广东凡口超大型铅锌矿田成矿学研究
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摘要
凡口铅锌矿床位于南岭成矿带曲仁构造盆地的北东缘，多年来关于它的物质来源及成因成为诸多学者的研究热点。本文以地洼学说多因复成递进成矿理论为指导，以宏观地质为基础，重点对前人研究较薄弱的同位素、成矿物理化学环境等入手，对矿床的物质来源，矿床成因、矿床的成矿作用以及成矿预测作了许多新的尝试，取得了一些有别于前人的地质认识，这些认识对指导矿床深边部找矿具有重要理论意义和实践价值。主要创新成果和认识如下：
(1)通过对矿床原生地球化学晕特征及成矿作用的深入分析，指出矿床成矿物质可能来源于地壳深部重熔的岩浆分异热液，间歇式沿NEE—NE向古断裂带上升，在还原的泻湖沉积条件下，与海底沉积碳酸盐岩交代富集成矿，并形成凡口铅锌矿床特有的各元素地球化学场；
(2)氢、氧同位素、铅同位素和硫同位素地球化学研究成果表明，成矿物质具有显著的多源性特征：硫大部分来自沉积地层，少部分来自岩浆流体；铅主要来自岩浆流体和沉积地层；成矿流体则是印支晚期至燕山早期岩浆热流体以及被加热的地下水；
(3)矿床矿物包裹体测温和物理化学环境研究分析研究结果，提出成矿早期矿床温度较高，而成矿晚期温度较低；不同成矿阶段矿液的溶解和搬运形式有所不同。
(4)矿区铅锌硫化物矿床的形成、分布和矿体具体定位同时受多方面因素的控制。中泥盆统棋梓桥组和上泥盆统佘田桥组地层的沉积岩相古地理环境及其时空变异控制了沉积成岩期黄铁矿矿化分布和矿化强度；印支期断层、褶皱、层间滑动构造组合控制铅锌硫化物矿体的矿化就位和矿带的展布；印支晚期至燕山早期富含铅锌等金属成矿元素的岩浆水和深度演化地下水混合是矿床形成重要的控制因素。
(5)通过综合分析，首次提出凡口铅锌硫化物矿床具有多成矿大地构造阶段、多成矿物质来源、多控矿因素组合类型、多成矿作用方式和多成因类型的特点，属于典型的多因复成矿床的观点。
(6)总结了矿床空间分布及其演化规律，建立了矿床沉积成矿阶段、沉积成岩成矿阶段和岩浆成矿阶段的成矿模式，建立了凡口矿的成矿预测地质模型，并对其外围进行了实用性较高的成矿预测。
Fankou Pb-Zn ore deposit is situated on the Northeast of Quren structural basin in Nanling mineralization belt, its genesis and metallogenic source are hot spot of research for many years. Directed by the Polygenetic and compound progressive Metallogenic theory of Diwa theory, based on the geologic research and start with isotope and physicochemical environment, the dissertation has made some researches and gains some new recognitions in Metallogenic Source, genesis, mineralizing process and Metallogenic prognosis.
1. Based on the analysis of the Geochemical aureole and mineralizing process, it is pointed out that the metallogenic source originated from magma hydrothermal solution of crustal remelting and ascend along the old fracture which NEE—NE direction, it formed element diffusion aureole in lagoon environment.
2. Based on the study of isotope features of H, O、Pb and S, it is concluded that the metallogenic source are complex in Fankou Pb-Zn ore deposit. S from mineral-bearing stratum, Metallogenic elements from the source area and excurrent area of Metallogenic fluids, and Metallogenic fluids are magma fluid and ground hot water from later of Indo-Chinese epoch to early Yenshan epoch. The metallogenic sources are polygenous.
3. Based on study of the physicochemical environment, it is indicated that the metallogenic temperature is high in early stage and low in later stage. The dissolution and transportation form are different in every metallogenic stage.
4. The form, distribution and emplacement are controlled by many factors in Fankou Pb-Zn ore deposit. The palaeogeographic environment of sediment and its variation in space-time distribution control the distribution and intension of pyritization of diagenetic stage in Qixin group and Shetianqiao group in Devonian; the fault, fold and interstratal sliding surface of Indo-Chinese epoch control the mineralization belt and its form, the migmatite of magma fluid and ground hot water from later of Indo-Chinese epoch to early Yenshan epoch is significant control factor of deposit forming.
