火烧油层采油技术基础研究及其应用
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摘要
火烧油层采油技术具有适用范围广、物源充足、采收率高及成本低等优势。但由于火驱机理十分复杂，加之对其的理论研究和现场试验工作时断时续不系统，所以至今有关其基础性研究工作仍有很多方面欠缺，影响了火烧油层技术的推广和应用，急需加强。针对这一实际问题，本文在充分调研前人工作成果的基础上，进一步开展了火烧油层采油技术基础理论和应用方法研究。
本文应用实验数据建立了高温燃烧反应方程式，揭示了火烧油层问题的本质；测定了温度场变化状态；测定了自燃温度、氧气利用率、燃料消耗量、空气需要量、空气油比值及视H/C原子比等火烧油层燃烧基础参数，并提出了计算这些参数的方法；确定了燃烧前缘的推进速率及燃烧过程的稳定性影响因素，其结论可以为现场方案设计提供科学依据。
本文通过对采出原油进行有机地化分析，对辽河油田不同区块原油的燃烧参数进行对比分析，发现辽河稠油经过火烧油层后生成了高温裂解作用产物—蒽。因原始地层中不存在物质蒽，所以火烧后采出油中如果存在该化合物则可以认为火驱成功。物质蒽是火驱成功与否的重要标记化合物之一。
本文建立了地下注入氧气浓度是常数及变量两种不同条件下的燃烧区形状方程。研究表明：累计注气量对燃烧区厚度影响严重，空气需要量及油层孔隙度对其影响较轻。
本文建立了火烧油层地下氧气浓度分布方程式。所建方程为研究油层燃烧动态、确定火烧波及范围和优化注采井距提供了新方法。
本文建立了火烧油层燃烧区体积方程，对影响燃烧区体积的因素进行了分析。在此基础上建立了火烧油层的体积波及系数计算公式和产油量计算方法。本文这一成果为火烧油层采油工艺设计和技术参数优化提供了新理论和新方法。
从实用性考虑，本文提出火烧油层采油工艺设计主要内容包括：
(1)给定井网所需空气总量的计算；
(2)空气注入速率的确定；
(3)计算空气注入压力；
由此(1)～(3)结果可以决定注气设备和施工方案等；
(4)预测火烧油层采油工艺效果，计算原油产量、空气油比和采收率等，依此判断所设计工艺在技术和经济方面成功与否。
本文不仅提出了设计方法，而且给出了符合油田实际情况的设计示例。
本文的研究结论对油田采油生产具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。
In-situ combustion is an oil production method with obvious technological advantagesand great potentials. It is extensively applied to reservoirs, rich in resources, high in oilrecovery and low in cost. But because ISC mechanism is quite complicated, there are stillmany defects in its research which affect its popularization and application and urgently needimproving. Aiming at this practical problem, based on an adequate investigation and analysisof former work and results,The results of this paper provide new theories and new methodsfor the optimization design of ISC technology.
The one-dimensional model test of ISC adopts test data to set up a reaction equation ofhigh temperature combustion, reveals the nature of ISC, measures the change of thetemperature field, the temperature of self-combustion, the rate of oxygen application, theconsumption and need of air, the value of air and oil ratio and the visual H/C atom ratio andother ISC basic parameters. The method for calculating these parameters is put forward. Themovement velocity of combustion front is determined and the effects on the combustionstability are also verified. Thus, the research results can provide a scientific base for fieldprogram design.
Through the organic analysis of produced crude and the comparative analysis ofcombustion parameters of the crude in different zones, it is found that anthracene, a productof high temperature cracking, results from ISC heavy oil in Liaohe. As anthracene does notexist in the primitive formation, the success of ISC can be concluded if this chemicalcompound (anthracene) can be found in the produced crude of ISC. The material anthraceneis one of the important signs of successful ISC.
It is proposed that the oxygen concentration for underground injection is a constant andthe equation of combustion zone shape is also made clear under two different conditions ofvariables. The research shows that the cumulative injected air has a great effect on thethickness of the combustion zones, but neither air demand nor the porosity of formation hassuch a big effect.
An equation is established for ISC concentration distribution of underground oxygen. Itprovides a new method for the research of reservoir combustion, determination of combustionsweep and the optimization of injection wells and production wells.
The volume equation for ISC zones is established and the factors that affect the volumeof the combustion zone are analyzed. On the basis of that, the formula for calculating the coefficient of ISC volume sweep and for calculating the oil production is established, whichprovides a new theoretical method for ISC technological design and the optimization oftechnological parameters.
From a practical perspective, this paper mainly covers the following about ISCtechnology:
(1) Calculation of the total need of air of well pattern
(2) Determination of the speed of injected air;
(3) Calculation of the pressure of the injected air.
Hence (1)-(3) decide the injection equipment and operation plan.
