送达制度的反思和重构
摘要
“程序是法律的心脏”，而送达则是程序的骨骼。没有送达，程序不能立足；没有送达，程序无法运行。送达是程序与程序之间的桥梁；送达是程序法与实体法链接的纽带；送达是完成诉讼程序、实现实体法任务的渠道；送达是裁判发生法律效力的重要条件。送达制度折射出民诉法的基本原则：当事人平等、程序参与、程序公开、程序公正等等，总之，凡有诉讼必有送达，无送达的诉讼是不合程序的诉讼(即便书面审理，裁判结果也要通过送达方式通知当事人)，没有一个问题象送达这样牵动着整个诉讼程序的大厦，民诉法规定的所有程序中，每一项程序的进行都离不开送达，所以说，送达是一个极具理论价值和实践意义的话题。但理论界对送达制度研究不够，对送达的内涵缺乏有力的论证和系统的阐述，缺乏对实务的科学分析和对现实的热情关怀，至今未能形成一套完整的送达制度理论体系。由于理论支持不够，因而立法技术上不完备，现行民诉法对送达制度的设计粗糙，以致实务操作屡生困惑。民诉法颁行十余年以来的运作状况表明，立法上制度设计的不周密和实务中程序运行的不到位，是司法实践中“送达难”的基础原因。本文在送达制度运行状况实证分析的基础上认为：完善推定送达制度，明确送达及受送达主体，增加与细化送达方式是完善与重构我国送达法律制度的必然选择。
"The procedure is the heart of the law", and the service system is the bone of the procedure. Without the service, the procedure can not lie; Without the service, the procedure can not function. The service is the bridge among proceedings. The service is the tache between the substantive and procedure law. The service is the ladder and channel to complete the procedure and implement the tasks of the substantive law. The fundamental principles of civil procedure are reflected from the service system: the equality among parties, the participation in the procedure, the publicity of the procedure and the fairness of the procedure, etc. Wherever there is an action there is the service (even if in the written trial the outcome of the judgment should be notified to the parities through a kind of service). There is not another question like service that is concerned the whole building of the procedure. Every proceedings in the civil action can not exit without service. So the service system is a good topic of great theoretical value and much practical meaning. However, the research of the service system in the academe is not enough. There is lack of scientific analysis to the practice and warmhearted attention to the reality. So far the integrated theoretical system of the service has not come into being. For the insufficiency of theoretical support and the faultiness of the legislation of the service there exist a lot of bemusement in the judicial practice. From the functioning conditions since the Civil Procedure was promulgated over ten years ago, it can be concluded that the imperfect designing of legislation and functioning in practice are the fundamental causes of the difficulty of the service. In this thesis, on the basis of the demonstrational analysis of the functioning of the service system, it can be known that the consummating of the service system , the clarity of the principal part
of service and being serviced and add some methods of service are the inevitable choice of consummating and rebuilding the system of service in our country.
"The procedure is the heart of the law", and the service system is the bone of the procedure. Without the service, the procedure can not lie; Without the service, the procedure can not function. The service is the bridge among proceedings. The service is the tache between the substantive and procedure law. The service is the ladder and channel to complete the procedure and implement the tasks of the substantive law. The fundamental principles of civil procedure are reflected from the service system: the equality among parties, the participation in the procedure, the publicity of the procedure and the fairness of the procedure, etc. Wherever there is an action there is the service (even if in the written trial the outcome of the judgment should be notified to the parities through a kind of service). There is not another question like service that is concerned the whole building of the procedure. Every proceedings in the civil action can not exit without service. So the service system is a good topic of great theoretical value and much practical meaning. However, the research of the service system in the academe is not enough. There is lack of scientific analysis to the practice and warmhearted attention to the reality. So far the integrated theoretical system of the service has not come into being. For the insufficiency of theoretical support and the faultiness of the legislation of the service there exist a lot of bemusement in the judicial practice. From the functioning conditions since the Civil Procedure was promulgated over ten years ago, it can be concluded that the imperfect designing of legislation and functioning in practice are the fundamental causes of the difficulty of the service. In this thesis, on the basis of the demonstrational analysis of the functioning of the service system, it can be known that the consummating of the service system , the clarity of the principal part
of service and being serviced and add some methods of service are the inevitable choice of consummating and rebuilding the system of service in our country.
引文
1、刘家兴主编，《民事诉讼法学教程》，北大出版社2001版。
2、何文燕、高合明主编，《民事诉讼法学新论》，中南工大出版社1999年版。
3、陈刚主编，《比较民事诉讼法》2000年卷，中国人民大学出版社2001年版。
4、樊崇义主编，《诉讼法学研究》(1、2卷)，中国检察出版社2002年版。
5、苏力著，《法治及其本土资源》，中国政法大学出版社1998年版。
6、陈瑞华著，《看得见的正义》，中国法制出版社2000年版。
7、章武生等著，《司法现代化与民事诉讼制度的建构》，法律出版社2000年版。
8、王利明著，《司法改革研究》(修订本)，法律出版社2001年版。
9、江伟主编，《民事诉讼法》，高等教育出版社、北大出版社2001年版。
10、金友成主编，《民事诉讼制度改革研究》，中国法制出版社。
11、姜伟、杨荣新主编，《民事诉讼机制的变革》，人民法院出版社1998年版。
12、(台湾)杨建华著，《民事诉讼法实务问题研究》，广益印书局1981年
13、季卫东著，《法治秩序的建构》，中国政法大学出版社2000年版。
14、陈光忠、江伟主编，《诉讼法论丛》第一卷，法律出版社1998年版。
15、刘芝祥、谢明智主编，《应用民事诉讼法学》，中国政法大学出版社1992年版。
16、何文燕主编，《民事诉讼法学》，湖南人民出版社、湖南大学出版社2001年版。
17、刘家兴主编，《新中国民事程序理论与适用》，中国检察出版社1997年版。
18、张文显、李步云主编，《法理学论丛》第二卷，法律出版社2000年版。
2、何文燕、高合明主编，《民事诉讼法学新论》，中南工大出版社1999年版。
3、陈刚主编，《比较民事诉讼法》2000年卷，中国人民大学出版社2001年版。
4、樊崇义主编，《诉讼法学研究》(1、2卷)，中国检察出版社2002年版。
5、苏力著，《法治及其本土资源》，中国政法大学出版社1998年版。
6、陈瑞华著，《看得见的正义》，中国法制出版社2000年版。
7、章武生等著，《司法现代化与民事诉讼制度的建构》，法律出版社2000年版。
8、王利明著，《司法改革研究》(修订本)，法律出版社2001年版。
9、江伟主编，《民事诉讼法》，高等教育出版社、北大出版社2001年版。
10、金友成主编，《民事诉讼制度改革研究》，中国法制出版社。
11、姜伟、杨荣新主编，《民事诉讼机制的变革》，人民法院出版社1998年版。
12、(台湾)杨建华著，《民事诉讼法实务问题研究》，广益印书局1981年
13、季卫东著，《法治秩序的建构》，中国政法大学出版社2000年版。
14、陈光忠、江伟主编，《诉讼法论丛》第一卷，法律出版社1998年版。
15、刘芝祥、谢明智主编，《应用民事诉讼法学》，中国政法大学出版社1992年版。
16、何文燕主编，《民事诉讼法学》，湖南人民出版社、湖南大学出版社2001年版。
17、刘家兴主编，《新中国民事程序理论与适用》，中国检察出版社1997年版。
18、张文显、李步云主编，《法理学论丛》第二卷，法律出版社2000年版。