5. It is concluded that the Fankou Pb-Zn ore deposit is a typical polygenetic and compound deposit, which is characterized by multiple stages, multiple metallogenesis, multiple ore-controlled factors, polymaterial sources and polygenetic types.
6. Finally, the Metallogenic model and provided prospecting proposals has been established.
(1)通过对矿床原生地球化学晕特征及成矿作用的深入分析，指出矿床成矿物质可能来源于地壳深部重熔的岩浆分异热液，间歇式沿NEE—NE向古断裂带上升，在还原的泻湖沉积条件下，与海底沉积碳酸盐岩交代富集成矿，并形成凡口铅锌矿床特有的各元素地球化学场；
(2)氢、氧同位素、铅同位素和硫同位素地球化学研究成果表明，成矿物质具有显著的多源性特征：硫大部分来自沉积地层，少部分来自岩浆流体；铅主要来自岩浆流体和沉积地层；成矿流体则是印支晚期至燕山早期岩浆热流体以及被加热的地下水；
(3)矿床矿物包裹体测温和物理化学环境研究分析研究结果，提出成矿早期矿床温度较高，而成矿晚期温度较低；不同成矿阶段矿液的溶解和搬运形式有所不同。
(4)矿区铅锌硫化物矿床的形成、分布和矿体具体定位同时受多方面因素的控制。中泥盆统棋梓桥组和上泥盆统佘田桥组地层的沉积岩相古地理环境及其时空变异控制了沉积成岩期黄铁矿矿化分布和矿化强度；印支期断层、褶皱、层间滑动构造组合控制铅锌硫化物矿体的矿化就位和矿带的展布；印支晚期至燕山早期富含铅锌等金属成矿元素的岩浆水和深度演化地下水混合是矿床形成重要的控制因素。
(5)通过综合分析，首次提出凡口铅锌硫化物矿床具有多成矿大地构造阶段、多成矿物质来源、多控矿因素组合类型、多成矿作用方式和多成因类型的特点，属于典型的多因复成矿床的观点。
(6)总结了矿床空间分布及其演化规律，建立了矿床沉积成矿阶段、沉积成岩成矿阶段和岩浆成矿阶段的成矿模式，建立了凡口矿的成矿预测地质模型，并对其外围进行了实用性较高的成矿预测。
Fankou Pb-Zn ore deposit is situated on the Northeast of Quren structural basin in Nanling mineralization belt, its genesis and metallogenic source are hot spot of research for many years. Directed by the Polygenetic and compound progressive Metallogenic theory of Diwa theory, based on the geologic research and start with isotope and physicochemical environment, the dissertation has made some researches and gains some new recognitions in Metallogenic Source, genesis, mineralizing process and Metallogenic prognosis.
1. Based on the analysis of the Geochemical aureole and mineralizing process, it is pointed out that the metallogenic source originated from magma hydrothermal solution of crustal remelting and ascend along the old fracture which NEE—NE direction, it formed element diffusion aureole in lagoon environment.
2. Based on the study of isotope features of H, O、Pb and S, it is concluded that the metallogenic source are complex in Fankou Pb-Zn ore deposit. S from mineral-bearing stratum, Metallogenic elements from the source area and excurrent area of Metallogenic fluids, and Metallogenic fluids are magma fluid and ground hot water from later of Indo-Chinese epoch to early Yenshan epoch. The metallogenic sources are polygenous.
3. Based on study of the physicochemical environment, it is indicated that the metallogenic temperature is high in early stage and low in later stage. The dissolution and transportation form are different in every metallogenic stage.
4. The form, distribution and emplacement are controlled by many factors in Fankou Pb-Zn ore deposit. The palaeogeographic environment of sediment and its variation in space-time distribution control the distribution and intension of pyritization of diagenetic stage in Qixin group and Shetianqiao group in Devonian; the fault, fold and interstratal sliding surface of Indo-Chinese epoch control the mineralization belt and its form, the migmatite of magma fluid and ground hot water from later of Indo-Chinese epoch to early Yenshan epoch is significant control factor of deposit forming.
5. It is concluded that the Fankou Pb-Zn ore deposit is a typical polygenetic and compound deposit, which is characterized by multiple stages, multiple metallogenesis, multiple ore-controlled factors, polymaterial sources and polygenetic types.
6. Finally, the Metallogenic model and provided prospecting proposals has been established.
引文
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