日本神户六甲山石英闪长岩~（40）Ar-~（39）Ar定年和岩石矿物学特征及其构造意义
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摘要
六甲山花岗岩类位于日本西南部神户市北部,形成于晚白垩世,其中的土桥石英闪长岩是作为捕虏体出现于六甲花岗岩体中。本文通过对土桥石英闪长岩中角闪石和黑云母采用精确的~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar定年,获得角闪石坪年龄为82.3±1.6 Ma以及黑云母坪年龄63.3±1.7 Ma。结合前人对该区K-Ar年代学的研究成果,认为土桥石英闪长岩的结晶年龄为82.3Ma,六甲细粒花岗岩浆的结晶年龄为63.3Ma。
矿物化学研究表明六甲花岗岩、石英闪长岩中斜长石环带从核心到边缘由中性成分向酸性成分转变,在长石中,随着SiO_2的增加,Sr有降低的趋势;相比斜长石,钾长石含更多的BaO;随着BaO的增加,SrO显示增加的趋势。黑云母和角闪石均富Fe,贫Mg,分别属于铁质黑云母和铁质角闪石,其来源类型推测为壳-幔型。石英闪长质包体中的角闪石和黑云母中的F、Cl含量均大于石英闪长岩的,在黑云母和角闪石中,随着Mg~#的降低,F和Cl都有增加的趋势,说明F和Cl流体成分在岩浆作用后期趋于富集。
微量和稀土元素分析显示,六甲细粒花岗岩较中粗粒花岗岩富Rb、Nb和Y,而贫Sr。在六甲花岗岩及石英闪长岩中,随着Rb的增加,Ba和Sr有下降的趋势。稀土特征配分曲线呈右倾平滑曲线,表现出轻稀土元素富集的趋势;Eu/Eu~*值介于0.62—0.9之间,说明Eu有一定的亏损。球粒陨石蛛网图显示所有六甲山地区的花岗岩类和中国东南部具有相类似的环境,属于钙碱性岩系,富含大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),Nb、Ta、P和Ti的亏损,是形成俯冲岛弧/活动大陆边缘的钙碱性岩系长英质火成岩的地球化学特征。
大量的研究表明,中国东南部沿海晚中生代花岗质岩浆岩的年龄在140-100Ma,其大地构造环境推测为岛弧或板内(拉张),而日本西南部六甲山花岗花岗质岩浆岩形成的年龄在83-72Ma,为一种典型大陆边缘火山岛弧环境下形成的Ⅰ型花岗岩类。结合前人的研究成果,发现白垩纪以来,随着时间的推移,弧火山活动呈现出自西向东迁移的规律。推测自白垩纪以来,太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲,造成我国沿海地区弧火山岩的产生和弧后盆地拉张伸展,地壳变薄,地幔上隆,地幔来源玄武质岩浆上升并供热使下部地壳部分熔融形成花岗质岩浆,太平洋板块的后退造成了弧火山活动自西向东迁移。
The Rokko Mountains located in the north of Kobe city,Southwest Japan,mainly consist of the late Cretaceous granitic rocks.The Dobashi quartz diorite occurs as an xenolith in the Rokko granite.In this paper,biotite and hornblede minerals from the Dobashi quartz diorite samples are analyzed for the ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar dating,and the hornblende ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar plateau age of 82.3±1.6Ma was obtained,representing that of the emplacement of the Dobashi quartz diorite.The biotite ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar plateau age of 63.3±1.7 Ma was obtained,indicating an intensively late thermal event.Combined with other published K-Ar age data,the ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar ages indicate that multiple tectono—magmatic events occurred in Rokko Mountains.
Mineral chemically,Zoning textures well developed in plagioclase phenocrysts of granites and Dobashi quartz diorites,Neutral to acidic from core to rim;in feldspar,the Sr content decreases with an increase in SiO_2 content,the feldspar has more BaO compared to plagioclase,the SrO content increase with an increase in BaO content,The biotites and hornblende in the fine-grained facies granites and Dobashi quartz diorites are rich in Fe contents and poor in Mg contents,belonging to iron-amphibole and iron-biotite respectively. The F and Cl contents in biotites and hornblende of quartz diorite of inclusions are higher than that in quartz diorites and granites,the F and Cl content in biotites and hornblende increase with an decrease in Mg~# content,indicating F and Cl content enrich in late magmatism.
