碱度对厌氧折流板反应系统启动及优势种群形成的影响
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摘要
本文采用七格室厌氧折流板反应器作为试验装置,以人工配制的糖蜜废水作为试验用水,在进水COD1000mg/L,容积负荷0.8 kg/m3·d,停留时间30h,温度35±1℃,污泥接种量15～25gMLSS/L的条件下,分别采用投加和不投加NaHCO3进行进水碱度调节的方式启动反应器,着重研究碱度对厌氧折流板反应器的启动、运行以及优势种群的形成的影响;确定产氢产乙酸菌群的空间生态位并研究其在厌氧处理体系中的重要作用。
试验表明,不进行进水碱度调节的情况下,反应体系对外界条件的变化敏感,无法实现微生物种群的高度分离,污泥活性低,无法形成颗粒污泥,最终启动失败。
在进行碱度调节的条件下,随进水COD浓度增加而提高进水碱度,最终在进水COD4000 mg/L,容积负荷3.2 kg/m3·d,进水碱度2000 mg/L(以CaCO3计)的条件下,反应器启动成功,COD去除率为93%,进入稳定期,反应器发酵类型以丙酸型发酵为主。启动第40天开始出现颗粒污泥,第90天左右,各格室颗粒污泥成熟。前三个格室的污泥结合成2mm左右、结构相对松散的灰褐色的絮团,中间夹有白色凝胶状物质,后两个格室的颗粒污泥主要为椭球形或球形的亮黑色颗粒,粒径为1.5mm左右,第四、五格室的颗粒污泥主要为扁椭圆盘状,粒径为1.5mm左右。各格室种群分离良好,前三个格室为水解发酵段,第四格室为过渡段,第五格室为产氢产乙酸菌群与产甲烷菌群大量繁殖的场所,第六、七格生存的主要是产甲烷菌群。
试验证明:接种污泥中水解酸化菌群和产甲烷菌群的活性先于产氢产乙酸菌群恢复,然而去除效率的突跃却始于产氢产乙酸菌群活性的提高,产甲烷菌活性总是伴随产氢产乙酸菌活性的提高而提高,产氢产乙酸阶段是位于产甲烷阶段之前的限速步骤。产氢产乙酸阶段和产甲烷阶段,哪个是厌氧反应过程中的首要限速步骤取决于水解酸化阶段末端发酵产物的组成。
在运行稳定期逐步降低进水碱度,结果表明碱度在1500mg/L以上时,COD去除率均保持在90%以上。随着反应体系pH值的降低,水解酸化段后移,水解酸化段末端产物的组成发生变化。SSCP图谱从微观角度证明了在一定范围内,第五格室中的优势种群组成稳定,不受碱度下降的影响。
In this dissertation, An Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) with seven compartments was employed as experimental equipment and the molasses wastewater was elected as experimental objective. Under the condition of inlet COD up to 1000 mg/L, organic load up to 0.8 kg/m3·d, Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) up to 30 h, temperature around 35±1℃, sludge inoculation between 15 and 25 gMLSS/L, the effects of alkalinity on the start-up and operation of the reactor, and formation of predominant community in ABR was investigated. The alkalinity of inlet water was adjusted by the addition of NaHCO3. In the experiment, we determined the spatial niche of acedogenic hydrogenogens and studied its important function in anaerobic treatment system.
The experimental results suggested that the reactor system was sensitive to environmental changes without the regulation of inlet water alkalinity. And the microbial community was not highly separated. The failure of formation of granular activated sludge, due to the low activity of sludge, led to the failure of the start-up.
Under the circumstance of alkalinity regulation; the alkalinity of inlet water was elevated with the increase of COD concentration. Finally with the inlet COD up to 4000 mg/L, organic load up to 3.2 kg/m3·d, and initial alkalinity up to 2000 mg/L, the reactor could be successfully started up and the removal rate of COD reached up to 93%. In steady stage, the main fermentation type of the system was propionic-acid type. The granular sludge appeared in the 40th day during start-up and became grown up in every compartment in 90 days. The sludge granules in the fore-three compartments were loose and brown flocculant microparticles around 2mm diameter and the middle of granules were filled with white gelatinous materials. While the sludge granules in the last two compartments were mainly made up of elliptical or global black bright granula with diameter around 1.5 mm. The sludge granules in the fourth and fifth compartments were mainly flat-elliptical and its diameter was around 1.5mm.
