新中国成立以来成都城市职能演变研究
摘要
在经济全球化和区域经济一体化的趋势下,成都城市的发展面临着新的机遇和挑战。城市的经济活动不再局限于自身及周边区域,而是服务于更广阔的区域范围,并使城市经济、社会、文化的发展与区域发展相联系和融合,承担起不同区域的分工。城市职能是指城市在一个或一定区域内政治、经济、文化、社会、服务等活动中所承担的任务和所发挥的作用。本文梳理了城市职能和相关名词之间的联系,分析了城市职能的属性与特征,并从自然因素和社会人文因素两大方面着重分析了影响城市职能的因素,总结推演了城市职能演变的一般特点。
考虑到在城市职能研究中,单个城市职能的研究相对较少,单个城市职能演变的研究就更为薄弱的实际情况,本文运用定性和定量相结合的方法,通过大量的史实材料回顾梳理了成都城市职能的演变情况,探讨了成都从传统消费城市向工业型城市转型、从工业城市向综合型区域中心城市转型的两次转型过程,并尝试分析城市职能演变的影响因素,从而找出其演变的特点规律。对于早期成都城市职能主要以大量史实材料和部门统计数据作为依据,分析成都城市职能。针对80年代后成都统计资料相对完善的情况,则运用纳尔逊标注差法,用统计分析的方式对成都城市职能进行定量分析研究,以此来分析判断成都城市职能情况。并利用纳尔逊标准差法定量分析了成都城市职能现状,分析了影响成都职能演变的因素,并为成都城市职能演变的方向和趋势分析提供比较数据。
在总结了全球特大城市的职能演变情况的基础上,探讨了未来可能影响成都城市职能演变的影响因素,同时运用统计分析法,在比较了2005至2010年统计数据分析计算结果后,探讨了成都城市职能进一步演变的趋势。
The development of the city of Chengdu is facing new opportunities and challenges since the trend of economic globalization and regional economic integration. The economic activity of the city is no longer confined to itself and the surrounding area, but to serve a broader regional and urban economic, social, and cultural development linked to regional development and integration, to take on a different area of the division of labor. Urban functions are the tasks undertaken by the city in one or the political, economic, cultural, social, service, and other activities in a certain area, and the role played by. This sort of urban functions and links between related terms, analyzes the attributes and characteristics of urban functions, and from the natural factors and social and human factors analysis focuses on two major aspects of the factors affecting urban functions, summed deduction of the general evolution of urban functions features.
Taking into account the functions of the city, the individual functions of the city is relatively small, a single study the evolution of urban function is even more weak actual situation, this paper, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, through a large number of historical material review combed Chengdu the evolution of urban functions, and explore the city of Chengdu from traditional consumer-oriented city to the industrial transformation from an industrial city to a comprehensive restructuring of the two regional central city transformation process, and try to analyze the factors affecting the evolution of urban functions, in order to identify its evolution the characteristics and laws. The main functions of early Chengdu city with plenty of historical materials and sector statistics as the basis for analysis of Chengdu city functions. For80years after the Chengdu Statistics relatively perfect case, the use of Nelson marked difference method, using statistical analysis methods for the quantitative analysis of Chengdu city functions studied in order to analyze and judge the functioning of Chengdu city. Nelson also use standard deviation for quantitative analysis of the functional status of the city of Chengdu, Chengdu function analyzes the impact of the evolution of the factors for the evolution of Chengdu city functions to provide the direction and trend analysis of comparative data.
In conclusion, the world mega-cities on the basis of the evolution of the functions discussed in Chengdu city functions that may affect the future evolution of the influencing factors, while the use of statistical analysis, comparing2005to2010statistical data analysis and calculation results are discussed in Chengdu urban function further evolution trend.
考虑到在城市职能研究中,单个城市职能的研究相对较少,单个城市职能演变的研究就更为薄弱的实际情况,本文运用定性和定量相结合的方法,通过大量的史实材料回顾梳理了成都城市职能的演变情况,探讨了成都从传统消费城市向工业型城市转型、从工业城市向综合型区域中心城市转型的两次转型过程,并尝试分析城市职能演变的影响因素,从而找出其演变的特点规律。对于早期成都城市职能主要以大量史实材料和部门统计数据作为依据,分析成都城市职能。针对80年代后成都统计资料相对完善的情况,则运用纳尔逊标注差法,用统计分析的方式对成都城市职能进行定量分析研究,以此来分析判断成都城市职能情况。并利用纳尔逊标准差法定量分析了成都城市职能现状,分析了影响成都职能演变的因素,并为成都城市职能演变的方向和趋势分析提供比较数据。
在总结了全球特大城市的职能演变情况的基础上,探讨了未来可能影响成都城市职能演变的影响因素,同时运用统计分析法,在比较了2005至2010年统计数据分析计算结果后,探讨了成都城市职能进一步演变的趋势。
The development of the city of Chengdu is facing new opportunities and challenges since the trend of economic globalization and regional economic integration. The economic activity of the city is no longer confined to itself and the surrounding area, but to serve a broader regional and urban economic, social, and cultural development linked to regional development and integration, to take on a different area of the division of labor. Urban functions are the tasks undertaken by the city in one or the political, economic, cultural, social, service, and other activities in a certain area, and the role played by. This sort of urban functions and links between related terms, analyzes the attributes and characteristics of urban functions, and from the natural factors and social and human factors analysis focuses on two major aspects of the factors affecting urban functions, summed deduction of the general evolution of urban functions features.
