha was composed of glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose. Glucose and xylose were good material for ethanol fermentation. They accounted for 51% of total sugars of Enteromorpha.
5, The processes of acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis for fresh Enteromorpha was studied. The process of acid hydrolysis was proved to be much better than enzymatic hydrolysis.
6, The process of acid hydrolysis for dry Enteromorpha was studied. H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4 and malelic acid were used in this study. It was showed that H2SO4 is the best of the 4 kinds of acids. When the concentration of the sulfuric acid was 1.8% and the hydrolyzing time was 60 min, the yield of ethanol fermentable sugars (glucose and xylose) was 230.5 mg/g dry sample which accounted for 48.6% of total reducing sugars. It was proved that the dry Enteromorpha was easier to be hydrolyzed by acid than the fresh one.
7, The ethanol fermentation process of Enteromorpha was studied. The ethanol yield was low, the content of ethanol in the fermentative liquid was only 0.23%(v/v), The ethanol fermentation process should be optimized in the follow study.
8, The best ratio for Laminaria and cattle manure anaerobic co-digestion was 4:1(Laminaria vs cattle manure, w/w). The biogas producing time was 37 days, the total biogas yield was as much as 13600 mL.
9, When the inoculation increased to 15 g(dry basis) in the process of Laminaria and cattle manure anaerobic co-digestion, the biogas producing time was 39 days, the total biogas yield was 14630 mL, the TS biogas yield was 152.4 mL/gTS. When the inoculation increased to 21 g(dry basis), the biogas producing time was 36 days, the total biogas yield was 14090 mL, the TS biogas yield was 138.1 mL/gTS. The total biogas yield could be improved by the proper increase of inoculation.
10, The best ratio for Enteromorpha and cattle manure anaerobic co-digestion was 4:2(Enteromorpha vs cattle manure, w/w). The biogas producing time was 33 days, the total biogas yield was as much as 6785 mL.
11, When the inoculation increased to 7.5 g(dry basis) in the process of Enteromorpha and cattle manure anaerobic co-digestion, the biogas producing time was 38 days, the total biogas yield was 7470 mL, the TS biogas yield was 155.6 mL/gTS. When the inoculation increased to 10.5 g(dry basis), the biogas producing time was also 38 days, the total biogas yield was 7020 mL, the TS biogas yield was 137.6 mL/gTS. The total biogas yield could be improved by the proper increase of inoculation.
本文就海带化工废弃物——海带渣糖化技术、浒苔糖化技术及初步酒精发酵技术、海带沼气发酵技术、浒苔沼气发酵技术进行了可行性研究。
1、海带渣总糖含量为52.6%,海带渣总糖中葡萄糖含量占90.9%,另外还有少量的半乳糖、甘露糖和木糖,这说明海带渣是非常优良的能源生物质。
2、海带渣糖化工艺采取稀硫酸预处理后纤维素酶酶解产糖工艺。海带渣最佳稀硫酸预处理条件为预处理温度121℃、硫酸浓度0.6%、预处理时间60 min,此时海带渣纤维素酶解产糖可达187.8 mg/g干藻。
3、优化了预处理海带渣纤维素酶酶解产糖工艺。各因素对海带渣酶解产糖的影响依次为:pH>温度>时间>酶用量,海带渣纤维素酶解产糖的最佳条件为温度45℃、pH5.2、时间48小时、酶用量16 mg/g干藻,此时糖产量为238.9 mg/g干藻。
4、浒苔总糖含量为67.2%,浒苔总糖主要有葡萄糖、木糖、葡萄糖醛酸和鼠李糖组成,其中葡萄糖和木糖可以做为酒精发酵的原料,这两种糖占总糖含量的51%。
5、以鲜浒苔为原料研究了浒苔稀硫酸水解工艺和纤维素酶酶解工艺。发现浒苔酸水解产糖效果明显优于纤维素酶酶解。
6、以干浒苔为原料研究了浒苔酸解工艺。硫酸水解干浒苔产糖能力优于盐酸、磷酸和马来酸,水解时间为60 min、硫酸浓度为1.8%的时候可用于酒精发酵的糖(葡萄糖和木糖)总产量达到最大值为230.5 mg/g干浒苔,占此条件下总还原糖产量的48.6%。同时发现干浒苔比鲜浒苔更易被硫酸水解产糖。
7、初步研究了浒苔酒精发酵工艺。初步工艺中酒精产量较低、测得酒精在发酵液中浓度为0.23%(v/v),后续工作中需要对酒精发酵工艺进行优化。
8、海带与牛粪比例为4:1(w/w)是海带与牛粪联合厌氧消化的最佳比例,此时产气时间最长,达到37天,总产气量最高,达到13600 mL。
9、在海带与牛粪联合厌氧消化中,增加接种量到15 g(干重)时发酵周期为39天,总产气量为14630 mL,TS产气量为152.4 mL/gTS,接种量为21 g(干重)时发酵周期为36天,总产气量为14090 mL,TS产气量为138.1 mL/gTS,可见适当增加接种量可促进产气量的增加。
10、浒苔与牛粪比例为4:2(w/w)是浒苔与牛粪联合厌氧消化的最佳比例,此时产气时间为33天,总产气量最高达到6785 mL。
11、在浒苔与牛粪联合厌氧消化中,增加接种量到7.5 g(干重)时发酵周期为38天,总产气量为7470 mL,TS产气量为155.6 mL/gTS,接种量为10.5 g(干重)时发酵周期也为38天,总产气量为7020 mL,TS产气量为137.6 mL/gTS,可见增加接种量可促进产气量的增加。
Feng Dawei (Marine Pharmacy) Directed by prof. Qin Song
Fuel ethanol and biogas are both kinds of promising bio-energy. It’s important to develop fuel ethanol and biogas to solve the energy crisis and environmental crisis, and it’s also meaningful to develop the economy of our country.
