长江口滨岸湿地环境信息系统研究
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摘要
环境信息系统作为现代计算机技术和信息技术的产物,是地理信息系统(GIS)在环境科学研究中的重要应用,以实现环境信息的收集、存储、加工、传递与更新,为环境管理与环境科学研究服务。环境信息系统在近二十年内取得了惊人的发展,已广泛应用于环境调查、环境质量评价、环境规划与环境模拟等研究,成为一个跨学科、集成多种高新技术的交叉、前沿研究领域。长江口滨岸湿地作为上海城市发展的后备土地资源,随着上海经济的高速发展出现了前所未有的开发热潮。湿地污水排放、垃圾填埋、滩涂围垦等高强度无序的人类活动严重影响了湿地环境保护和可持续利用。
本文以国家自然科学基金重点项目“长江口滨岸潮滩复杂环境条件下物质循环研究”、国家自然科学基会项目“长江口潮滩沉积物—水界面氮的季节性迁移与反硝化作用”、上海市科委和环保局项目“长江口潮滩环境质量调控预测模型研究”、上海市基础研究重点项目“长江口潮滩污染物源汇通量及其生态效应”、教育部优秀青年教师资助计划“长江口滨岸潮滩氮的界面交换通量与循环机制研究”等为依托,以大量野外监测和室内试验所得第一手数据为基础,以长江口地区历史统计资料为辅助,在充分借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,构建了基于组件式GIS技术、数据挖掘技术和空间决策支持技术的长江口滨岸湿地环境信息系统(YETWEIS),并对长江口滨岸湿地环境研究中的关键和难点问题进行了深入探讨,这对推动新技术在环境科学研究中的应用具有重要的实践价值和探索意义。本文研究得到以下7方面成果:
(1) 阐述了湿地环境信息系统开发的理论与技术基础,初步探讨了组件式GIS技术、数据挖掘技术、空间决策支持技术与湿地环境信息系统的整合方式,分析了湿地环境信息系统开发模式、技术路线、总体规划、功能实现,形成了湿地环境信息系统开发的理论与技术体系。
(2) 分析了长江口滨岸湿地环境数据特点、数据源选取与预处理、数据质量控制、数据误差控制、空间与属性数据库构建、数据库链接等,建立了长江口滨岸湿地环境数据组织与管理模式。
As a product of modem computer and information technology, Environmental Information System is an important application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in environmental science. It has been used in acquiring, saving, processing, transferring and maintaining environmental information for environmental management and science study. Since the early 1970s, the importance of the wetland environmental protection has been widely recognized, and computer technologies have been widely used in environmental protection, and a large number of the wetland information system have been developed. Environmental information system has become a general, interdiscipline and advancing field. Yangtze estuary tidal wetland is one of the important land resources in Shanghai city. With the quick development of economy, Yangtze estuary tidal wetland has become an important exploiting area. With sewage drained into tidal wetland, garbage buried in tidal wetland, the tidal wetland was reclaimed. Strong human activity have havocked the environment and baffled the further exploitation of the tidal wetland. Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetland Environmental Information System (YETWEIS) can not only achieve automatization of wetland environmental information management, but also provide a scientific, convenient, and efficient technology support for wetland environmental protection. This system will improve the efficiency of environment management and decision-making, as well as the level of wetland environmental monitoring and controlling.This dissertation was supported by five Foundation items (National Nature Science Key Foundation of China, No. 40131020; National Nature Science Foundation of China, No. 40173030; Shanghai Science Committee and Environmental Bureau Program; Shanghai Basic Science Research Key Program, No. 02DJ14029; Foundation for the Excellent Youth Teacher by the Ministry of Education). Abundant first-hand inspecting data from fieldworks and experiments, historical statistic data of Yangtze region and referring of predecessor's research production were included in this work. In this dissertation, Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetland Environmental Information System (YETWEIS) was built based on ComGIS technology, Data Mining
technology and Spatial Decision Support technology, and some key and difficult questions in environmental studying field of Yangtze estuary tidal wetland were discussed. As a significant exploration of application of GIS in environmental research, this dissertation has important practical worth. Research findings of this dissertation can be summed up into seven items.(1) The theory and technology base of developing wetland environmental information system was expatiated, the combination wetland environmental information system with ComGIS technology, Data Mining technology and Spatial Decision Support technology were discussed, the developing mode, technology routine, general plan, function achievement of wetland envrionmental information system were analysed, and the developing theory and technology system of Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetland Environmental Information System (YETWEIS) was built.(2) The data organizing and management mode of Yangtze estuary tidal wentland was studied, including data characteristics of Yangtze estuary tidal wetland, choice of data resource, data pretreatment, data quality and error control, spatial and attribute database build, and database interlinkage.(3) The visualization basic platform of Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetland Environmental Information System (YETWEIS) was built, whose function includes spatial information display and control, spatial alteration and edition, information query and search, spatial statistics and analysis, spatial general analyzing. These functions play effective role for environmental information managing and analyzing of Yangtze estuary tidal wetland.(4) The spatial expression theory and method of wetland environmental information was expatiated. Based on MapObjects components technology, the thematic map compiling function was built
