型钢高性能混凝土剪力墙抗震性能及性能设计理论研究
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摘要
型钢高性能混凝土(SHPC)剪力墙通过型钢与高性能混凝土的相互组合,使高性能混凝土的脆性得到较好的改善,型钢的作用得到充分发挥,构件的延性得以显著提高。目前国内外对这种构件的抗震性能研究较少,本文拟通过试验与理论分析,研究SHPC剪力墙的抗震性能及性能设计理论与方法,将基于性能的抗震设计理论应用于SHPC剪力墙的抗震设计。主要研究内容如下:
(1)对6个SHPC剪力墙试件进行了低周反复水平加载试验,研究了这种构件在压、弯、剪共同作用下的破坏过程和破坏机理;分析了SHPC剪力墙的剪跨比、轴压比、水平分布钢筋数量等因素对其破坏形态、滞回特性、延性及耗能能力的影响。
(2)根据对滞回曲线和骨架曲线的分析研究,提出了考虑刚度退化的SHPC剪力墙恢复力模型。用试验拟合方法,建立了SHPC剪力墙四(三)折线骨架曲线,给出了骨架曲线各个关键点的计算公式;对SHPC剪力墙的刚度退化规律以及基于试验现象的滞回规则进行了分析。研究结果表明,骨架曲线下降段的刚度主要与墙肢端部型钢的屈服应变、轴压比及约束区箍筋配箍特征值等因素有关。
(3)运用CANNY程序提供的纤维墙元模型对SHPC剪力墙进行了数值分析,数值分析结果基本反映了试件的滞回特征,说明用CANNY程序对SHPC剪力墙进行非线性分析是可行的。同时在试验研究的基础上,借助CANNY程序对影响SHPC剪力墙抗震性能的有关参数进行了补充分析。
(4)在SHPC剪力墙低周反复水平加载试验研究的基础上,建立了其开裂荷载计算公式、正截面受压承载力及斜截面受剪承载力计算公式,通过与试验数据的对比表明,本文建议公式的计算结果与试验结果较为符合。
(5)利用SHPC剪力墙截面变形条件和平衡条件,建立了截面的屈服曲率与极限曲率,并根据剪力墙曲率延性系数与位移延性系数的关系,确定了SHPC剪力墙相应的位移延性系数。通过计算分析,得到了SHPC剪力墙轴压比、箍筋配箍特征值、墙体高宽比与位移延性系数之间的关系。研究结果表明,轴压比是影响SHPC剪力墙延性的主要因素,适当增加SHPC剪力墙约束区箍筋配箍特征值并控制其轴压比,可以提高SHPC剪力墙的位移延性。最后,给出了不同轴压比及箍筋配箍特征值情况下,SHPC剪力墙位移延性系数的取值,可供对SHPC剪力墙进行截面变形能力评估时参考。
(6)在本文SHPC剪力墙试验研究的基础上,参考已有SRC剪力墙试验研究资料,将SHPC剪力墙结构的性能划分为使用良好、暂时使用、生命安全和接近倒塌四个水平;定义了各性能水平对应的构件性能状态;量化了SHPC剪力墙结构四个性能水平极限状态对应的层间位移角限值。
(7)由SHPC剪力墙截面屈服曲率及极限曲率推算结构的目标位移,得到SHPC剪力墙的极限位移角,建立了SHPC剪力墙基于性能的变形能力设计方法,提出了SHPC剪力墙不同轴压比限值下,满足特定目标位移需求的约束钢筋数量的确定方法。
Steel high performance concrete structural wall was a combination of steel and high performance concrete.They can give full play to the advantages of steel and concrete and have better dynamic behavior,such as ductility and ability of dissipating energy than high performance concrete structural walls.However,the resrarch on the seismic behavior of SHPC structural walls is rare.The seismic behavior and performance-based seismic design method of SHPC structural walls are investigated by experiments and theoretical analysis,then the performance-based seismic design methodology is applied to the design of SHPC structural walls in this paper.The main contents covered are presented as follows.
(1) Six specimens of steel high performance concrete structural walls are constructed and tested under low cyclic reversed lateral loading.Some parameters, shear span ratio,axial load ratio,stirrup ratio are taken into consideration.The main failure patterns as well as hysteretic curves of those walls are obtained,and influence of each of the parameters on the ductile behavior,ability of energy dissipation and law of strength degeneration are analyzed.