Taking into account the functions of the city, the individual functions of the city is relatively small, a single study the evolution of urban function is even more weak actual situation, this paper, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, through a large number of historical material review combed Chengdu the evolution of urban functions, and explore the city of Chengdu from traditional consumer-oriented city to the industrial transformation from an industrial city to a comprehensive restructuring of the two regional central city transformation process, and try to analyze the factors affecting the evolution of urban functions, in order to identify its evolution the characteristics and laws. The main functions of early Chengdu city with plenty of historical materials and sector statistics as the basis for analysis of Chengdu city functions. For80years after the Chengdu Statistics relatively perfect case, the use of Nelson marked difference method, using statistical analysis methods for the quantitative analysis of Chengdu city functions studied in order to analyze and judge the functioning of Chengdu city. Nelson also use standard deviation for quantitative analysis of the functional status of the city of Chengdu, Chengdu function analyzes the impact of the evolution of the factors for the evolution of Chengdu city functions to provide the direction and trend analysis of comparative data.
In conclusion, the world mega-cities on the basis of the evolution of the functions discussed in Chengdu city functions that may affect the future evolution of the influencing factors, while the use of statistical analysis, comparing2005to2010statistical data analysis and calculation results are discussed in Chengdu urban function further evolution trend.
引文
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[3]宋曼萍.城市职能转型与空间结构演化研究一以徐州市为例[D].湖南：湖南师范大学,2004
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[5]J.W. Alexander. The basic—nonbasic concept of urban economic functions[J]. Eeonomie Geography,1954,30.
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[8]Gulenada, Lale Berk z.Dynamic Behavior of the City Center in Istanbul [J]. Comput, Environ and urban System,1996,(3):153-164.
[9]Karen Laynea. Jungwoo Leeb.Developing Fully Functional E-government:A four stage model[J].Government Information Quarterly.2001:122-136.
[10]王建军、许学强.城市职能演变的回顾与展望[J].人文地理,2004,19(3)： 13-16
[11]戚本超,周达.北京城市职能演变研究[J].城市问题,2006,(7)：28-31.
[12]赵群毅、金晓哲.武汉城市职能的历史演变与区域比较研究[J].现代城市研究,2006,(2)：37-42.
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[14]邓全忠主编.成都城市发展报告[M].成都：四川人民出版社,2005.8
[151韩延星.广州城市职能演变研究[D].广州：中山大学,2004
[16]孙盘寿,杨廷秀.西南三省城镇的职能分类[J].地理研究,1984,(3)：17-28.
[17]徐红宇,陈忠暖,李志勇.中国城市职能分类研究综述[J].云南地理环境研究,2005,(3)：34-36.
[18]周一星,R.布雷德肖.中国城市的工业职能分类理论、方法[J].地理学报,1988,(4)：287-297.
[19]田文祝,周一星.中国城市体系的工业职能结构[J].地理研究,1991,(1)：12-23.
[20]周一星,孙则昕.再论中国城市的职能分类[J].地理研究,1997,(1)：1]-12.
[21]陈忠暖,阎小培.中国东南6省区城市职能特点与分类[J].经济地理,2001,(6)：709-713.
[22]陈忠暖,杨士弘.广东省城市职能分类探讨[J].华南师范大学学报,2001,(3)：26-32
[23]凌怡莹,徐建华.长江三角洲地区城市职能分类研究[J].规划师,2003,(2)： 77-80.
[24]陈国生.论湖南城市的职能分类[J].衡阳师范学院学报,2002,5(23)：94-99.
[25]杨永春,赵鹏军.中国西部河谷型城市职能分类初探[J].经济地理,2000,20(6)：51-64
[26]黄飞.湖南省3+5城市群城市职能分类与优化研究[D].湖南：湖南师范大学,2007
[27]张复明,郭文炯.城市职能体系的若干理论思考[J].经济地理,1999,6(3)：19-23.
[28]王洪桥,东北三省城市职能分类探析,[D]长春：东北师范大学,2006
[29]成都市统计局.成都统计年鉴2011[M].北京中国统计出版社2011,56-65,290-295
[30]成都市统计局.成都五十年[M].北京中国统计出版社1999
[31]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴19852011[M].北京中国统计出版社 19862012
[32]许锋.我国城市职能结构变化的动态特征及趋势[J].城市规划,2008,649-54.
[33]孙则听.中国城市的职能分类[D].北京大学硕士论文,1994.
[34]于涛方,顾朝林,吴泓.中国城市功能格局与转型[J].城市规划,2006(5)：13-21.
[35]季小妹,陈忠暖.中国中部地区城市职能结构现状分析及其变动研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2007(2)：27-32.
[36]何一民.论成都市在中国历史发展中的地位和作用[J].西南民族大学学报,2002(2)：84-93.
[37]Alexandersson G.美国城市的经济结构[M].刘静译.北京：商务印书馆,1983
[38]Carter H. The study of Urban Geography. London:Edward Amold,1972.45—67
[39]Kohone T. Self-Organization on and Associative memory[M].3d ed Berlin Springer,1989
[40]Kohone T. Self-Organization map[M].2d ed Berlin springer,1995
[41]Abbas H M.et al. Neural Networks for Maximum Likelihood clustering[J]. Singal Processing,1994,36:11—111
[42]王国恩,王建军,周素红.基于国家中心城市定位的广州核心职能研究[J].城市规划,2009(33)：14-17.
[43]连兴.经济全球化进程中城市产业结构重组及其在区域城市体系中的职能演化——南通、扬州、泰州案例研究[D].同济大学硕士论文,2008.
[44]王树春,刘艳华,李陇堂.基于因子分析的城市职能特征分析——以西部省会城市、直辖市为例[J].宁夏工程技术,2006(5)195-197.
[45]陈忠暖,张明举,何劲耘.试析西部城市的职能分类[J].西南师范大学学报：自然科学版,2002,27(2)253.
[46]Halla. Francos. (2005), Critical element in sustaining participatory Planning:Bagamoyo strategic urban development planning framework in Tanzania.1. March.2005
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