本文以国家自然科学基金重点项目“长江口滨岸潮滩复杂环境条件下物质循环研究”、国家自然科学基会项目“长江口潮滩沉积物—水界面氮的季节性迁移与反硝化作用”、上海市科委和环保局项目“长江口潮滩环境质量调控预测模型研究”、上海市基础研究重点项目“长江口潮滩污染物源汇通量及其生态效应”、教育部优秀青年教师资助计划“长江口滨岸潮滩氮的界面交换通量与循环机制研究”等为依托,以大量野外监测和室内试验所得第一手数据为基础,以长江口地区历史统计资料为辅助,在充分借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,构建了基于组件式GIS技术、数据挖掘技术和空间决策支持技术的长江口滨岸湿地环境信息系统(YETWEIS),并对长江口滨岸湿地环境研究中的关键和难点问题进行了深入探讨,这对推动新技术在环境科学研究中的应用具有重要的实践价值和探索意义。本文研究得到以下7方面成果:
(1) 阐述了湿地环境信息系统开发的理论与技术基础,初步探讨了组件式GIS技术、数据挖掘技术、空间决策支持技术与湿地环境信息系统的整合方式,分析了湿地环境信息系统开发模式、技术路线、总体规划、功能实现,形成了湿地环境信息系统开发的理论与技术体系。
(2) 分析了长江口滨岸湿地环境数据特点、数据源选取与预处理、数据质量控制、数据误差控制、空间与属性数据库构建、数据库链接等,建立了长江口滨岸湿地环境数据组织与管理模式。
As a product of modem computer and information technology, Environmental Information System is an important application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in environmental science. It has been used in acquiring, saving, processing, transferring and maintaining environmental information for environmental management and science study. Since the early 1970s, the importance of the wetland environmental protection has been widely recognized, and computer technologies have been widely used in environmental protection, and a large number of the wetland information system have been developed. Environmental information system has become a general, interdiscipline and advancing field. Yangtze estuary tidal wetland is one of the important land resources in Shanghai city. With the quick development of economy, Yangtze estuary tidal wetland has become an important exploiting area. With sewage drained into tidal wetland, garbage buried in tidal wetland, the tidal wetland was reclaimed. Strong human activity have havocked the environment and baffled the further exploitation of the tidal wetland. Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetland Environmental Information System (YETWEIS) can not only achieve automatization of wetland environmental information management, but also provide a scientific, convenient, and efficient technology support for wetland environmental protection. This system will improve the efficiency of environment management and decision-making, as well as the level of wetland environmental monitoring and controlling.This dissertation was supported by five Foundation items (National Nature Science Key Foundation of China, No. 40131020; National Nature Science Foundation of China, No. 40173030; Shanghai Science Committee and Environmental Bureau Program; Shanghai Basic Science Research Key Program, No. 02DJ14029; Foundation for the Excellent Youth Teacher by the Ministry of Education). Abundant first-hand inspecting data from fieldworks and experiments, historical statistic data of Yangtze region and referring of predecessor's research production were included in this work. In this dissertation, Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetland Environmental Information System (YETWEIS) was built based on ComGIS technology, Data Mining
technology and Spatial Decision Support technology, and some key and difficult questions in environmental studying field of Yangtze estuary tidal wetland were discussed. As a significant exploration of application of GIS in environmental research, this dissertation has important practical worth. Research findings of this dissertation can be summed up into seven items.(1) The theory and technology base of developing wetland environmental information system was expatiated, the combination wetland environmental information system with ComGIS technology, Data Mining technology and Spatial Decision Support technology were discussed, the developing mode, technology routine, general plan, function achievement of wetland envrionmental information system were analysed, and the developing theory and technology system of Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetland Environmental Information System (YETWEIS) was built.(2) The data organizing and management mode of Yangtze estuary tidal wentland was studied, including data characteristics of Yangtze estuary tidal wetland, choice of data resource, data pretreatment, data quality and error control, spatial and attribute database build, and database interlinkage.(3) The visualization basic platform of Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetland Environmental Information System (YETWEIS) was built, whose function includes spatial information display and control, spatial alteration and edition, information query and search, spatial statistics and analysis, spatial general analyzing. These functions play effective role for environmental information managing and analyzing of Yangtze estuary tidal wetland.(4) The spatial expression theory and method of wetland environmental information was expatiated. Based on MapObjects components technology, the thematic map compiling function was built
引文
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