Studies below were included: saccharification of Laminaria residue(waste of Laminaria industry); saccharification and preliminary ethanol fermentation of Enteromorpha; biogas fermentation of Laminaria; biogas fermentation of Enteromorpha.
1, The content of total sugars of Laminaria residue was 52.6%. The polysaccharides of Laminaria residue was composed of 90.9% glucose and a little galactose, mannose and xylose. Laminaria residue was proved to be good material of energy biomass.
2, H2SO4 pretreatment of Laminaria residue before enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase was investigated. When the Laminaria residue was pretreated by 0.6% sulfuric acid that the tempreture was 121℃and the hydrolyzing time was 60 min, the yield of glucose was 187.8 mg/g dry sample after enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase.
3, The enzymatic hydrolysis process of pretreated Laminaria residue by cellulase was optimized. The optimal condition was as following: temperature 45℃, pH 5.2, hydrolyzing time 48h, enzyme loading 16 mg/g dry sample, the yield of glucose after enzymatic hydrolysis was 238.9 mg /g dry sample.
4, The content of total sugars of Enteromorpha was 67.2%. The polysaccharides of Enteromorpha was composed of glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose. Glucose and xylose were good material for ethanol fermentation. They accounted for 51% of total sugars of Enteromorpha.
5, The processes of acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis for fresh Enteromorpha was studied. The process of acid hydrolysis was proved to be much better than enzymatic hydrolysis.
6, The process of acid hydrolysis for dry Enteromorpha was studied. H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4 and malelic acid were used in this study. It was showed that H2SO4 is the best of the 4 kinds of acids. When the concentration of the sulfuric acid was 1.8% and the hydrolyzing time was 60 min, the yield of ethanol fermentable sugars (glucose and xylose) was 230.5 mg/g dry sample which accounted for 48.6% of total reducing sugars. It was proved that the dry Enteromorpha was easier to be hydrolyzed by acid than the fresh one.
7, The ethanol fermentation process of Enteromorpha was studied. The ethanol yield was low, the content of ethanol in the fermentative liquid was only 0.23%(v/v), The ethanol fermentation process should be optimized in the follow study.
8, The best ratio for Laminaria and cattle manure anaerobic co-digestion was 4:1(Laminaria vs cattle manure, w/w). The biogas producing time was 37 days, the total biogas yield was as much as 13600 mL.
9, When the inoculation increased to 15 g(dry basis) in the process of Laminaria and cattle manure anaerobic co-digestion, the biogas producing time was 39 days, the total biogas yield was 14630 mL, the TS biogas yield was 152.4 mL/gTS. When the inoculation increased to 21 g(dry basis), the biogas producing time was 36 days, the total biogas yield was 14090 mL, the TS biogas yield was 138.1 mL/gTS. The total biogas yield could be improved by the proper increase of inoculation.
10, The best ratio for Enteromorpha and cattle manure anaerobic co-digestion was 4:2(Enteromorpha vs cattle manure, w/w). The biogas producing time was 33 days, the total biogas yield was as much as 6785 mL.
11, When the inoculation increased to 7.5 g(dry basis) in the process of Enteromorpha and cattle manure anaerobic co-digestion, the biogas producing time was 38 days, the total biogas yield was 7470 mL, the TS biogas yield was 155.6 mL/gTS. When the inoculation increased to 10.5 g(dry basis), the biogas producing time was also 38 days, the total biogas yield was 7020 mL, the TS biogas yield was 137.6 mL/gTS. The total biogas yield could be improved by the proper increase of inoculation.
引文
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