(2) On the basis of theoretic formulas and testing data,a restoring force model of reversal skeleton curve of SHPC structural walls were established with degradation of strength and stiffness taken into account.The results show that the declined strength stage of skeleton curve of specimens is related to the yielding strain of boundary steel, axial load ratio and stirrup content.
(3) The fiber wall element model in CANNY program is used to analyze the non-linear performance of SHPC structural walls.Analysis results are very agreement with their test results and it proves that he fiber wall element model is reasonable and efficient in the nonlinear analysis of SHPC structural walls.Also,some parameters which were concered on seismic behavior of SHPC structural walls were analyzed by CANNY program.
(4) Based on experiment of SHPC structural walls under low cyclic reversed loading, the calculating equations of crack loading,section compressive load-bearing capacity and inclined section shear load-bearing capacity were established.The comparison of calculation results and test results illustrates that those calculating procedure is feasible.
(5) The yielding curvature and the ultimate curvature of SHPC structural walls are calculated by equilibrium and deformation condition.Then,the displacement ductility ratio of SHPC structural walls was established by the relationships between curvature ductility ratio and displacement ductility ratio.It is obtained for the relationships among the displacement ductility ratio,the axial load ratio,the characteristic value of stirrup content and the aspect ratio.It is concluded that the axial load ratio n is an important factor for deformation capacity and increasing the characteristic value of stirrup contentλv and limiting the axial load ratio n are effective means to improve ductility.The displacement-based deformation capacity design was then developed for SHPC structural walls and the conclusion can be referred by the evaluation of deformation capacity for SHPC structural walls.
(6) On the bais of cyclic loading test of SHPC walls and SRC walls,the seismic performance of SHPC structural walls can be divided into four levels:performance continuity,performance interruption,life safety and collapse prevention.Based on the experiments and results of SHPC structural walls,the failure mode and characteristic are analyzed.Then,the limit state of the different seismic performance levels and their dominating parameters are proposed.Finally,the range of deformation limits of SHPC structural walls are developed for four different seismic performance levels.
(7) Based on the deformation capacity of SHPC structural walls,its drift at yield and at ultimate were obtained.The performance-based seismic design method was then developed for SHPC structural walls and the transverse reinforcement characteristic value accordance with the target top displacement ratio and axial load ratio is proposed.
(1)对6个SHPC剪力墙试件进行了低周反复水平加载试验,研究了这种构件在压、弯、剪共同作用下的破坏过程和破坏机理;分析了SHPC剪力墙的剪跨比、轴压比、水平分布钢筋数量等因素对其破坏形态、滞回特性、延性及耗能能力的影响。
(2)根据对滞回曲线和骨架曲线的分析研究,提出了考虑刚度退化的SHPC剪力墙恢复力模型。用试验拟合方法,建立了SHPC剪力墙四(三)折线骨架曲线,给出了骨架曲线各个关键点的计算公式;对SHPC剪力墙的刚度退化规律以及基于试验现象的滞回规则进行了分析。研究结果表明,骨架曲线下降段的刚度主要与墙肢端部型钢的屈服应变、轴压比及约束区箍筋配箍特征值等因素有关。
(3)运用CANNY程序提供的纤维墙元模型对SHPC剪力墙进行了数值分析,数值分析结果基本反映了试件的滞回特征,说明用CANNY程序对SHPC剪力墙进行非线性分析是可行的。同时在试验研究的基础上,借助CANNY程序对影响SHPC剪力墙抗震性能的有关参数进行了补充分析。
(4)在SHPC剪力墙低周反复水平加载试验研究的基础上,建立了其开裂荷载计算公式、正截面受压承载力及斜截面受剪承载力计算公式,通过与试验数据的对比表明,本文建议公式的计算结果与试验结果较为符合。
(5)利用SHPC剪力墙截面变形条件和平衡条件,建立了截面的屈服曲率与极限曲率,并根据剪力墙曲率延性系数与位移延性系数的关系,确定了SHPC剪力墙相应的位移延性系数。通过计算分析,得到了SHPC剪力墙轴压比、箍筋配箍特征值、墙体高宽比与位移延性系数之间的关系。研究结果表明,轴压比是影响SHPC剪力墙延性的主要因素,适当增加SHPC剪力墙约束区箍筋配箍特征值并控制其轴压比,可以提高SHPC剪力墙的位移延性。最后,给出了不同轴压比及箍筋配箍特征值情况下,SHPC剪力墙位移延性系数的取值,可供对SHPC剪力墙进行截面变形能力评估时参考。
(6)在本文SHPC剪力墙试验研究的基础上,参考已有SRC剪力墙试验研究资料,将SHPC剪力墙结构的性能划分为使用良好、暂时使用、生命安全和接近倒塌四个水平;定义了各性能水平对应的构件性能状态;量化了SHPC剪力墙结构四个性能水平极限状态对应的层间位移角限值。
(7)由SHPC剪力墙截面屈服曲率及极限曲率推算结构的目标位移,得到SHPC剪力墙的极限位移角,建立了SHPC剪力墙基于性能的变形能力设计方法,提出了SHPC剪力墙不同轴压比限值下,满足特定目标位移需求的约束钢筋数量的确定方法。
