微小切口基质透镜切除术（SMILE）与前弹力层下激光角膜磨镶术（SBK）治疗近视及散光疗效的对比研究
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摘要
[目的]比较微小切口基质透镜切除术(SMILE)和前弹力层下激光角膜磨镶术(SBK)治疗近视及散光手术前后患者疗效的变化。
[方法]选取我院行SMILE手术和SBK手术的近视患者共29人(分别30只眼和27只眼),对比两组术后1月、3月的屈光度、裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、对比敏感度和波前像差。前提：两组术前屈光度、最佳矫正视力、各空间频率无眩光及有眩光条件下对比敏感度、总高阶像差、球差的差异均无显著性。
[结果](1)术后1月和3月两组的视力和屈光度数无统计学差异,其有效性、安全性、可预测性、稳定性的差异均无显著性(P>0.05。(2)术后月和3月两组在个别空间频率无眩光及有眩光条件下对比敏感度较术前显著降低(P<0.05)；SBK组影响的空间频率多于SMILE组。(3)术后1月和3月两组的总高阶像差、球差均较术前显著增大，但SMILE组高阶像差和球差较SBK组小(P<0.05)。
[结论]SMILE及SBK矫正近视和散光均安全有效。SMILE组术后个别空间频率的对比敏感度优于SBK组。SMILE组较SBK组更少地引入高阶像差,尤其是球差。SMILE组术后患者视觉质量更好。
Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and Sub-Bowman Keratomileusis (SBK) in treating myopia and astigmatism.
Method:Twenty-nine patients were admitted to this trail, and30eyes were divided into SMILE group with27eyes into SBK group. Diopter, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS) in different spatial frequencies and light and dark fields, high order aberrations (HOAs) and spherical aberration (SA) were recorded one month and three months postoperatively. There were no significant differences on all these measurements between SBK group and SMILE group before surgery.
Results:(1) There were no significant differences on visual acuity, diopter, effectiveness, predictability and stability between SBK group and SMILE group (P>0.05).(2) Compared with preoperative evaluation, contrast sensitivity in different spatial frequencies and light and dark fields were decreased obviously one month and three months postoperatively (P<0.05).(3) Compared with preoperative evaluation, high order aberrations and spherical aberration were increased obviously one month and three months postoperatively, but postoperative high order aberrations and spherical aberration of SMILE group were significantly lower than those of SBK group (P<0.05).
Conclusion:Both of SMILE and SBK are effective on treating myopia and astigmatism. However, in this study, SMILE group shows lower CS than SBK group at some spatical frequencies. Moreover, SMILE group shows lower high order aberrations, especially spherical aberration. Compared with SBK group, SMILE group has better visual quality than SBK group.
[方法]选取我院行SMILE手术和SBK手术的近视患者共29人(分别30只眼和27只眼),对比两组术后1月、3月的屈光度、裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、对比敏感度和波前像差。前提：两组术前屈光度、最佳矫正视力、各空间频率无眩光及有眩光条件下对比敏感度、总高阶像差、球差的差异均无显著性。
[结果](1)术后1月和3月两组的视力和屈光度数无统计学差异,其有效性、安全性、可预测性、稳定性的差异均无显著性(P>0.05。(2)术后月和3月两组在个别空间频率无眩光及有眩光条件下对比敏感度较术前显著降低(P<0.05)；SBK组影响的空间频率多于SMILE组。(3)术后1月和3月两组的总高阶像差、球差均较术前显著增大，但SMILE组高阶像差和球差较SBK组小(P<0.05)。
[结论]SMILE及SBK矫正近视和散光均安全有效。SMILE组术后个别空间频率的对比敏感度优于SBK组。SMILE组较SBK组更少地引入高阶像差,尤其是球差。SMILE组术后患者视觉质量更好。
Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and Sub-Bowman Keratomileusis (SBK) in treating myopia and astigmatism.
Method:Twenty-nine patients were admitted to this trail, and30eyes were divided into SMILE group with27eyes into SBK group. Diopter, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS) in different spatial frequencies and light and dark fields, high order aberrations (HOAs) and spherical aberration (SA) were recorded one month and three months postoperatively. There were no significant differences on all these measurements between SBK group and SMILE group before surgery.
