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大杨树盆地构造特征及其演化
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摘要
本论文是依托中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室科技攻关项目《大庆探区外围盆地群构造特征、演化与成盆动力学研究》完成的。大杨树盆地为大庆探区外围盆地之一,位于内蒙古自治区东部,东南紧邻松辽盆地。本文在丰富的野外地质、地球物理勘探与钻探资料的基础上,采用构造地质学、地层学及盆地分析等多种分析万法,对大杨树盆地的构造形态、火山岩分布特征、原型盆地构造演化进行了研究。取得了主要研究成果与认识如下:
     1.大杨树盆地自下而上发育的主要地层有下白垩统龙江组、九峰山组、甘河组及上白垩统嫩江组、孤山镇组。龙江组上部为中酸性熔岩和火山碎屑岩,下部为中性熔岩夹碎屑岩和薄层酸性熔岩:九峰山组下段以中酸性熔岩、火山碎屑岩为主,火山沉积岩、潜火山岩次之;九峰山组上段由中基性熔岩、火山碎屑岩夹砾岩、砂岩、泥岩和煤层组成:甘河组主要为中、基性熔岩、火山碎屑岩,夹碎屑沉积岩;嫩江组以泥岩、细砂岩、砂砾岩为主:孤山镇组以中性、钙碱性熔岩、火山碎屑岩为主。
     2.发育于大杨树盆地西侧的大兴安岭断裂带对该盆地的形成、演化具有重要影响。深大断裂控制了大杨树盆地的边界,形成一系列NE向正断层,并呈阶梯状向盆地深凹方向跌落,构成盆地的西缓东陡、南深北浅,且由南向北坳隆相间的构造格局。
     3.大兴安岭断裂带对岩浆活动也具有明显的控制作用。该断裂带附近岩浆活动强,远离断裂方向岩浆活动逐渐变弱,岩浆活动在垂向上表现为强一弱一强的演化规律。盆地内早白垩世火山喷发带与区域大断裂的展布方向基本一致;各火山岩相形态均受大断裂、古地形、火山机构等多种因素控制:火山喷发物由火口附近向远离火山口粒度呈变细的趋势。
     4.龙江组、九峰山组、甘河组和孤山镇组的岩相可划分为火山溢流相、火山爆发相、火山崩落堆积相、火山空落相、火山碎屑流相、火山喷发沉积相、火山颈相、侵出相、潜火山岩相等9种类型。
     5.大杨树盆地可划分为南部坳陷区,南部隆起区,中部坳陷区,中部隆起区和北部坳陷区5个一级构造单元,并可进一步划分为16个二级构造单元。
     6.大杨树盆地的演化历史可划分为:断陷初期火山强喷发伴随粗碎屑快速堆积阶段、断陷中期火山弱喷发较稳定沉积阶段、断陷晚期火山强喷发阶段、断陷后整体抬升剥蚀阶段。
This article depends on the project "The Structural Characteristic, Tectonic Evolution and Basin-forming Dynamics surround Daqing Exploring Region Basins"of China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, which is an important tackle key problem project of the labroratory. Dayangshu Basin is one of the basins surround the Daqing exploration area. It locates in the east part of Inner Mongolia and is closely adjacent to Songliao Basin at the southeast. Based on the field geology, geophysical exploration and drilling data, the author used many analysis techniques, such as structure geology, stratigraphy and basin analysis to research the structure modality, distribution features of volcanic rocks and the structure evolution of the primary basin. The main research results are as follows:
    1. From base to top, the strata of Dayangshu basin are Longjiang formation, Jiufengshan formation, Ganhe formation,which belong to the lower Cretaceous . And Nenjiang formation, and Gushanzhen formation, which belong to the upper Cretaceous. Top of Longjiang formation is medium-acid lava and volcanic clastic rock.Base of it is medium lava with clastic rock beds and thin beds of acid lava. The main rock assembly of the lower part of Jiufengshan formation is medium-felsic lava and volcanic clastic rock, the minor assembly is volcanic sedimentary rock and subvolcanic rock. The upper part of Jiufengshan formation is made of medium-mafic lava, volcanic clastic rock and interbeds of conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone and coal beds. Ganhe formation is mainly made of medium-mafic lava, vocanic sedimentary rock and with clastic sedimentary rock. Gushanzhen formation is made of medium calc-alkalic lava and volcanic clastic rock.
    2.The Daxing'anling faults belt, which is at the west boundary of Dayangshu basin, affected the evolution and formation of the basin deeply. The deep fault controlled the boundary of the basin, and formed a series of NE oriented normal faults, which fell to the deep depression part of the basin as steps and formed structure configuration that is gentle at west and steep at east, deep at south, shallow at north and rise alternated with depression.
    3. Daxinganling faults belt controlled the volcanic activity obviously. Activities near the belt are strong, while the ones far away form it changed to be weak gradually. The evolution rules are strong activity changed to weak ones and then changed to strong ones vertically. The early Cretaceous volcanic eruption belt is basically the same with the orientation of the deep fault in the region. All the volcanic facis are controlled by the deep fault ,paleo-topography and volcanic framework .The eruption material became thinner in grade from the volcanic head to the far area.
    4. The lithofacies of Longjiang formation , Jiufengshan formation , Ganhe formation and Gushanzhen formation are volcanic effluence facies, volcanic explosive facies, volcanic avalanche-deposit facies, volcanic fallout facies, pyroclastic flow facies, volcanic eruption-sedimentary facies, volcanic neck facies, intrusion facies and subvolcanic rock
引文
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