Analysis of trace and rare earth elements from the granitic rocks,show that the Rokko fine-grained facies granites have higher Rb、Nb and Y contents,and lower Sr contents compared to the medium—to coarse—grained facies granites.The Ba and Sr content in the Rokko granite decreases with an increase in Rb content.The granites exhibit rich is LREE,Eu /Eu* between 0.62 and 0.9,indicating certain negative Eu anomalies in C1 chondrite-normalized REE patterns.The C1 chondrite-normalized spider diagrams to the C1 Chondrite source show that all granitic rocks from the Rokko Mountains and Southeast of China have the same environment belonging to calc-alkaline series,are enriched in LIL elements and are depleted in HFS elements.Nb、Ta、P、Ti depleted indicated an subduction-related calc-alkaline series of island arc or active continental margin chemical characteristic.
It has been extensively proved that the Late Mesozoic granitic igneous rocks in the southeastern coastal area of China have ages from 140 Ma to 100 Ma,which were generated in arc or intra-plate environment,while Rokko granite 83-72 Ma,I-type granite generated in vocalnic arc environment.Combined with other research data and results,it is found that from Cretaceous,as the time goes by,the arc-related volcanic activities migrate from west to east. It is inferred that from Cretaceous,the subduction of Pacific Plate to the Eurasia Plate causes arc-related volcanic activities and the back-arc extension,thinning of the crust,the upwelling of the mantle materials in the southeastern coastal area of China.Basaltic magma from mantle upwells and heats the lower crust,resulting in its partial melting to form granitic magma.We employ a roll-back model of the Pacific Plate to explain the W-E migration of the arc-related activities.
矿物化学研究表明六甲花岗岩、石英闪长岩中斜长石环带从核心到边缘由中性成分向酸性成分转变,在长石中,随着SiO_2的增加,Sr有降低的趋势;相比斜长石,钾长石含更多的BaO;随着BaO的增加,SrO显示增加的趋势。黑云母和角闪石均富Fe,贫Mg,分别属于铁质黑云母和铁质角闪石,其来源类型推测为壳-幔型。石英闪长质包体中的角闪石和黑云母中的F、Cl含量均大于石英闪长岩的,在黑云母和角闪石中,随着Mg~#的降低,F和Cl都有增加的趋势,说明F和Cl流体成分在岩浆作用后期趋于富集。
微量和稀土元素分析显示,六甲细粒花岗岩较中粗粒花岗岩富Rb、Nb和Y,而贫Sr。在六甲花岗岩及石英闪长岩中,随着Rb的增加,Ba和Sr有下降的趋势。稀土特征配分曲线呈右倾平滑曲线,表现出轻稀土元素富集的趋势;Eu/Eu~*值介于0.62—0.9之间,说明Eu有一定的亏损。球粒陨石蛛网图显示所有六甲山地区的花岗岩类和中国东南部具有相类似的环境,属于钙碱性岩系,富含大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),Nb、Ta、P和Ti的亏损,是形成俯冲岛弧/活动大陆边缘的钙碱性岩系长英质火成岩的地球化学特征。
大量的研究表明,中国东南部沿海晚中生代花岗质岩浆岩的年龄在140-100Ma,其大地构造环境推测为岛弧或板内(拉张),而日本西南部六甲山花岗花岗质岩浆岩形成的年龄在83-72Ma,为一种典型大陆边缘火山岛弧环境下形成的Ⅰ型花岗岩类。结合前人的研究成果,发现白垩纪以来,随着时间的推移,弧火山活动呈现出自西向东迁移的规律。推测自白垩纪以来,太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲,造成我国沿海地区弧火山岩的产生和弧后盆地拉张伸展,地壳变薄,地幔上隆,地幔来源玄武质岩浆上升并供热使下部地壳部分熔融形成花岗质岩浆,太平洋板块的后退造成了弧火山活动自西向东迁移。
The Rokko Mountains located in the north of Kobe city,Southwest Japan,mainly consist of the late Cretaceous granitic rocks.The Dobashi quartz diorite occurs as an xenolith in the Rokko granite.In this paper,biotite and hornblede minerals from the Dobashi quartz diorite samples are analyzed for the ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar dating,and the hornblende ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar plateau age of 82.3±1.6Ma was obtained,representing that of the emplacement of the Dobashi quartz diorite.The biotite ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar plateau age of 63.3±1.7 Ma was obtained,indicating an intensively late thermal event.Combined with other published K-Ar age data,the ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar ages indicate that multiple tectono—magmatic events occurred in Rokko Mountains.