Results:(1) There were no significant differences on visual acuity, diopter, effectiveness, predictability and stability between SBK group and SMILE group (P>0.05).(2) Compared with preoperative evaluation, contrast sensitivity in different spatial frequencies and light and dark fields were decreased obviously one month and three months postoperatively (P<0.05).(3) Compared with preoperative evaluation, high order aberrations and spherical aberration were increased obviously one month and three months postoperatively, but postoperative high order aberrations and spherical aberration of SMILE group were significantly lower than those of SBK group (P<0.05).
Conclusion:Both of SMILE and SBK are effective on treating myopia and astigmatism. However, in this study, SMILE group shows lower CS than SBK group at some spatical frequencies. Moreover, SMILE group shows lower high order aberrations, especially spherical aberration. Compared with SBK group, SMILE group has better visual quality than SBK group.
引文
1. Pallikaris IG, Papatzanaki ME, Stathi EZ, Frenschock O, Georgiadis A. Lasers Surg Med.1990;10(5):463-8. Laser in situ keratomileusis.
2. Seiler T, Koufala K, Richter G. Iatrogenic keratectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis. JRefract Surg.1998 May-Jun; 14(3):312-7.
3. Camellin M. Laser epithelial keratomileusis for myopia. J Refract Surg. 2003;19(6):666-70.
4. Alio JL, de la Hoz F, Perez-Santonja JJ, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Quesada JA. Phakic anterior chamber lenses for the correction of myopia:a 7-year cumulative analysis of complications in 263 cases. Ophthalmology.1999; 106(3):458-66.
5. Perez-Santonja JJ, Iradier MI, Sanz-Igfesias L, Serrano JM, Zato MA. Endothehal changes in phakic eyes with anterior chamber intraocular lenses to correct high myopia. J Cataract Refract Surg.1996;22(8):1017-22.
6. Sekundo W, Kunert, Russmann C, Gille A, Bissmann W, Stobrawa G, Sticker M, Bischoff M, Blum M. First efficacy and safety study of femtosecond lenticule extraction for the correction of myopia:six-month results. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008,34(9).1513-20.
7. Blum M, Kunert K, Schroder M, Sekundo W. Femtosecond lenticule extraction for the correction of myopia:preliminary 6-month results. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2010,248(7):1019-27.
8. 周行涛,董子献,姚佩君等。飞秒激光透镜切除术矫正近视眼的临床研究.中华眼科杂志,2011,47；584-588.
9.Sekumdo,W,Kunert KS,Blum M.Small incision corncal refractive surgery using the small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism:results of a 6 month prospective study. Br J Onhthalmnl 2011;95(3):335-9
10. Shah R, Shah S, Sengupta S. Results of small incision lenticule extraction: All-in-one femtosecond laser refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg.2011; 37(1):127-37.
11. Oshika T, Klyce SD, Applegate RA, Howland HC, El Danasoury MA. Comparison of corneal wavefront aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. Am J Ophthalmol.1999; 127(1):1-7.
12. Seiler T, Kaemmerer M, Mierdel P, Krinke HE. Ocular optical aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy for myopia and myopic astigmatism. Arch Ophthalmol.2000; 118(1):17-21.
13. Moreno-Barriuso E, Lloves JM, Marcos S, Navarro R, Llorente L, Barbero S. Ocular aberrations before and after myopic corneal refractive surgery: LASIK-induced changes measured with laser ray tracing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.2001;42(6):1396-403.
14. Vestergaard A, Ivarsen AR, Asp S, Hjortdal J(?). Small-incision lenticule extraction for moderate to high myopia:Predictability, safety, and patient satisfaction. J Cataract Refract Surg.2012; 38(11):2003-10.
15. Slade SG, Durrie DS, Binder PS. A prospective, contralateral eye study comparing thin-flap LASIK (sub-Bowinan keratomileusis) with photorefraetive kerateetomy. Ophthalmology.2009; 116(6):1075-82.