Steel high performance concrete structural wall was a combination of steel and high performance concrete.They can give full play to the advantages of steel and concrete and have better dynamic behavior,such as ductility and ability of dissipating energy than high performance concrete structural walls.However,the resrarch on the seismic behavior of SHPC structural walls is rare.The seismic behavior and performance-based seismic design method of SHPC structural walls are investigated by experiments and theoretical analysis,then the performance-based seismic design methodology is applied to the design of SHPC structural walls in this paper.The main contents covered are presented as follows.
(1) Six specimens of steel high performance concrete structural walls are constructed and tested under low cyclic reversed lateral loading.Some parameters, shear span ratio,axial load ratio,stirrup ratio are taken into consideration.The main failure patterns as well as hysteretic curves of those walls are obtained,and influence of each of the parameters on the ductile behavior,ability of energy dissipation and law of strength degeneration are analyzed.
(2) On the basis of theoretic formulas and testing data,a restoring force model of reversal skeleton curve of SHPC structural walls were established with degradation of strength and stiffness taken into account.The results show that the declined strength stage of skeleton curve of specimens is related to the yielding strain of boundary steel, axial load ratio and stirrup content.
(3) The fiber wall element model in CANNY program is used to analyze the non-linear performance of SHPC structural walls.Analysis results are very agreement with their test results and it proves that he fiber wall element model is reasonable and efficient in the nonlinear analysis of SHPC structural walls.Also,some parameters which were concered on seismic behavior of SHPC structural walls were analyzed by CANNY program.
(4) Based on experiment of SHPC structural walls under low cyclic reversed loading, the calculating equations of crack loading,section compressive load-bearing capacity and inclined section shear load-bearing capacity were established.The comparison of calculation results and test results illustrates that those calculating procedure is feasible.
(5) The yielding curvature and the ultimate curvature of SHPC structural walls are calculated by equilibrium and deformation condition.Then,the displacement ductility ratio of SHPC structural walls was established by the relationships between curvature ductility ratio and displacement ductility ratio.It is obtained for the relationships among the displacement ductility ratio,the axial load ratio,the characteristic value of stirrup content and the aspect ratio.It is concluded that the axial load ratio n is an important factor for deformation capacity and increasing the characteristic value of stirrup contentλv and limiting the axial load ratio n are effective means to improve ductility.The displacement-based deformation capacity design was then developed for SHPC structural walls and the conclusion can be referred by the evaluation of deformation capacity for SHPC structural walls.
(6) On the bais of cyclic loading test of SHPC walls and SRC walls,the seismic performance of SHPC structural walls can be divided into four levels:performance continuity,performance interruption,life safety and collapse prevention.Based on the experiments and results of SHPC structural walls,the failure mode and characteristic are analyzed.Then,the limit state of the different seismic performance levels and their dominating parameters are proposed.Finally,the range of deformation limits of SHPC structural walls are developed for four different seismic performance levels.
(7) Based on the deformation capacity of SHPC structural walls,its drift at yield and at ultimate were obtained.The performance-based seismic design method was then developed for SHPC structural walls and the transverse reinforcement characteristic value accordance with the target top displacement ratio and axial load ratio is proposed.
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