(4) Prediction the effect of ISC technology. Calculation of the produced crude, the ratioof air and oil, the oil recovery, etc. Hence the judgment of the success in terms of technologyand economy. Not only does the paper proposes a design method, but also gives some designexamples which conform with the specific situation of the oilfields.
本文应用实验数据建立了高温燃烧反应方程式，揭示了火烧油层问题的本质；测定了温度场变化状态；测定了自燃温度、氧气利用率、燃料消耗量、空气需要量、空气油比值及视H/C原子比等火烧油层燃烧基础参数，并提出了计算这些参数的方法；确定了燃烧前缘的推进速率及燃烧过程的稳定性影响因素，其结论可以为现场方案设计提供科学依据。
本文通过对采出原油进行有机地化分析，对辽河油田不同区块原油的燃烧参数进行对比分析，发现辽河稠油经过火烧油层后生成了高温裂解作用产物—蒽。因原始地层中不存在物质蒽，所以火烧后采出油中如果存在该化合物则可以认为火驱成功。物质蒽是火驱成功与否的重要标记化合物之一。
本文建立了地下注入氧气浓度是常数及变量两种不同条件下的燃烧区形状方程。研究表明：累计注气量对燃烧区厚度影响严重，空气需要量及油层孔隙度对其影响较轻。
本文建立了火烧油层地下氧气浓度分布方程式。所建方程为研究油层燃烧动态、确定火烧波及范围和优化注采井距提供了新方法。
本文建立了火烧油层燃烧区体积方程，对影响燃烧区体积的因素进行了分析。在此基础上建立了火烧油层的体积波及系数计算公式和产油量计算方法。本文这一成果为火烧油层采油工艺设计和技术参数优化提供了新理论和新方法。
从实用性考虑，本文提出火烧油层采油工艺设计主要内容包括：
(1)给定井网所需空气总量的计算；
(2)空气注入速率的确定；
(3)计算空气注入压力；
由此(1)～(3)结果可以决定注气设备和施工方案等；
(4)预测火烧油层采油工艺效果，计算原油产量、空气油比和采收率等，依此判断所设计工艺在技术和经济方面成功与否。
本文不仅提出了设计方法，而且给出了符合油田实际情况的设计示例。
本文的研究结论对油田采油生产具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。
In-situ combustion is an oil production method with obvious technological advantagesand great potentials. It is extensively applied to reservoirs, rich in resources, high in oilrecovery and low in cost. But because ISC mechanism is quite complicated, there are stillmany defects in its research which affect its popularization and application and urgently needimproving. Aiming at this practical problem, based on an adequate investigation and analysisof former work and results,The results of this paper provide new theories and new methodsfor the optimization design of ISC technology.
The one-dimensional model test of ISC adopts test data to set up a reaction equation ofhigh temperature combustion, reveals the nature of ISC, measures the change of thetemperature field, the temperature of self-combustion, the rate of oxygen application, theconsumption and need of air, the value of air and oil ratio and the visual H/C atom ratio andother ISC basic parameters. The method for calculating these parameters is put forward. Themovement velocity of combustion front is determined and the effects on the combustionstability are also verified. Thus, the research results can provide a scientific base for fieldprogram design.
Through the organic analysis of produced crude and the comparative analysis ofcombustion parameters of the crude in different zones, it is found that anthracene, a productof high temperature cracking, results from ISC heavy oil in Liaohe. As anthracene does notexist in the primitive formation, the success of ISC can be concluded if this chemicalcompound (anthracene) can be found in the produced crude of ISC. The material anthraceneis one of the important signs of successful ISC.
It is proposed that the oxygen concentration for underground injection is a constant andthe equation of combustion zone shape is also made clear under two different conditions ofvariables. The research shows that the cumulative injected air has a great effect on thethickness of the combustion zones, but neither air demand nor the porosity of formation hassuch a big effect.
An equation is established for ISC concentration distribution of underground oxygen. Itprovides a new method for the research of reservoir combustion, determination of combustionsweep and the optimization of injection wells and production wells.
The volume equation for ISC zones is established and the factors that affect the volumeof the combustion zone are analyzed. On the basis of that, the formula for calculating the coefficient of ISC volume sweep and for calculating the oil production is established, whichprovides a new theoretical method for ISC technological design and the optimization oftechnological parameters.
From a practical perspective, this paper mainly covers the following about ISCtechnology:
(1) Calculation of the total need of air of well pattern
(2) Determination of the speed of injected air;
(3) Calculation of the pressure of the injected air.
Hence (1)-(3) decide the injection equipment and operation plan.
(4) Prediction the effect of ISC technology. Calculation of the produced crude, the ratioof air and oil, the oil recovery, etc. Hence the judgment of the success in terms of technologyand economy. Not only does the paper proposes a design method, but also gives some designexamples which conform with the specific situation of the oilfields.
引文
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