16. Hatch BB, Moshirfar M, Ollerton AJ, Sikder S, Mifflin MD. A prospective, contralateral comparison of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) versus thin-flap LASIK:assessment of visual function. Clin Ophthalmol.2011;5:451-7.
17. Cobo-Soriano R, Calvo MA, Beltran J, Llovet FL, Baviera J. Thin flap laser in situ keratomileusis:analysis of contrast sensitivity, visual, and refractive outcomes. J Cataract Refract Surg.2005;31(7):1357-65.
18. 邬文兰,视觉对比敏感度。国外医学·眼科学分册,1991,15(1)：39-42.
19. Chan JW, Edwards MH, Woo GC, Woo VC. Contrast sensitivity after laser in situ keratomileusis. one-year follow-up. J Cataract Refract Surg.2002; 28(10):1774-9.
20. Sano Y, Carr JD, Takei K, Thompson KP, Stulting RD, Waring GO 3rd. Videokeratography after excimer laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia. Ophthalmology.2000; 107(4):674-84.
21. Holladay JT, Dudeja DR, Chang J. Functional vision and corneal changes after laser in situ keratomileusis determined by contrast sensitivity, glare testing, and corneal topography. J Cataract Refract Surg.1999; 25(5):663-9.
22. Slade S. Contralateral comparison of Alcon CustomCornea and VISX Custom Vue wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis:one-month results. J Refract Surg. 2004; 20(5):S601-5.
23. Keir NJ, Simpson T, Jones LW, Fonn D. Wavefront-guided LASIK for myopia: effect on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and higher order aberrations. J Refract Surg.2009; 25(6):524-33.
24. Oshika T, Miyata K, Tokunaga T, Samejima T, Amano S, Tanaka S, Hirohara Y, Mihashi T, Maeda N, Fujikado T. Higher order wavefront aberrations of cornea and magnitude of refractive correction in laser in situ keratomileusis. Ophthalmology.2002; 109(6):1154-8.
25. Panagopoulou SI, Palllkaris IG. Wavefront customized ablations with the WASCA Asclepion workstation. J Refract Surg.2001;17(5):S608-12.
26. Seiler T, Kaemmerer M, Mierdel P, Krinke HE. Ocular optical aberrations after photorcfractive kcratcctomy for myopia and myopic astigmatism.Arch Ophthalmol.2000; 118(1):17-21.
27. Mrochen M, Kaemmerer M, Mierdel P, Seiler T. Increased higher-order optical aberrations after laser refractive surgery:a problem of subclinical decentration. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001; 27(3):362-9.
1. Wilson SE. Laser in situ keratomileusis-induced (presumed) neurotrophic epitheliopathy. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:1082-1087
2. Wilson SE, Stulting RD. Agreement of physician treatment practices with the International Task Force guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease. Cornea 2007; 26:284-289.
3. Lemp MA. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. CLAO J.1995;21(4):221-32.
4. The definition and classification of dry eye disease:report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf.2007;5(2):75-y2.
5. 刘丽铭,吕帆,PRK前后泪膜稳定性的比较,眼视光学杂志,2001；3(1)：5-7
6. Solomon KD, Holzer MP, Sandoval HP, Vargas LG, Werner L, Vroman DT, Kasper TJ, Apple DJ. J CataractRefractive Surgery Survey 2001. Refract Surg. 2002;28(2):346-55.
7. Toda I. LASIK and dry eye. Compr Ophthalmol Update.2007;8(2):79-85; discussion 87-9.
8. Nelson JD. Impression cytology. Cornea.1988;7(1):71-81.
9. Calonge M, Diebold Y, Saez V, Enriquez de Salamanca A, Garcia-Vazquez C, Corrales RM,Hcrrcras JM.Imprcssion cytology of the ocular surface:a revicew. Exp Eye Res.2004;78(3):457-72.
10. Liu Z, Pflugfelder SC. Corneal surface regularity and the effect of artificial tears in aqueous tear deficiency.Ophthalmology.1999;106(5):939-43
11. Ambrosio R Jr, Wilson SE. Complications of laser in situ keratomileusis:etiology, prevention, and treatment. J Refract Surg.2001;17(3):350-79.