The community in the reactor was separated sufficiently by different compartments when the reactor was started up by means of adjusting the
试验表明,不进行进水碱度调节的情况下,反应体系对外界条件的变化敏感,无法实现微生物种群的高度分离,污泥活性低,无法形成颗粒污泥,最终启动失败。
在进行碱度调节的条件下,随进水COD浓度增加而提高进水碱度,最终在进水COD4000 mg/L,容积负荷3.2 kg/m3·d,进水碱度2000 mg/L(以CaCO3计)的条件下,反应器启动成功,COD去除率为93%,进入稳定期,反应器发酵类型以丙酸型发酵为主。启动第40天开始出现颗粒污泥,第90天左右,各格室颗粒污泥成熟。前三个格室的污泥结合成2mm左右、结构相对松散的灰褐色的絮团,中间夹有白色凝胶状物质,后两个格室的颗粒污泥主要为椭球形或球形的亮黑色颗粒,粒径为1.5mm左右,第四、五格室的颗粒污泥主要为扁椭圆盘状,粒径为1.5mm左右。各格室种群分离良好,前三个格室为水解发酵段,第四格室为过渡段,第五格室为产氢产乙酸菌群与产甲烷菌群大量繁殖的场所,第六、七格生存的主要是产甲烷菌群。
试验证明:接种污泥中水解酸化菌群和产甲烷菌群的活性先于产氢产乙酸菌群恢复,然而去除效率的突跃却始于产氢产乙酸菌群活性的提高,产甲烷菌活性总是伴随产氢产乙酸菌活性的提高而提高,产氢产乙酸阶段是位于产甲烷阶段之前的限速步骤。产氢产乙酸阶段和产甲烷阶段,哪个是厌氧反应过程中的首要限速步骤取决于水解酸化阶段末端发酵产物的组成。
在运行稳定期逐步降低进水碱度,结果表明碱度在1500mg/L以上时,COD去除率均保持在90%以上。随着反应体系pH值的降低,水解酸化段后移,水解酸化段末端产物的组成发生变化。SSCP图谱从微观角度证明了在一定范围内,第五格室中的优势种群组成稳定,不受碱度下降的影响。
In this dissertation, An Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) with seven compartments was employed as experimental equipment and the molasses wastewater was elected as experimental objective. Under the condition of inlet COD up to 1000 mg/L, organic load up to 0.8 kg/m3·d, Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) up to 30 h, temperature around 35±1℃, sludge inoculation between 15 and 25 gMLSS/L, the effects of alkalinity on the start-up and operation of the reactor, and formation of predominant community in ABR was investigated. The alkalinity of inlet water was adjusted by the addition of NaHCO3. In the experiment, we determined the spatial niche of acedogenic hydrogenogens and studied its important function in anaerobic treatment system.
The experimental results suggested that the reactor system was sensitive to environmental changes without the regulation of inlet water alkalinity. And the microbial community was not highly separated. The failure of formation of granular activated sludge, due to the low activity of sludge, led to the failure of the start-up.
Under the circumstance of alkalinity regulation; the alkalinity of inlet water was elevated with the increase of COD concentration. Finally with the inlet COD up to 4000 mg/L, organic load up to 3.2 kg/m3·d, and initial alkalinity up to 2000 mg/L, the reactor could be successfully started up and the removal rate of COD reached up to 93%. In steady stage, the main fermentation type of the system was propionic-acid type. The granular sludge appeared in the 40th day during start-up and became grown up in every compartment in 90 days. The sludge granules in the fore-three compartments were loose and brown flocculant microparticles around 2mm diameter and the middle of granules were filled with white gelatinous materials. While the sludge granules in the last two compartments were mainly made up of elliptical or global black bright granula with diameter around 1.5 mm. The sludge granules in the fourth and fifth compartments were mainly flat-elliptical and its diameter was around 1.5mm.
The community in the reactor was separated sufficiently by different compartments when the reactor was started up by means of adjusting the
引文
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