Mineral chemically,Zoning textures well developed in plagioclase phenocrysts of granites and Dobashi quartz diorites,Neutral to acidic from core to rim;in feldspar,the Sr content decreases with an increase in SiO_2 content,the feldspar has more BaO compared to plagioclase,the SrO content increase with an increase in BaO content,The biotites and hornblende in the fine-grained facies granites and Dobashi quartz diorites are rich in Fe contents and poor in Mg contents,belonging to iron-amphibole and iron-biotite respectively. The F and Cl contents in biotites and hornblende of quartz diorite of inclusions are higher than that in quartz diorites and granites,the F and Cl content in biotites and hornblende increase with an decrease in Mg~# content,indicating F and Cl content enrich in late magmatism.
Analysis of trace and rare earth elements from the granitic rocks,show that the Rokko fine-grained facies granites have higher Rb、Nb and Y contents,and lower Sr contents compared to the medium—to coarse—grained facies granites.The Ba and Sr content in the Rokko granite decreases with an increase in Rb content.The granites exhibit rich is LREE,Eu /Eu* between 0.62 and 0.9,indicating certain negative Eu anomalies in C1 chondrite-normalized REE patterns.The C1 chondrite-normalized spider diagrams to the C1 Chondrite source show that all granitic rocks from the Rokko Mountains and Southeast of China have the same environment belonging to calc-alkaline series,are enriched in LIL elements and are depleted in HFS elements.Nb、Ta、P、Ti depleted indicated an subduction-related calc-alkaline series of island arc or active continental margin chemical characteristic.
It has been extensively proved that the Late Mesozoic granitic igneous rocks in the southeastern coastal area of China have ages from 140 Ma to 100 Ma,which were generated in arc or intra-plate environment,while Rokko granite 83-72 Ma,I-type granite generated in vocalnic arc environment.Combined with other research data and results,it is found that from Cretaceous,as the time goes by,the arc-related volcanic activities migrate from west to east. It is inferred that from Cretaceous,the subduction of Pacific Plate to the Eurasia Plate causes arc-related volcanic activities and the back-arc extension,thinning of the crust,the upwelling of the mantle materials in the southeastern coastal area of China.Basaltic magma from mantle upwells and heats the lower crust,resulting in its partial melting to form granitic magma.We employ a roll-back model of the Pacific Plate to explain the W-E migration of the arc-related activities.
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Li, X. H. Cretaceous magmatism and lithospheric extension in southeast China: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2000, 18, 293-305
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Loiselle M C, Wonos D R. Characteristic and origin of anorogenic granites. Geol.Soc.Amer, Bull Abstr. Prog., 1979, 92, 468
Manier P. D. , Piccoli P M. Tectonic discrimination of granitoids, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1989, 101: 635-643
McDougall I . , Harrion T. M. Geochronology and thermochronology by the ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar Method. Oxford University Press, New York, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1988
McDougall I . Precision methods of potassium-argon isotopic age determination of young rocks. In methods and techniques in geophysics (ed. S. K. Runcorn) Interscience, 1966, 2: 279-304
Merrihue C. , Turner G. Potassium-argon dating by activation with fast neutrons. J. Geophys. Res., 1966, 71: 2852-2857
Murakami N. Some problems concerning late Mesozoic to early Tertiary igneous activity on the inner side of Southwest Japan. Pacific Geology, 1974, 8: 139-51
Nakajima T. , Williams I. S., Watanabe T. SHRIMP U-Pb ages of the Ryoke and San-yo granitoids in Southwest Japan, Abstracts of the 100th Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan , 1993, 358 (in Japanese) .
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Otofuji Y. , Matsuda T. Timing of rotational motion of Southwest Japan inferred from paleomagetism. Earth and Planetary Science Letter, 1984, 70, 372-82
Pan Y. Controls on the fractionation of isovalent trace elements in magmatic and aqueous systems: evidence from Y/Ho, Zr / Hf, and lanthanide tetrad effect? A discussion of article by M. Bau(1996). Contrib, Mineral. Petrol., 1997, 128: 405-408
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Pitcher W J. The nature and origin of granite, Glasgow:Blackie, 1993
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