12. Lawrenson JG, Corbett MC, O'Brart DP, Marshall J. Effect of beam variables on corneal sensitivity after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. Br J Ophthalmol.1997;81(8):686-90.
13. Campos M, Hertzog L, Garbus JJ, McDonnell PJ. Corneal sensitivity after photorefractive keratectomy. Am J Ophthalmol.1992;114(1):51-4.
14. J Aras C, Ozdamar A, Bahcecioglu H, Karacorlu M, Sener B, Ozkan S. Decreased tear secretion after laser in situ keratomileusis for high myopia. Refract Surg. 2000; 16(3):362-4.
15. Murphy PJ, Corbett MC, O'Brart DP, Verma S, Patel S, Marshall J. Loss and recovery of corneal sensitivity following photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. J Refract Surg.1999; 15(1):38-45.
16. Kanellopoulos AJ, Pallikaris IG, Donnenfeld ED, Detorakis S, Koufala K, Perry HD. Comparison of corneal sensation following photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg.1997;23(1):34-8.
17. Toda I, Asano-Kato N, Komai-Hori Y, Tsubota K. Dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis. Am J Ophthalmol.2001;132(1):1-7.
18. Horwath-Winter J, Vidic B, Schwantzer G, Schmut O. Early changes in corneal sensation,Ocular surface integrity,and tear-film function after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg.2004;30(11):2316-21.
19. Battat L, Macri A, Dursun D, Pflugfelder SC. Effects of laser in situ keratomilcusis on tear production,clcarance,and the ocular surface. Ophthalmology.2001;108(7):1230-5.
20. Singh G, Kaur J. Iatrogenic dry eye:late effect of topical steroid formulations. J Indian Med Assoc.1992 Sep;90(9):235-7.
21. 赵立全,朱煌,马晓晔等,准分子激光屈光性角膜术(LASIK和LASEK)对泪膜稳性及角膜中央知觉的影响.第二军医大学学报,2007,28(4)：404-407.
97 Mian SI, Shtein RM,Nelson A, Musch. DC Effect of hinge position on corneal sensation and dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis using a femtosecond laser. J Cataract Refract Surg.2007;33(7):1190-4.
23. Murube J, Murube E, ChenZhuo L, Rivas L. Subcutaneous abdominal artificial tears pump-reservoir for severe dry eye. Orbit.2003;22(1):29-40.
24. Marsh P, Pflugfelder SC. Topical nonpreserved methylprednisolone therapy for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjogren syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(4):811-6.
25. Kashani S, Mearza AA. Uses and safety profile of ciclosporin in ophthalmology. Expert Opin Drug Saf.2008;7(1):79-89.
26. Perry HD, Donnenfeld ED. Medications for dry eye syndrome:a drug-therapy review. Manag Care.2003; 12(12 Suppl):26-32.
2. Seiler T, Koufala K, Richter G. Iatrogenic keratectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis. JRefract Surg.1998 May-Jun; 14(3):312-7.
3. Camellin M. Laser epithelial keratomileusis for myopia. J Refract Surg. 2003;19(6):666-70.
4. Alio JL, de la Hoz F, Perez-Santonja JJ, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Quesada JA. Phakic anterior chamber lenses for the correction of myopia:a 7-year cumulative analysis of complications in 263 cases. Ophthalmology.1999; 106(3):458-66.
5. Perez-Santonja JJ, Iradier MI, Sanz-Igfesias L, Serrano JM, Zato MA. Endothehal changes in phakic eyes with anterior chamber intraocular lenses to correct high myopia. J Cataract Refract Surg.1996;22(8):1017-22.
6. Sekundo W, Kunert, Russmann C, Gille A, Bissmann W, Stobrawa G, Sticker M, Bischoff M, Blum M. First efficacy and safety study of femtosecond lenticule extraction for the correction of myopia:six-month results. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008,34(9).1513-20.
7. Blum M, Kunert K, Schroder M, Sekundo W. Femtosecond lenticule extraction for the correction of myopia:preliminary 6-month results. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2010,248(7):1019-27.
8. 周行涛,董子献,姚佩君等。飞秒激光透镜切除术矫正近视眼的临床研究.中华眼科杂志,2011,47；584-588.
9.Sekumdo,W,Kunert KS,Blum M.Small incision corncal refractive surgery using the small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism:results of a 6 month prospective study. Br J Onhthalmnl 2011;95(3):335-9
10. Shah R, Shah S, Sengupta S. Results of small incision lenticule extraction: All-in-one femtosecond laser refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg.2011; 37(1):127-37.
11. Oshika T, Klyce SD, Applegate RA, Howland HC, El Danasoury MA. Comparison of corneal wavefront aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. Am J Ophthalmol.1999; 127(1):1-7.
12. Seiler T, Kaemmerer M, Mierdel P, Krinke HE. Ocular optical aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy for myopia and myopic astigmatism. Arch Ophthalmol.2000; 118(1):17-21.
13. Moreno-Barriuso E, Lloves JM, Marcos S, Navarro R, Llorente L, Barbero S. Ocular aberrations before and after myopic corneal refractive surgery: LASIK-induced changes measured with laser ray tracing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.2001;42(6):1396-403.
14. Vestergaard A, Ivarsen AR, Asp S, Hjortdal J(?). Small-incision lenticule extraction for moderate to high myopia:Predictability, safety, and patient satisfaction. J Cataract Refract Surg.2012; 38(11):2003-10.
15. Slade SG, Durrie DS, Binder PS. A prospective, contralateral eye study comparing thin-flap LASIK (sub-Bowinan keratomileusis) with photorefraetive kerateetomy. Ophthalmology.2009; 116(6):1075-82.
16. Hatch BB, Moshirfar M, Ollerton AJ, Sikder S, Mifflin MD. A prospective, contralateral comparison of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) versus thin-flap LASIK:assessment of visual function. Clin Ophthalmol.2011;5:451-7.
17. Cobo-Soriano R, Calvo MA, Beltran J, Llovet FL, Baviera J. Thin flap laser in situ keratomileusis:analysis of contrast sensitivity, visual, and refractive outcomes. J Cataract Refract Surg.2005;31(7):1357-65.
18. 邬文兰,视觉对比敏感度。国外医学·眼科学分册,1991,15(1)：39-42.
19. Chan JW, Edwards MH, Woo GC, Woo VC. Contrast sensitivity after laser in situ keratomileusis. one-year follow-up. J Cataract Refract Surg.2002; 28(10):1774-9.
20. Sano Y, Carr JD, Takei K, Thompson KP, Stulting RD, Waring GO 3rd. Videokeratography after excimer laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia. Ophthalmology.2000; 107(4):674-84.
21. Holladay JT, Dudeja DR, Chang J. Functional vision and corneal changes after laser in situ keratomileusis determined by contrast sensitivity, glare testing, and corneal topography. J Cataract Refract Surg.1999; 25(5):663-9.
22. Slade S. Contralateral comparison of Alcon CustomCornea and VISX Custom Vue wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis:one-month results. J Refract Surg. 2004; 20(5):S601-5.
23. Keir NJ, Simpson T, Jones LW, Fonn D. Wavefront-guided LASIK for myopia: effect on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and higher order aberrations. J Refract Surg.2009; 25(6):524-33.
24. Oshika T, Miyata K, Tokunaga T, Samejima T, Amano S, Tanaka S, Hirohara Y, Mihashi T, Maeda N, Fujikado T. Higher order wavefront aberrations of cornea and magnitude of refractive correction in laser in situ keratomileusis. Ophthalmology.2002; 109(6):1154-8.
25. Panagopoulou SI, Palllkaris IG. Wavefront customized ablations with the WASCA Asclepion workstation. J Refract Surg.2001;17(5):S608-12.
26. Seiler T, Kaemmerer M, Mierdel P, Krinke HE. Ocular optical aberrations after photorcfractive kcratcctomy for myopia and myopic astigmatism.Arch Ophthalmol.2000; 118(1):17-21.
27. Mrochen M, Kaemmerer M, Mierdel P, Seiler T. Increased higher-order optical aberrations after laser refractive surgery:a problem of subclinical decentration. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001; 27(3):362-9.
1. Wilson SE. Laser in situ keratomileusis-induced (presumed) neurotrophic epitheliopathy. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:1082-1087
2. Wilson SE, Stulting RD. Agreement of physician treatment practices with the International Task Force guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease. Cornea 2007; 26:284-289.
3. Lemp MA. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. CLAO J.1995;21(4):221-32.
4. The definition and classification of dry eye disease:report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf.2007;5(2):75-y2.
5. 刘丽铭,吕帆,PRK前后泪膜稳定性的比较,眼视光学杂志,2001；3(1)：5-7
6. Solomon KD, Holzer MP, Sandoval HP, Vargas LG, Werner L, Vroman DT, Kasper TJ, Apple DJ. J CataractRefractive Surgery Survey 2001. Refract Surg. 2002;28(2):346-55.
7. Toda I. LASIK and dry eye. Compr Ophthalmol Update.2007;8(2):79-85; discussion 87-9.
8. Nelson JD. Impression cytology. Cornea.1988;7(1):71-81.
9. Calonge M, Diebold Y, Saez V, Enriquez de Salamanca A, Garcia-Vazquez C, Corrales RM,Hcrrcras JM.Imprcssion cytology of the ocular surface:a revicew. Exp Eye Res.2004;78(3):457-72.
10. Liu Z, Pflugfelder SC. Corneal surface regularity and the effect of artificial tears in aqueous tear deficiency.Ophthalmology.1999;106(5):939-43
11. Ambrosio R Jr, Wilson SE. Complications of laser in situ keratomileusis:etiology, prevention, and treatment. J Refract Surg.2001;17(3):350-79.
12. Lawrenson JG, Corbett MC, O'Brart DP, Marshall J. Effect of beam variables on corneal sensitivity after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. Br J Ophthalmol.1997;81(8):686-90.
13. Campos M, Hertzog L, Garbus JJ, McDonnell PJ. Corneal sensitivity after photorefractive keratectomy. Am J Ophthalmol.1992;114(1):51-4.
14. J Aras C, Ozdamar A, Bahcecioglu H, Karacorlu M, Sener B, Ozkan S. Decreased tear secretion after laser in situ keratomileusis for high myopia. Refract Surg. 2000; 16(3):362-4.
15. Murphy PJ, Corbett MC, O'Brart DP, Verma S, Patel S, Marshall J. Loss and recovery of corneal sensitivity following photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. J Refract Surg.1999; 15(1):38-45.
16. Kanellopoulos AJ, Pallikaris IG, Donnenfeld ED, Detorakis S, Koufala K, Perry HD. Comparison of corneal sensation following photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg.1997;23(1):34-8.
17. Toda I, Asano-Kato N, Komai-Hori Y, Tsubota K. Dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis. Am J Ophthalmol.2001;132(1):1-7.
18. Horwath-Winter J, Vidic B, Schwantzer G, Schmut O. Early changes in corneal sensation,Ocular surface integrity,and tear-film function after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg.2004;30(11):2316-21.
19. Battat L, Macri A, Dursun D, Pflugfelder SC. Effects of laser in situ keratomilcusis on tear production,clcarance,and the ocular surface. Ophthalmology.2001;108(7):1230-5.
20. Singh G, Kaur J. Iatrogenic dry eye:late effect of topical steroid formulations. J Indian Med Assoc.1992 Sep;90(9):235-7.
21. 赵立全,朱煌,马晓晔等,准分子激光屈光性角膜术(LASIK和LASEK)对泪膜稳性及角膜中央知觉的影响.第二军医大学学报,2007,28(4)：404-407.
97 Mian SI, Shtein RM,Nelson A, Musch. DC Effect of hinge position on corneal sensation and dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis using a femtosecond laser. J Cataract Refract Surg.2007;33(7):1190-4.
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